α-Copaene

Formula: C₁₅H₂₄
Molecular weight: 204.3511
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C15H24/c1-9(2)11-7-8-15(4)12-6-5-10(3)14(15)13(11)12/h5,9,11-14H,6-8H2,1-4H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VLXDPFLIRFYIME-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 3856-25-5
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Stereoisomers:
- Ylangene
- trans-α-Copaene
Other names: Copaene; Tricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene, 1,3-dimethyl-8-(1-methylethyl)-, stereoisomer; Tricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene, 8-isopropyl-1,3-dimethyl-, (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-(-)-; (-)-α-Copaene; Copaen; Tricyclo[4.4.0.0(2,7)]dec-3-ene, 1,3-dimethyl-8-(1-methylethyl)-, st; Aglaiene; Tricyclo[4.4.0.0(2,7)]dec-3-ene, 8-isopropyl-1,3-dimethyl-; Tricyclo[4.4.0.0(2,7)]dec-3-ene, 8-isopropyl-1,3-dimethyl-, (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-; 8-isopropyl-1,3-dimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- Gas Chromatography
Options:
- Switch to calorie-based units

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5MS	HP-5MS	HP-5MS	DB-5	DB-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	60.	30.	25.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	40.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	180.	280.	250.		220.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	2.	3.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)		8.	1.		3.
Final hold (min)	15.	30.	20.
I	1372.	1376.	1394.	1377.	1387.
Reference	Angioni, Barra, et al., 2006	Hazzit, Baaliouamer, et al., 2006	Jalali-Heravi, Zekavat, et al., 2006	Lucero, Fredrickson, et al., 2006	Mevy, Bessiere, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	BP-1	DB-5	SPB-1	DB-5
Column length (m)	25.	25.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		N2		He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.32	0.25	0.32	0.26
Phase thickness (μm)	0.33	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	40.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	220.	210.	240.	246.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	5.	2.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)			2.	4.
Final hold (min)		13.	33.	2.
I	1376.	1379.	1375.	1398.	1377.
Reference	Oliveira, Leitao, et al., 2006	Raina, Verma, et al., 2006	Sylvestre, Pichette, et al., 2006	Walde, Jyothirmayi, et al., 2006	Adams, Morris, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	HP-5MS	DB-5MS	DB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	Helium
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.26	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	246.	250.	240.	255.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	3.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)		10.
Final hold (min)		5.
I	1376.	1378.	1378.	1377.	1378.
Reference	Adams and Nguyen, 2005	Asuming, Beauchamp, et al., 2005	Maia, Andrade, et al., 2005	Medina, Lucero, et al., 2005	Shatar S., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	SPB-5	HP-5	DB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	60.	30.	25.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	1.	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	60.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	230.	200.	260.	180.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	8.	4.	3.	5.	4.
Initial hold (min)				6.	4.
Final hold (min)	4.	30.		15.
I	1380.	1390.	1377.	1374.	1376.
Reference	Ament K., Kant M.R., et al., 2004	Gauvin, Lecomte, et al., 2004	Lopes, Strobl, et al., 2004	Merle, Morón, et al., 2004	Morteza-Semnani, Azadbakht, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5MS	DB-5	CP Sil 8 CB	HP-5MS	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	H2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	50.	70.	70.
T_end (C)	240.	300.	220.	250.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	5.	3.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)			2.	5.	5.
Final hold (min)
I	1376.	1367.	1389.	1367.	1380.
Reference	Palmeira, Moura, et al., 2004	Santos, Lopes, et al., 2004	Schwob, Bessiere, et al., 2004	Siani, Garrido, et al., 2004	Siani, Garrido, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	DB-5	HP-5MS	HP-5	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	50.	25.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25		0.25	1.	0.25
T_start (C)	95.	40.	50.	40.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	280.	280.	250.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	3.	4.	5.	3.
Initial hold (min)		5.	2.	1.
Final hold (min)		5.	10.
I	1375.	1372.	1382.	1407.	1359.
Reference	Velasco-Negueruela, Sanz, et al., 2004	Amparo Blázquez, Pérez, et al., 2003	Baranauskiene, Venskutonis, et al., 2003	Bouzouita, Kachouri, et al., 2003	Couladis, Chinou, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5MS	DB-5	CP Sil 5 CB	HP-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	25.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.15	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	50.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	280.		230.	280.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	3.	3.	0.5
Initial hold (min)					5.
Final hold (min)					10.
I	1351.	1377.	1380.	1364.	1375.
Reference	Gkinis, Tzakou, et al., 2003	Lucero, Estell, et al., 2003	Ogunwande, Olawore, et al., 2003	Özcan, Tzakou, et al., 2003	Viña and Murillo, 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	SPB-1	HP-5	CP Sil 5 CB	HP-5
Column length (m)	25.	30.	30.	25.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25		0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	50.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	225.	200.	230.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	2.	4.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)		2.	1.
Final hold (min)		5.	15.		20.
I	1370.	1366.	1375.	1380.	1376.
Reference	El-Ghorab, Fadel, et al., 2002	Jayaprakasha, Rao, et al., 2002	Juliani and Simon, 2002	Kasali, Adio, et al., 2002	Mita, Tsitsimpikou, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-1	BP-1	Cross-Linked Methylsilicone	HP-5MS	BP-1
Column length (m)	60.	25.	50.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	N2	He	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.32	0.2	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	100.	50.	60.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	280.	250.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	5.	4.	3.	5.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)		15.			13.
