trans-β-Ocimene

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase HP-InnowaxHP-InnowaxFFAPRTX-WaxBP-20
Column length (m) 60.30.60.60. 
Carrier gas HeliumHeliumHeliumHeliumNitrogen
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.250.250.22 
Phase thickness (μm) 0.250.250.250.25 
Tstart (C) 60.50.45.60.60.
Tend (C) 220.250.220.230.200.
Heat rate (K/min) 5.5.5.2.5.
Initial hold (min) 1.5.1.  
Final hold (min) 5.10.5.30. 
I 1258.1266.1237.1224.1250.
ReferenceFeng, Cui, et al., 2011Menichini, Tundis, et al., 2011Piyachaiseth, Jirapakkul, et al., 2011Dib, Djabou, et al., 2010Mishra, Chaudhary, et al., 2010
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase DB-WaxDB-WaxSupelcowax 10RTX-WaxDB-Wax
Column length (m) 15.30.30.60.60.
Carrier gas HeliumHeliumHeliumHeliumHelium
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.250.250.220.25
Phase thickness (μm) 0.250.250.250.250.25
Tstart (C) 40.80.50.60.50.
Tend (C) 260.240.200.230.220.
Heat rate (K/min) 4.3.5.2.3.
Initial hold (min)     2.
Final hold (min) 5.2. 30.70.
I 1247.1250.1250.1239.1252.
ReferenceMiyazawa, Kawauchi, et al., 2010Vahirua-Lechat, Mitermite, et al., 2010Koba, Catherine, et al., 2009Museli, Pau, et al., 2009Shimizu, Imayoshi, et al., 2009
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase HP-InnowaxHP-InnowaxCP-Wax 52CBTC-FFAPCarbowax 20M
Column length (m) 30.30.30. 30.
Carrier gas NitrogenN2HeHeHe
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.250.320.250.25
Phase thickness (μm) 0.520.250.250.250.25
Tstart (C) 35.50.40.60.60.
Tend (C) 205.240.220.220.230.
Heat rate (K/min) 3.5.3.3.3.
Initial hold (min) 10.1.1.  
Final hold (min) 10.4.2.30. 
I 1266.1251.1257.1262.1209.
ReferenceWannes, Mhamdi, et al., 2009Cheraif, Ben Jannet, et al., 2007Hymete, Rohloff, et al., 2007Kurose, Okamura, et al., 2007Limberger, Scopel, et al., 2007
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase FFAPDB-WaxSupelcowax-10Supelcowax-10Supelcowax-10
Column length (m) 30.60.30.30.30.
Carrier gas N2He  He
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.320.320.250.250.25
Phase thickness (μm) 0.50.250.250.250.25
Tstart (C) 35.70.40.40.40.
Tend (C) 320.220.210.250.250.
Heat rate (K/min) 4.4.2.2.3.
Initial hold (min) 5.   5.
Final hold (min) 45. 33.33.10.
I 1263.1249.1267.1257.1254.
ReferenceNebesny, Budryn, et al., 2007Pala-Paul, Brophy, et al., 2007Sylvestre, Longtin, et al., 2007Sylvestre, Pichette, et al., 2007Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2007
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase InnowaxInnowaxBP-20DB-WaxSupelcowax 10
Column length (m) 30.30.50.60.30.
Carrier gas N2N2 HeHelium
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.250.220.250.20
Phase thickness (μm) 0.250.250.250.50.20
Tstart (C) 50.50.60.50.70.
Tend (C) 280.280.220.230.220.
Heat rate (K/min) 9.9.2.3.3.
Initial hold (min) 3.3. 2. 
Final hold (min) 3.3.20.20.15.
I 1249.1251.1250.1250.1250.
ReferenceAbdelwahed, Hayder, et al., 2006Abdelwahed, Hayder, et al., 2006Boti, Yao, et al., 2006Cai, Lin, et al., 2006Cavaleiro, Pinto, et al., 2006
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase BP-20BP-20FFAPDB-WaxSupelcowax
Column length (m) 50.50.20.60.30.
