Chamazulene
- Formula: C14H16
- Molecular weight: 184.2768
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C14H16/c1-4-12-7-5-10(2)13-8-6-11(3)14(13)9-12/h5-9H,4H2,1-3H3
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GXGJIOMUZAGVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 529-05-5
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Other names: Azulene, 7-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl-; Ba 2784; Camazulene; Chamazulen; Dimethulene; 1,4-Dimethyl-7-ethylazulene; 7-Ethyl-1,4-dimethylazulene; Azulene, 1,4-dimethyl-7-ethyl-; Dimethulen
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
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Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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| Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
|---|---|
| Origin | N.W. DAVIES, UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA |
| NIST MS number | 70252 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-5MS | 1741. | Tuberoso, Kowalczyk, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(5min) => 2C/min => 140C= 5C/min => 250C(5min) |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | RTX-1 | 1716. | Muselli, Rossi, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 1728. | Blagojevic, Radulovic, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1714. | Blagojevic, Radulovic, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min |
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 1734. | Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 1735. | Vujisic L., Vuckovic I., et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 4.3 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 285. C |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 1739. | Boskovic, Radulovic, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1725. | Boskovic, Radulovic, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1722. | Couladis, Tsortanidou, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 380. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 1742. | Andriamaharavo, 2014 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C (1 min) => 5 C/min => 210C => 10 C/min => 280C (15 min) |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 1725. | Mockute and Judzentiene, 2003 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 60C (2min) => 5C/min => 160C (1min) => 10C/min => 250C (2min) |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 1735. | Jian-Yu, Zhu, et al., 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 3. min |
| Capillary | Methylsiloxane + 5 % Ph-groups | 1725. | Nadim, Malik, et al., 2011 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 7. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1732. | Abderrahim, Belhamel, et al., 2010 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | RTX-1 | 1707. | Museli, Pau, et al., 2009 | 60. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | RTX-1 | 1719. | Museli, Pau, et al., 2009 | 60. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 1699. | Nibret and Wink, 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 1734. | Zhao, Zeng, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1711. | Bousaada, Ammar, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 50. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min |
| Capillary | ZB-1 | 1700. | Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 3. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 230. C |
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 1715. | Basta, Pavlovic, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | Col-Elite 5MS | 1749. | Gudaityte and Venskutonis R.P., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 246. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1718. | Apel, Sobral, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 300. C |
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 1722. | Ebrahim Sajjadi and Mehregan, 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 1706. | Kitchlu, Bakshi, et al., 2006 | 25. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 90. C @ 2. min, 7. K/min; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1732. | Morteza-Semnani K., Akbarzadeh M., et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | NB-30 | 1710. | Orav, Raal, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1715. | Velasco-Negueruela, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2006 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 4. K/min; Tstart: 90. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1733. | Senatore, Rigano, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1708. | Juteau, Jerkovic, et al., 2003 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | ZB-1 | 1700. | Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 230. C |
| Capillary | NB-30 | 1715. | Raal, Arak, et al., 2003 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1715. | Das, Ram, et al., 2002 | 25. m/0.50 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 1702. | Orav, Kailas, et al., 2001 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 1669. | Bicchi, Binello, et al., 1999 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.30 μm, Hydrogen, 50. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 1674. | Bicchi, Binello, et al., 1999 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.30 μm, Hydrogen, 50. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 1674. | Bicchi, Binello, et al., 1999 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.30 μm, Hydrogen, 50. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 1674. | Bicchi, Binello, et al., 1999 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.30 μm, Hydrogen, 50. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 1714. | Kaul, Singh, et al., 1993 | 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 280. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 1730. | Sharopov, Sulaimonova, et al., 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (10 min) 3 0C/min -> 200 0C 2 0C/min -> 220 0C |