I	1373.	1380.	1379.	1376.	1379.
Reference	Raina, Lal, et al., 2002	Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2002	Rajeswara Rao, Kaul, et al., 2002	Salido, Altarejos, et al., 2002	Shawl, Srivastava, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	PTE-5	PTE-5	BP-1	DB-1
Column length (m)	25.	60.	60.	25.	28.
Carrier gas	He	H2	H2	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.20	0.32	0.32	0.55	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.39	0.39	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	60.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	240.	285.	285.	220.	270.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	4.3	4.3	5.	4.5
Initial hold (min)					1.
Final hold (min)				15.
I	1377.	1378.	1380.	1377.	1376.
Reference	Akrout, Chemli, et al., 2001	Gudzic, Dordevic, et al., 2001	Gudzic, Dordevic, et al., 2001	Jain, Aggarwal, et al., 2001	Nagalakshmi, Thangadurai, et al., 2001
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	HP-1	DB-1	HP-5	DB-1
Column length (m)	50.	50.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	80.	100.	40.	60.	80.
T_end (C)	225.	250.	260.	280.	225.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	5.	2.	3.	4.
Initial hold (min)		7.	5.
Final hold (min)			20.
I	1366.	1377.	1367.	1376.	1363.
Reference	Palá-Paúl, Velasco-Negueruela, et al., 2001	Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2001	Senatore and Rigano, 2001	Tzakou and Couladis, 2001	Abella, Cortella, et al., 2000
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	SE-54	DB-5	Methyl Silicone	SE-30
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	25.
Carrier gas	He		He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.32	0.22
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	60.	70.
T_end (C)	240.	246.	246.	225.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	3.	2.	5.
Initial hold (min)				2.
Final hold (min)				5.
I	1376.	1376.	1376.	1381.	1372.
Reference	Adams, 2000	Adams, 2000, 2	Adams, 2000, 3	Jayaprakasha, Rao, et al., 2000	Kardali, Velasco-Negueruela, et al., 2000
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-1	HP-5MS	DB-5	DB-5	SPB-1
Column length (m)	25.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	He		He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.50	0.25	0.32	0.26	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25		0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	50.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	220.	280.	250.	246.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	3.	3.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)			5.		3.
Final hold (min)	10.				5.
I	1380.	1376.	1381.	1376.	1378.
Reference	Rao, Sastry, et al., 2000	Roussis, Tsoukatou, et al., 2000	Tzakou, Harvala, et al., 2000	Adams, 1999	John, Rao, et al., 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	OV-101	DB-5	DB-5	HP-5MS	DB-5
Column length (m)	25.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas				He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)				0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	60.	70.	60.
T_end (C)	200.	240.	240.	250.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	3.	3.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)				5.
Final hold (min)
I	1384.	1376.	1376.	1370.	1377.
Reference	Kuiate, Zollo, et al., 1999	Lopes, Kato, et al., 1999	Lopes, Kato, et al., 1999	Siani, Ramos, et al., 1999	da Silva, Andrade, et al., 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	Methyl Silicone	BP-1	DB-1	BPX-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	25.	30.	50.
Carrier gas	He	He	N2	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.23	0.22
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25			0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	50.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	250.	220.	200.	185.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	2.	5.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)		2.			10.
Final hold (min)		5.
I	1375.	1360.	1378.	1362.	1375.
Reference	da Silva, Zoghbi, et al., 1999	Adegoke, Rao, et al., 1998	Kulkarni, Mallavarapu, et al., 1998	Fiorini, Fourasté, et al., 1997	Fournier, Hadjiakhoondi, et al., 1997
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SPB-1	DB-5	OV-101	SE-30	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	50.	25.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	N2	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.2
T_start (C)	60.	60.	80.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	250.	240.	200.	180.	210.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	3.	2.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)	2.			10.	2.
Final hold (min)	5.		60.	1.	120.
I	1388.	1376.	1380.	1365.	1375.
Reference	Jayaprakasha, Jaganmohan Rao, et al., 1997	Tellez, Estell, et al., 1997	Padrayuttawat, Tamura, et al., 1996	Jantan, Ali, et al., 1995	Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-5	OV-101	DB-1	SPB-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	25.	28.	50.
Carrier gas				He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)			0.25	0.25	0.20
Phase thickness (μm)				0.25
T_start (C)	40.	40.	50.	50.	35.
T_end (C)	210.	210.	200.	270.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	5.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)	2.	2.		1.	5.
Final hold (min)	120.	120.			20.
I	1374.	1374.	1376.	1376.	1370.
Reference	Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995	Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995	Menut, Lamaty, et al., 1995	Saad, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1995	Wong and Tie, 1993
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary
Active phase	BP-1
Column length (m)	50.
Carrier gas	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.33
Phase thickness (μm)
T_start (C)	65.
T_end (C)	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.
Initial hold (min)	2.
Final hold (min)
I	1388.
Reference	Ekundayo, Laakso, et al., 1988
Comment	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Angioni, Barra, et al., 2006
Angioni, A.; Barra, A.; Coroneo, V.; Dessi, S.; Cabras, P., Chemical composition, seasonal variability, and antifungal activity of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas essential oils from stem/leaves and flowers, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 12, 4364-4370, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0603329 . [all data]