Carrier gas HeHeHe N2
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.220.220.250.250.32
Phase thickness (μm) 0.250.250.250.250.25
Tstart (C) 60.60.90.70.50.
Tend (C) 220.220.250.230.200.
Heat rate (K/min) 2.2.6.2.5.
Initial hold (min)    2. 
Final hold (min) 20.20. 20. 
I 1247.1247.1275.1247.1258.
ReferenceFanciullino, Tomi, et al., 2006Fanciullino, Tomi, et al., 2006Kitchlu, Bakshi, et al., 2006Lan Phi N.T., Nishiyama C., et al., 2006Martin, Joseph, et al., 2006
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase Supelcowax-10Supelcowax-10Carbowax 20MHP-InnowaxSupelcowax
Column length (m) 30.30.60.30.60.
Carrier gas HeHeN2HeHe
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.250.250.250.2
Phase thickness (μm) 0.250.250.250.170.2
Tstart (C) 50.50.40.60.60.
Tend (C) 220.250.190.210.230.
Heat rate (K/min) 4.4.10.4.4.
Initial hold (min) 1.1.2.3.30.
Final hold (min) 10.10.15.15. 
I 1252.1267.1257.1259.1228.
ReferenceWong, Lim, et al., 2006Wong, Sivasothy, et al., 2006Babu and Kaul, 2005Ferretti, Maggi, et al., 2005Gauvin and Smadja, 2005
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase StabilwaxStabilwaxHP-20MDB-WaxCP-Wax 52CB
Column length (m) 30.30.50.60.30.
Carrier gas H2 HeliumN2He
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.320.320.200.250.32
Phase thickness (μm) 0.50.50.200.250.25
Tstart (C) 40.40.70.70.40.
Tend (C) 280.280.180.230.220.
Heat rate (K/min) 6.6.4.2.4.
Initial hold (min) 5.5.4.2.1.
Final hold (min) 5.5.10.20. 
I 1252.1251.1235.1267.1250.
ReferenceJirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005, 2Kulisic, Radonic, et al., 2005Njoroge, Koaze, et al., 2005Rohloff and Bones, 2005
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase Supelcowax-10Supelcowax-10Supelcowax-10DB-WaxBP-20
Column length (m) 30.30.30.30.50.
Carrier gas   HeHe 
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.250.250.250.22
Phase thickness (μm) 0.250.250.250.250.25
Tstart (C) 40.40.50.90.60.
Tend (C) 210.220.220.220.220.
Heat rate (K/min) 2.3.4.7.2.
Initial hold (min) 2.5.3.2. 
Final hold (min) 33.10.30.5.20.
I 1263.1254.1257.1290.1244.
ReferenceStevanovic, Garneau, et al., 2005Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2005Wong, Lee, et al., 2005Agnihotri, Thappa, et al., 2004Blanc, Muselli, et al., 2004
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase Supelcowax-10Supelcowax-10DB-WaxDB-WaxSupelcowax-10
Column length (m) 60.30.60.60.30.
Carrier gas HeN2HeHe 
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.20.250.250.250.25
Phase thickness (μm) 0.20.25  0.25
Tstart (C) 60.40.60.60.40.
Tend (C) 200.230.220.220.210.
Heat rate (K/min) 4.2.2.2.2.
Initial hold (min)   4.4.2.
Final hold (min) 40.   33.
I 1226.1254.1250.1250.1208.
ReferenceGauvin, Ravaomanarivo, et al., 2004González, Guerra, et al., 2004Jiang and Kubota, 2004Jiang and Kubota, 2004Lopez Arze, Collin, et al., 2004
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase Innowax FSCDB-WaxInnowaxNB-20MSW-10
Column length (m) 60.60.50.50.50.
Carrier gas HeliumHeHeHeHe
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.320.20.20.20
Phase thickness (μm)  0.250.20.250.25
Tstart (C) 60.35.70.50.50.
Tend (C) 220.220.220.250.230.