| Capillary | Optima-5MS | 1715. | HEuskin, Godin, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 230 0C 30 0C/min -> 280 0C (5 min) |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 1732. | Judpentienë and Mockutë, 2004 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 60C(2min) => 5C/min => 160C (1min) => 10C/min => 250C (2min) |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 1725. | Judpentienë and Mockutë, 2004, 2 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 5C/min => 160C(1min) => 10C/min => 250C (5min) |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 1705. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 1725. | Mockute and Judzentiene, 2002 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 60C(2min) => 5C/min => 160C(1min) => 10C/min => 250C (2min) |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 1725. | Mockute and Judzentiene, 2002, 2 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 60C(2min) => 5C/min => 160C(1min) => 10C/min => 250C(2min) |
| Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 1712. | Weyerstahl, Marschall, et al., 1997 | N2; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | RTX-Wax | 2396. | Museli, Pau, et al., 2009 | 60. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | NB-20M | 2380. | Orav, Raal, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | SW-10 | 2370. | Raal, Arak, et al., 2003 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | PEG-20M | 2370. | Orav, Kailas, et al., 2001 | He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 250. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 2360. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Tuberoso, Kowalczyk, et al., 2005
Tuberoso, C.I.G.; Kowalczyk, A.; Coroneo, V.; Russo, M.T.; Dessì, S.; Cabras, P.,
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antifungal Activities of the Essential Oil of Achillea ligustica All.,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 26, 10148-10153, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0518913
. [all data]
Muselli, Rossi, et al., 2007
Muselli, A.; Rossi, P.-G.; Desjobert, J.-M.; Bernardini, A.-F.; Berti, L.; Costa, J.,
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Otanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffmanns. Link essential oils from Corsica,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 3, 217-223, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1787
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Blagojevic, Radulovic, et al., 2006
Blagojevic, P.; Radulovic, N.; Palic, R.; Stojanovic, G.,
Chemical composition of the essential oils of Serbian wild-growing Srtemisia absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 13, 4780-4789, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060123o
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Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006
Saroglou, V.; Dorizas, N.; Kypriotakis, Z.; Skaltsa, H.D.,
Analysis of the essential oil composition of eight Anthemis species from Greece,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1104, 1-2, 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.087
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Vujisic L., Vuckovic I., et al., 2006
Vujisic L.; Vuckovic I.; Tesevic V.; Dokovic D.; Ristic M.S.; Janackovic P.; Milosavljevic S.,
Comparative examination of the essential oils of Anthemis ruthenica and A-arvensis wild-growing in Serbia,
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Boskovic, Radulovic, et al., 2005
Boskovic, Z.; Radulovic, N.; Stojanovic, G.,
Essential oil composition of four Achillea species from the balkans and its chemotaxonomic significance,
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Couladis, Tsortanidou, et al., 2001
Couladis, M.; Tsortanidou, V.; Francisco-Ortega, J.; Santos-Guerra, A.; Harvala, C.,
Composition of the essential oils of Argyranthemum species growing in the Canary Islands,
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Andriamaharavo, 2014
Andriamaharavo, N.R.,
Retention Data. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center., NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 2014. [all data]
Mockute and Judzentiene, 2003
Mockute, D.; Judzentiene, A.,
Variability of the essential oils composition of Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium growing wild in Lithuania,
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Jian-Yu, Zhu, et al., 2012
Jian-Yu, S.; Zhu, L.; Tian, Y.-J.,
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Matricaria songarica,
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Nadim, Malik, et al., 2011
Nadim, M.M.; Malik, A.A.; Ahmad, J.; Bakshi, S.K.,
The essential oil composition of Achillea millefolium L. cultivated under tropical conditions in India,
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Abderrahim, Belhamel, et al., 2010
Abderrahim, A.; Belhamel, K.; Chalchat, J.-C.; Figueredo, G.,
Chemical composition of the essential oil from Artemisia arborescens L. growing wild in Algeria,
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Museli, Pau, et al., 2009
Museli, A.; Pau, M.; Desjobert, J.-M.; Foddai, M.; Usai, M.; Costa, J.,
Volatile constituents of Achllea ligustica All. by HS-SPME/GC/GC-MS. Comparison with essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Corsica and Sardinia,
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Nibret and Wink, 2009
Nibret, E.; Wink, M.,
Volatile components of four Ethiopian Artemisia species extracts and their in vitro antipatrypanosomal and cytotoxic activities,
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Zhao, Zeng, et al., 2009
Zhao, C.; Zeng, Y.; Wan, M.; Li, R.; Liang, Y.; Li, C.; Zeng, Z.; Chau, F.-T.,
Comparative analysis of essential oils from eight herbal medicines with pungent flavor and cool nature by GC-MS and chemometric resolution methods,
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Bousaada, O.; Ammar, S.; Saidana, D.; Chriaa, J.; Chraif, I.; Daami, M.; Helal, A.N.; Mighri, Z.,
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Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2008
Mierendorff, H.-G.; Stahl-Biskup, E.; Posthumus, M.A.; van Beek, T.A.,