Hazzit, Baaliouamer, et al., 2006
Hazzit, M.; Baaliouamer, A.; Faleiro, M.L.; Miguel, M.G., Composition of the Essential Oils of Thymus and Origanum Species from Algeria and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 17, 6314-6321, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0606104 . [all data]

Jalali-Heravi, Zekavat, et al., 2006
Jalali-Heravi, M.; Zekavat, B.; Sereshti, H., Characterization of essential oil components of Iranian geranium oil using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometric resolution techniques, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1114, 1, 154-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.034 . [all data]

Lucero, Fredrickson, et al., 2006
Lucero, M.E.; Fredrickson, E.L.; Estell, R.E.; Morrison, A.A.; Richman, D.B., Volatile Composition of Gutierrezia sarothrae (Broom Snakeweed) as Determined by Steam Distillation and Solid Phase Microextraction, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2006, 18, 2, 121-125, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2006.9699039 . [all data]

Mevy, Bessiere, et al., 2006
Mevy, J.P.; Bessiere, J.M.; Rabier, J.; Dherbomez, M.; Ruzzier, M.; Millogo, J.; Viano, J., Composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 80-83, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1511 . [all data]

Oliveira, Leitao, et al., 2006
Oliveira, D.R.; Leitao, G.G.; Santos, S.S.; Bizzo, H.R.; Lopes, D.; Alviano, C.S.; Alviano, D.S.; Leitao, S.G., Ethnopharmacological study of two Lippia species from Oriximina, Brazil, J. Ethnopharmacol., 2006, 108, 1, 103-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.018 . [all data]

Raina, Verma, et al., 2006
Raina, V.K.; Verma, S.C.; Dhawan, S.; Khan, M.; Ramesh, S.; Singh, S.C.; Yadav, A.; Srivastava, S.K., Essential oil composition of Murraya exotica from the plains of northern India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 140-142, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1547 . [all data]

Sylvestre, Pichette, et al., 2006
Sylvestre, M.; Pichette, A.; Longtin, A.; Nagau, F.; Legault, J., Essential oil analysis and anticancer activity of leaf essential oil of Croton flavens L. from Guadeloupe, J. Ethnopharmacol., 2006, 103, 1, 99-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.011 . [all data]