Heat rate (K/min) 4.3.4.2.2.
Initial hold (min) 10.    
Final hold (min)      
I 1266.1250.1264.1248.1240.
ReferenceLourens, Reddy, et al., 2004Palá-Paúl, Brophy, et al., 2004Palá-Paúl, García-Jiménez, et al., 2004Raal, Arak, et al., 2004Raal, Paaver, et al., 2004
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase Supelcowax-10HP-20MSupelcowax-10Carbowax 20MSW-10
Column length (m) 30.50.50.50.50.
Carrier gas HeHeHeN2He
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.20.20.250.20
Phase thickness (μm) 0.250.20.250.250.25
Tstart (C) 60.70.70.90.50.
Tend (C) 240.180.230.220.250.
Heat rate (K/min) 4.4.2.3.2.
Initial hold (min)  4.   
Final hold (min)  10.   
I 1250.1248.1250.1252.1249.
ReferenceCabanillas, Lopez, et al., 2003Mastelic and Jerkovic, 2003Orav, Kailas, et al., 2003Priestap, van Baren, et al., 2003Raal, Arak, et al., 2003
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase HP-InnowaxHP-InnowaxHP-InnowaxDB-WaxDB-Wax
Column length (m) 50.50.50.60.60.
Carrier gas    N2N2
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.20.20.20.250.25
Phase thickness (μm) 0.20.20.20.250.25
Tstart (C) 50.50.50.70.70.
Tend (C) 220.220.220.230.230.
Heat rate (K/min) 4.4.4.2.2.
Initial hold (min) 5.5.5.2.2.
Final hold (min)    20.20.
I 1250.1250.1249.1240.1243.
ReferenceStashenko, Jaramillo, et al., 2003Stashenko, Jaramillo, et al., 2003Stashenko, Jaramillo, et al., 2003Tu, Onishi, et al., 2003Tu, Onishi, et al., 2003, 2
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase HP-InnowaxRTX-WaxDB-WaxSupelcowax-10DB-Wax
Column length (m) 50.60.60.60.30.
Carrier gas HeHeH2HeHe
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.20.250.320.20.25
Phase thickness (μm) 0.20.50.250.50.25
Tstart (C) 70.40.40.70.50.
Tend (C) 190.180.245.220.220.
Heat rate (K/min) 5.5.1.52.4.
Initial hold (min)  5.  4.
Final hold (min)  20.20. 20.
I 1255.1251.1243.1250.1249.
ReferenceVelasco-Negueruela, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2003Galindo-Cuspinera, Lubran, et al., 2002Gancel, Ollé, et al., 2002Orav, Kailas, et al., 2002Osorio, Duque, et al., 2002
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase DB-WaxHP-WaxDB-WaxDB-WaxDB-Wax
Column length (m) 30.50.60.60.60.
Carrier gas HeN2N2HeHe
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.250.250.250.25
Phase thickness (μm) 0.250.250.250.250.25
Tstart (C) 50.75.70.40.45.
Tend (C) 220.220.230.200.240.
Heat rate (K/min) 4.3.2.2.3.
Initial hold (min) 4.4. 2. 
Final hold (min) 20.    
I 1255.1252.1258.1241.1255.
ReferenceOsorio, Duque, et al., 2002Priestap, van Baren, et al., 2002Tu, Thanh, et al., 2002Umano, Hagi, et al., 2002Christoph, 2001
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase DB-WaxStabilwaxCarbowax 20MBP-20PEG-20M
Column length (m) 60.30.30.50.50.
Carrier gas HeH2HeHeHe
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.320.250.220.2
Phase thickness (μm)  0.250.250.25 
Tstart (C) 40.60.50.60.70.
Tend (C) 220.280.215.230.250.
Heat rate (K/min) 2.10.4.2.2.
Initial hold (min)  5.   
Final hold (min)  5. 35. 
I 1251.1257.1250.1245.1247.