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Basta, Pavlovic, et al., 2007
Basta, A.; Pavlovic, M.; Couladis, M.; Tzakou, O.,
Essential oil composition of the flowerheads of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. from Greece,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 3, 197-200, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1781
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Gudaityte and Venskutonis R.P., 2007
Gudaityte, O.; Venskutonis R.P.,
Chemotypes of Achillea millefolium transferred from 14 different locations in Lithuania to the controlled environment,
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Apel, Sobral, et al., 2006
Apel, M.A.; Sobral, M.; Zuanazzi, J.A.S.; Henriques, A.T.,
Essential oil composition of four Plinia species (Myrtaceae),
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Ebrahim Sajjadi and Mehregan, 2006
Ebrahim Sajjadi, S.; Mehregan, I.,
Volatile constituents of flowers and leaves of Anthemis hyalina,
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Kitchlu, Bakshi, et al., 2006
Kitchlu, S.; Bakshi, S.K.; Kaul, M.K.; Bhan, M.K.; Thapa, R.K.; Agarwal, S.G.,
Tanacetum gracile Hook. f T. A new source of lavandulol from Ladakh Himalaya (India),
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Morteza-Semnani K., Akbarzadeh M., et al., 2006
Morteza-Semnani K.; Akbarzadeh M.; Moshiri K.,
The essential oil composition of Eupatorium cannabinum L. from Iran,
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Orav, Raal, et al., 2006
Orav, A.; Raal, A.; Arak, E.; Müürisepp, M.; Kailas, T.,
Composition of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium L. of different geographical origin,
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Velasco-Negueruela, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2006
Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; Pérez de Paz, P.L.; Palá-Paúl, J.; Sanz, J.,
Analysis by gas chromatography?mass spectrometry of the volatiles from the fruits of Ammodaucus leucotrichus subsp. leucotrichus and subsp. nanocarpus grown in North Africa and the Canary Islands, respectively,
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Senatore, Rigano, et al., 2004
Senatore, F.; Rigano, D.; de Fusco, R.; Bruno, M.,
Composition of the essential oil from flowerheads of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (Asteraceae) growing wild in Southern Italy,
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. [all data]
Juteau, Jerkovic, et al., 2003
Juteau, F.; Jerkovic, I.; Masotti, V.; Milos, M.; Mastelic, J.; Bessière, J.-M.; Viano, J.,
Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium from Croatia and France,
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. [all data]
Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2003
Mierendorff, H.-G.; Stahl-Biskup, E.; Posthumus, M.A.; van Beek, T.A.,
Composition of commercial Cape chamomile oil (Eriocephalus punctulatus),
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. [all data]
Raal, Arak, et al., 2003
Raal, A.; Arak, E.; Orav, A.; Ivask, K.,
Comparison of essential oil content of Matricaria recutita L. from different origins,
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Das, Ram, et al., 2002
Das, M.; Ram, G.; Singh, A.; Mallavarapu, G.R.; Ramesh, S.; Ram, M.; Kumar, S.,
Volatile constituents of different plant parts of Chamomilla recutita L. Rausch grown in the Indo-Gangetic plains,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 1, 9-12, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1035
. [all data]
Orav, Kailas, et al., 2001
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Ivask, K.,
Volatile constituents of Matricaria recutita L. from Estonia,
Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Chem., 2001, 50, 39-45. [all data]
Bicchi, Binello, et al., 1999
Bicchi, C.; Binello, A.; D'Amato, A.; Rubiolo, P.,
Reliability of Van den Dool retention indices in the analysis of essential oils,
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. [all data]
Kaul, Singh, et al., 1993
Kaul, V.K.; Singh, B.; Sood, R.P.,
Volatile Constituents of the Essential Oil of Tanacetum longifolium Wall.,
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. [all data]
Sharopov, Sulaimonova, et al., 2012
Sharopov, F.S.; Sulaimonova, V.A.; Setzer, W.N.,
Composition of the essential oil of Ertemisia absinthium from Tajikistan,
Rec. Nat. Prod., 2012, 6, 2, 127-134. [all data]
HEuskin, Godin, et al., 2009
HEuskin, S.; Godin, B.; Leroy, P.; Quentin C.; Wathelet, J.-P.; Verheggen, F.; Haubruge, E.; Lognay, G.,
Fast gas chromatography characterization of purified semiochemicals from essential oils of Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) and Nepeta cataria L. (Lamiaceae),
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. [all data]
Judpentienë and Mockutë, 2004
Judpentienë, A.; Mockutë, D.,
Chemical composition of essential oils produced by pink flower inflorescences of wild Achillea millefolium L.,
Chemija, 2004, 15, 28-32. [all data]
Judpentienë and Mockutë, 2004, 2
Judpentienë, A.; Mockutë, D.,
Chemical composition of essential oils of Artemisia absinthium L. (wormwood) growing wild in Vilnius,
Chemija, 2004, 15, 4, 64-68. [all data]
Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A.,
Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]
Mockute and Judzentiene, 2002
Mockute, D.; Judzentiene, A.,
Chemotypes of the essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. ssp. millefolium growing wild in Eastern Lithuania,
Chemija, 2002, 13, 3, 168-173. [all data]
Mockute and Judzentiene, 2002, 2
Mockute, D.; Judzentiene, A.,
Chemical composition of the essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. ssp. millefolium (yarrow) growing wild in Vilnius,
Chemija, 2002, 13, 2, 97-102. [all data]
Weyerstahl, Marschall, et al., 1997
Weyerstahl, P.; Marschall, H.; Seelmann, I.; Rustaiyan, A.,
Constituents of the essential oil of Achillea eriophora DC,
Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 2, 71-78, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199703)12:2<71::AID-FFJ620>3.0.CO;2-E
. [all data]
Notes
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