Walde, Jyothirmayi, et al., 2006
Walde, S.G.; Jyothirmayi, T.; Prabhakara Rao, P.G.; Srinivas, P., Flavour volatiles of flowers and stalks of Murraya koenigii L., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 4, 581-584, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1737 . [all data]

Adams, Morris, et al., 2005
Adams, R.P.; Morris, J.A.; Pandey, R.N.; Schwarzbach, A.E., Cryptic speciation between Juniperus deltoides and Juniperus oxycedrus (Cupressaceae) in the Mediterranean, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 8, 771-787, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2005.01.001 . [all data]

Adams and Nguyen, 2005
Adams, R.P.; Nguyen, S., Infra-specific variation in Juniperus deppeana and F. Sperryi in the Davis Mountains of Texas: variation in leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAS (RAPDS), Phytologia, 2005, 87, 2, 96-108. [all data]

Asuming, Beauchamp, et al., 2005
Asuming, W.A.; Beauchamp, P.S.; Descalzo, J.T.; Dev, B.C.; Dev, V.; Frost, S.; Ma, C.W., Essential oil composition of four Lomatium Raf. species and their chemotaxonomy, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 1, 17-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.06.005 . [all data]

Maia, Andrade, et al., 2005
Maia, J.G.S.; Andrade, E.H.A.; da Silva, A.C.M.; Oliveira, J.; Carreira, L.M.M.; Araújo, J.S., Leaf volatile oils from four Brazilian Xylopia species, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 5, 474-477, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1499 . [all data]

Medina, Lucero, et al., 2005
Medina, A.L.; Lucero, M.E.; Holguin, F.O.; Estell, R.E.; Posakony, J.J.; Simon, J.; O'Connell, M.A., Composition and antimicrobial activity of Anemopsis californica leaf oil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 22, 8694-8698, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0511244 . [all data]

Shatar S., 2005
Shatar S., Essential oil of Ferula ferulaoides from Western Mongolia, Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2005, 41, 5, 607-608, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-005-0222-8 . [all data]

Ament K., Kant M.R., et al., 2004
Ament K.; Kant M.R.; Sabelis M.W.; Haring M.A.; Schuurink R.C., Differential timing of spider mite-induced direct and indirect defenses in tomato plants, Plant Physiol., 2004, 135, 1, 483-495, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.038315 . [all data]

Gauvin, Lecomte, et al., 2004
Gauvin, A.; Lecomte, H.; Smadja, J., Comparative investigations of the essential oils of two scented geranium (Pelargonium spp.) cultivars grown on Reunion Island, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 5, 455-460, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1354 . [all data]

Lopes, Strobl, et al., 2004
Lopes, D.; Strobl, H.; Kolodziejczyk, P., 14-Methylpentadecano-15-lactone (Muscolide): a new macrocyclic lactone from the oil of Angelica archangelica L., Chemistry and Biodiversity, 2004, 1, 12, 1880-1887, https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200490144 . [all data]

Merle, Morón, et al., 2004
Merle, H.; Morón, M.; Blázquez, A.; Boira, H., Taxonomical contribution of essential oils in mandarins cultivars, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2004, 32, 5, 491-497, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2003.09.010 . [all data]

Morteza-Semnani, Azadbakht, et al., 2004
Morteza-Semnani, K.; Azadbakht, M.; Goodarzi, A., The essential oils composition of Phlomis herba-venti L. leaves and flowers of Iranian origin, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 1, 29-31, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1268 . [all data]

Palmeira, Moura, et al., 2004
Palmeira, S.F., Jr.; Moura, F.S.; Alves, V.L.; de Oliveira, F.M.; Bento, E.S.; Conserva, L.M.; Andrade, E.H.A., Neutral components from hexane extracts of Croton sellowii, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 1, 69-71, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1298 . [all data]

Santos, Lopes, et al., 2004
Santos, A.P.; Lopes, M.C.; Limberger, R.P.; Apel, M.A.; Henriques, A.T.; Moreno, P.R.H., Analysis of the volatile oil from Pilocarpus pennatifolius Lemmaire (Rutaceae) leaves by GC-MS, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 4, 325-326, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1306 . [all data]

Schwob, Bessiere, et al., 2004
Schwob, I.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Masotti, V.; Viano, J., Changes in essential oil composition in Saint John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) aerial parts during its phenological cycle, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2004, 32, 8, 735-745, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2003.12.005 . [all data]

Siani, Garrido, et al., 2004
Siani, A.C.; Garrido, I.S.; Monteiro, S.S.; Carvalho, E.S.; Ramos, M.F.S., Protium icicariba as a source of volatile essences, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2004, 32, 5, 477-489, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2003.11.003 . [all data]

Velasco-Negueruela, Sanz, et al., 2004
Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Sanz, J.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; Palá-Paúl, J., The volatile components of the aerial parts of Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. melissophyllum gathered in Spain, Botanica Complutensis, 2004, 28, 133-136. [all data]

Amparo Blázquez, Pérez, et al., 2003
Amparo Blázquez, M.; Pérez, I.; Boira, H., Essential oil analysis of Teucrium libanitis and T. turredanum by GC and GC-MS, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 6, 497-501, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1256 . [all data]

Baranauskiene, Venskutonis, et al., 2003
Baranauskiene, R.; Venskutonis, P.R.; Viskelis, P.; Dambrauskiene, E., Influence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 26, 7751-7758, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0303316 . [all data]

Bouzouita, Kachouri, et al., 2003
Bouzouita, N.; Kachouri, F.; Hamdi, M.; Chaabouni, M.M., Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Tunisian aromatic plants, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 5, 380-383, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1200 . [all data]

Couladis, Chinou, et al., 2003
Couladis, M.; Chinou, I.B.; Tzakou, O.; Petrakis, P.V., Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hypericum rumeliacum subsp. apollinis (Boiss. Heldr.), Phytother. Res., 2003, 17, 2, 152-154, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1093 . [all data]

Gkinis, Tzakou, et al., 2003
Gkinis, G.; Tzakou, O.; Iliopoulou, D.; Roussis, V., Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Nepeta parnassica Oils and Isolated Nepetalactones, Z. Naturforsch. C:, 2003, 58, 681-686. [all data]

Lucero, Estell, et al., 2003
Lucero, M.E.; Estell, R.E.; Frederickson, E.L., The essential oil composition of Psorothamnus scoparius (A. Gray) Rydb., J. Essent. Oil Res., 2003, 15, 2, 108-111, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2003.9712083 . [all data]

Ogunwande, Olawore, et al., 2003
Ogunwande, I.A.; Olawore, N.O.; Adeleke, K.A.; Ekundayo, O.; Koenig, W.A., Chemical composition of the leaf volatile oil of Psidium guajava L. growing in Nigeria, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 2, 136-138, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1175 . [all data]

Özcan, Tzakou, et al., 2003
Özcan, M.; Tzakou, O.; Couladis, M., Essential oil composition of Turkish herbal tea (Salvia aucheri Bentham var. canescens Boiss. Heldr.), Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 4, 325-327, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1229 . [all data]

Viña and Murillo, 2003
Viña, A.; Murillo, E., Essential oil composition from twelve varieties of basil (Ocimum spp) grown in Columbia, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2003, 14, 5, 744-749, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532003000500008 . [all data]

El-Ghorab, Fadel, et al., 2002
El-Ghorab, A.H.; Fadel, H.M.; El-Massry, K.F., The Egyptian Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. brevirostris: chemical compositions of the fruit volatile oil and antioxidant activity, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 4, 306-312, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1085 . [all data]

Jayaprakasha, Rao, et al., 2002
Jayaprakasha, G.K.; Rao, L.J.; Sakariah, K.K., Chemical composition of volatile oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum buds, Z. Naturforsch. C:, 2002, 57c, 990-993, retrieved from http://www.znaturforsch.com/57c/s57c0990.pdf. [all data]

Juliani and Simon, 2002
Juliani, H.R.; Simon, J.E., Antioxidant acitivity of basil in Trends in new crops and new uses, Janick,J.; Whipkey,A., ed(s)., ASHA Press, Alexandria, Va, 2002, 575-579. [all data]

Kasali, Adio, et al., 2002
Kasali, A.A.; Adio, A.M.; Oyedeji, A.O.; Eshilokun, A.O.; Adefenwa, M., Volatile constituents of Boswellia serrata Roxb. (Burseraceae) bark, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 6, 462-464, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1124 . [all data]

Mita, Tsitsimpikou, et al., 2002
Mita, E.; Tsitsimpikou, C.; Tsiveleka, L.; Petrakis, P.V.; Ortiz, A.; Vagias, C.; Roussis, V., Seasonal Variation of Oleoresin Terpenoids from Pinus halepensis and Pinus pinea and Host Selection of the Scale Insect Marchalina hellenica (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Margarodidae, Coelostonidiinae), Holzforschung, 2002, 56, 6, 572-578, https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2002.087 . [all data]

Raina, Lal, et al., 2002
Raina, V.K.; Lal, R.K.; Tripathi, S.; Khan, M.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Srivastava, S.K., Erratum. Essential oil composition of genetically diverse stocks of Murraya koenigii from India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 404, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1139 . [all data]

Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2002
Raina, V.K.; Srivastava, S.K.; Syamasunder, K.V., The essential oil of 'greater galangal' [Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.] from the lower Himalayan region of India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 358-360, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1105 . [all data]

Rajeswara Rao, Kaul, et al., 2002
Rajeswara Rao, B.R.; Kaul, P.N.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Ramesh, S., Water soluble fractions of rose scented geranium (Pelargonium species) essential oil, Bioresour. Technol., 2002, 84, 3, 243-246, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00057-3 . [all data]

Salido, Altarejos, et al., 2002
Salido, S.; Altarejos, J.; Nogueras, M.; Sánchez, A.; Pannecouque, C.; Witvrouw, M.; De Clercq, E., Chemical studies of essential oils of Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. badia, J. Ethnopharmacol., 2002, 81, 1, 129-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00045-4 . [all data]

Shawl, Srivastava, et al., 2002
Shawl, A.S.; Srivastava, S.K.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Tripathi, S.; Raina, V.K., Essential oil composition of Achillea millefolium L. growing wild in Kashmir, India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 3, 165-168, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1074 . [all data]

Akrout, Chemli, et al., 2001
Akrout, A.; Chemli, R.; Chreïf, I.; Hammami, M., Analysis of the essential oil of Artemisia campestris L., Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 5, 337-339, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1006 . [all data]

Gudzic, Dordevic, et al., 2001
Gudzic, B.; Dordevic, S.; Palic, R.; Stojanovic, G., Essential oils of Hypericum olympicum L. and Hypericum perforatum L., Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 3, 201-203, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.978 . [all data]

Jain, Aggarwal, et al., 2001
Jain, N.; Aggarwal, K.K.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Srivastava, S.K.; Kumar, S., Essential oil composition of geranium (Pelargonium sp.) from the plains of Northern India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 1, 44-46, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200101/02)16:1<44::AID-FFJ943>3.0.CO;2-X . [all data]

Nagalakshmi, Thangadurai, et al., 2001
Nagalakshmi, M.A.H.; Thangadurai, D.; Anuradha, T.; Pullaiah, T., Essential oil constituents of Melia dubia, a wild relative of Azadirachta indica growing in the Eastern Ghats of Peninsular India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 4, 241-244, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.986 . [all data]

Palá-Paúl, Velasco-Negueruela, et al., 2001
Palá-Paúl, J.; Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; Sanz, J., Analysis of the volatile components of Argyranthemum adauctum (Link.) Humphries by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2001, 923, 1-2, 295-298, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01003-2 . [all data]

Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2001
Raina, V.K.; Srivastava, S.K.; Aggarwal, K.K.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Kumar, S., Essential oil composition of Syzygium aromaticum leaf from Little Andaman, India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 5, 334-336, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1005 . [all data]

Senatore and Rigano, 2001
Senatore, F.; Rigano, D., Essential oil of two Lippia spp. (Verbenaceae) growing wild in Guatemala, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 3, 169-171, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.972 . [all data]

Tzakou and Couladis, 2001
Tzakou, O.; Couladis, M., The essential oil of Micromeria graeca (L.) Bentham et Reichenb. growing in Greece, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 2, 107-109, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.955 . [all data]

Abella, Cortella, et al., 2000
Abella, L.; Cortella, A.R.; Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J., Ethnobotany, volatile oils and secretion tissues of Werneria poposa from Argentina, Pharm. Biol., 2000, 38, 3, 197-203, https://doi.org/10.1076/1388-0209(200007)3831-SFT197 . [all data]

Adams, 2000
Adams, R.P., Systematics of Juniperus section Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 6, 515-528, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00089-7 . [all data]

Adams, 2000, 2
Adams, R.P., Systematics of the one seeded Juniperus of the eastern hemisphere based on leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 6, 529-543, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00096-4 . [all data]

Adams, 2000, 3
Adams, R.P., The serrate leaf margined Juniperus (Section Sabina) of the western hemisphere: systematics and evolution based on leaf essential oils and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 10, 975-989, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(00)00022-3 . [all data]

Jayaprakasha, Rao, et al., 2000
Jayaprakasha, G.K.; Rao, L.J.M.; Sakariah, K.K., Chemical composition of the flower oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 9, 4294-4295, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991395c . [all data]

Kardali, Velasco-Negueruela, et al., 2000
Kardali, M.; Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Pérez-Alonso, M., Essential Oil Constituents of Sideritis ibanyezii Pau, Botanica Complutensis, 2000, 24, 101-106. [all data]

Rao, Sastry, et al., 2000
Rao, B.R.R.; Sastry, K.P.; Saleem, S.M.; Rao, E.V.S.P.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Ramesh, S., Volatile flower oils of three genotypes of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.), Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 2, 105-107, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(200003/04)15:2<105::AID-FFJ875>3.0.CO;2-G . [all data]

Roussis, Tsoukatou, et al., 2000
Roussis, V.; Tsoukatou, M.; Petrakis, P.V.; Chinou, I.; Skoula, M.; Harborne, J.B., Volatile constituents of four Helichrysum species growing in Greece, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 2, 163-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00046-0 . [all data]

Tzakou, Harvala, et al., 2000
Tzakou, O.; Harvala, C.; Galati, E.M.; Sanogo, R., Essential oil composition of Nepeta argolica Borey et Chaub. subsp. argolica, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 2, 115-118, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(200003/04)15:2<115::AID-FFJ877>3.0.CO;2-9 . [all data]

Adams, 1999
Adams, R.P., Systematics of multi-seeded eastern hemisphere Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and RAPD DNA fingerprinting, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1999, 27, 7, 709-725, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00016-2 . [all data]

John, Rao, et al., 1999
John, K.S.; Rao, L.J.M.; Bhat, S.G.; Rao, U.J.S.P., Characterization of aroma components of sap from different Indian mango varieties, Phytochemistry, 1999, 52, 5, 891-894, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00296-4 . [all data]

Kuiate, Zollo, et al., 1999
Kuiate, J.-R.; Zollo, P.-H.A.; Lamaty, G.; Menut, C.; Bessière, J.-M., Composition of the essential oils from the leaves of two varieties of Aspilia africana (Pers.) C. D. Adams from Cameroon, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 3, 167-169, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199905/06)14:3<167::AID-FFJ802>3.0.CO;2-O . [all data]

Lopes, Kato, et al., 1999
Lopes, N.P.; Kato, M.J.; Andrade, E.H.A.; Maia, J.G.S.; Yoshida, M.; Planchart, A.R.; Katzin, A.M., Antimalarial use of volatile oil from leaves of Virola surinamensis (Rol.) Warb. by Waiãpi Amazon Indians, J. Ethnopharmacol., 1999, 67, 3, 313-319, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00072-0 . [all data]

Siani, Ramos, et al., 1999
Siani, A.C.; Ramos, M.F.S.; Menezes-de-Lima, O., Jr.; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, R.; Fernadez-Ferreira, E.; Soares, R.O.A.; Rosas, E.C.; Susunaga, G.S.; Guimarães, A.C.; Zoghbi, M.G.B.; Henriques, M.G.M.O., Evaluation of anti-inflammatory-related activity of essential oils from the leaves and resin of species of Protium, J. Ethnopharmacol., 1999, 66, 1, 57-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00148-2 . [all data]

da Silva, Andrade, et al., 1999
da Silva, M.H.L.; Andrade, E.H.A.; Zoghbi, M.G.B.; Luz, A.I.R.; da Silva, J.D.; Maia, J.G.S., The essential oils of Lantana camara L. occurring in North Brazil, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 4, 208-210, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199907/08)14:4<208::AID-FFJ811>3.0.CO;2-F . [all data]

da Silva, Zoghbi, et al., 1999
da Silva, M.H.L.; Zoghbi, M.G.B.; Andrade, E.H.A.; Maia, J.G.S., The essential oils of Peperomia pellucida Kunth and P. circinnata link var. circinnata, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 5, 312-314, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199909/10)14:5<312::AID-FFJ835>3.0.CO;2-B . [all data]

Adegoke, Rao, et al., 1998
Adegoke, G.O.; Rao, L.J.M.; Shankaracharya, N.B., A comparison of the essential oils of Aframomum daniellii (Hook. f.) K. Schum. and Amomum subulatum Roxb, Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 5, 349-352, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(1998090)13:5<349::AID-FFJ758>3.0.CO;2-O . [all data]

Kulkarni, Mallavarapu, et al., 1998
Kulkarni, R.N.; Mallavarapu, G.R.; Baskaran, K.; Ramesch, S.; Kumar, S., Composition of the essential oils of two isomenthone-rich variants of geranium (Pelargonium sp.), Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 6, 389-392, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199811/12)13:6<389::AID-FFJ757>3.0.CO;2-2 . [all data]

Fiorini, Fourasté, et al., 1997
Fiorini, C.; Fourasté, I.; David, B.; Bessière, J.M., Composition of the flower, leaf, and stem essential oils from Laurus nobilis L., Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 2, 91-93, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199703)12:2<91::AID-FFJ623>3.0.CO;2-3 . [all data]

Fournier, Hadjiakhoondi, et al., 1997
Fournier, G.; Hadjiakhoondi, A.; Leboeuf, M.; Cavé, A.; Charles, B., Essential oils of annonaceae. Part VII. Essential oils of Monanthotaxis declina (Sprague) verdcourt and Unonopsis guatterioides R. E. Fries, Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 2, 95-98, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199703)12:2<95::AID-FFJ611>3.0.CO;2-Z . [all data]

Jayaprakasha, Jaganmohan Rao, et al., 1997
Jayaprakasha, G.K.; Jaganmohan Rao, L.; Sakariah, K.K., Chemical composition of the volatile oil from the fruits of Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume, Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 5, 331-333, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199709/10)12:5<331::AID-FFJ663>3.0.CO;2-X . [all data]

Tellez, Estell, et al., 1997
Tellez, M.R.; Estell, R.E.; Fredrickson, E.L.; Havstad, K.M., Essential oil of Dyssodia acerosa DC., J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 8, 3276-3278, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9701502 . [all data]

Padrayuttawat, Tamura, et al., 1996
Padrayuttawat, A.; Tamura, H.; Yamao, M., A split injection system for the analysis of purge and trap headspace of the volatile components in Citrus sudachi, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1996, 19, 6, 365-369, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190613 . [all data]

Jantan, Ali, et al., 1995
Jantan, I.; Ali, N.A.M.; Ahmad, A.S.; Ahmad, A.R., Constituents of the essential oil of Leptospermum javanicum blume from peninsular Malaysia, Flavour Fragr. J., 1995, 10, 4, 255-258, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2730100406 . [all data]

Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995
Loayza, I.; Abujder, D.; Aranda, R.; Jakupovic, J.; Collin, G.; Deslauriers, H.; Jean, F.-I., Essential oils of Baccharis salicifolia, B. latifolia and B. dracunculifolia, Phytochemistry, 1995, 38, 2, 381-389, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00628-7 . [all data]

Menut, Lamaty, et al., 1995
Menut, C.; Lamaty, G.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Seuleiman, A.M.; Fendero, P.; Maidou, E.; Denamganai, J., Aromatic Plants of Tropical Central Africa. XXI. Chemical Composition of Bark Essential Oil of Guarea cedrata (A. Chev.) Pellegr. from Central African Republic, J. Essent. Oil Res., 1995, 7, 2, 207-209, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698502 . [all data]

Saad, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1995
Saad, H.-E.A.; El-Sharkawy, S.H.; Halim, A.F., Essential oils of Daucus carota ssp. maximus, Pharm. Acta Helv., 1995, 70, 1, 79-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-6865(94)00054-Y . [all data]

Wong and Tie, 1993
Wong, K.C.; Tie, D.Y., The Essential Oil of the Leaves of Murraya koenigii Spreng., J. Essent. Oil Res., 1993, 5, 4, 371-374, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698245 . [all data]

Ekundayo, Laakso, et al., 1988
Ekundayo, O.; Laakso, I.; Adegbola, R.-M.; Oguntimein, B.; Sofowora, A.; Hiltunen, R., Essential oil constituents of Ashanti pepper (Piper guineense) fruits (berries), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 5, 880-882, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00083a001 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, References

Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.