ReferenceJiang and Kubota, 2001Jirovetz L., Buchbauer G., et al., 2001Kasali, Oyedeji, et al., 2001Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2001Orav, Kailas, et al., 2001
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase PEG-20MDB-WaxCP-Wax 52CBCP-Wax 52CBDB-Wax
Column length (m) 50.60.50.50.30.
Carrier gas He HeHeHe
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.20.250.300.300.2
Phase thickness (μm)  0.250.250.25 
Tstart (C) 70.30.40.40.50.
Tend (C) 220.170.220.220.180.
Heat rate (K/min) 2.2.3.3.3.
Initial hold (min)  4.5.5.8.
Final hold (min)  30.   
I 1250.1245.1260.1260.1287.
ReferenceOrav and Kann, 2001Buttery, Light, et al., 2000Chagonda, Makanda, et al., 2000Chagonda, Makanda, et al., 2000Franco and Shibamoto, 2000
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase DB-WaxDB-WaxBP-20DB-WaxDB-Wax
Column length (m) 30.30.25.60.60.
Carrier gas HeHeNitrogenHeliumNitrogen
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.20.20.500.320.25
Phase thickness (μm)   0.250.25 
Tstart (C) 50.50.60.50.40.
Tend (C) 180.180.200.230.200.
Heat rate (K/min) 3.3.5.5.2.
Initial hold (min) 8.8. 2.10.
Final hold (min)      
I 1250.1250.1243.1251.1259.
ReferenceFranco and Shibamoto, 2000Franco and Shibamoto, 2000Mallavarapu, Rao, et al., 2000Paniandy, Chane-Ming, et al., 2000Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase DB-WaxFFAPCW 20MCW 20MCW 20M
Column length (m) 60.25.25.25.25.
Carrier gas HeN2HydrogenHydrogenHydrogen
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.250.320.320.32
Phase thickness (μm) 0.25 0.250.250.25
Tstart (C) 40.70.50.50.50.
Tend (C) 200.210.220.220.220.
Heat rate (K/min) 2.3.3.3.3.
Initial hold (min) 2.5.1.1.1.
Final hold (min)   10.10.10.
I 1249.1266.1246.1246.1246.
ReferenceUmano, Hagi, et al., 2000Ajaiyeoba and Ekundayo, 1999Bicchi, Binello, et al., 1999Bicchi, Binello, et al., 1999Bicchi, Binello, et al., 1999
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase CW 20MCW 20MInnowaxHP-InnowaxSupelcowax-10
Column length (m) 25.25.60.60.30.
Carrier gas HydrogenHydrogenHeHeHe
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.320.320.250.250.25
Phase thickness (μm) 0.250.250.250.25 
Tstart (C) 50.50.60.60.60.
Tend (C) 220.220.220.220.240.
Heat rate (K/min) 3.3.  4.
Initial hold (min) 1.1.10.10. 
Final hold (min) 10.10.   
I 1247.1247.1266.1266.1250.
ReferenceBicchi, Binello, et al., 1999Bicchi, Binello, et al., 1999Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999, 2Labuckas, Zygadlo, et al., 1999
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase DB-WaxNB-351BP-20BP-20CP-Wax 52CB
Column length (m) 60.25.25.25.25.
Carrier gas HeH2N2H2He
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.30.50.330.32
Phase thickness (μm) 0.250.5 0.50.2
Tstart (C) 60.70.60.80.60.
Tend (C) 240.250.200.220.240.
Heat rate (K/min) 4.5.5.5.6.
Initial hold (min)  2.  2.
Final hold (min)     10.
I 1249.1277.1235.1271.1243.
ReferenceNgassoum, Yonkeu, et al., 1999Onocha, Ekundayo, et al., 1999Rao, Bhattacharya, et al., 1999Bignell, Dunlop, et al., 1998Chisowa, Hall, et al., 1998
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase DB-WaxHP-InnowaxHP-Innowax FSCPEG-20MPEG-20M
Column length (m) 30.60.60.60.60.
Carrier gas N2HeHeHe 
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.250.250.250.25
Phase thickness (μm) 0.250.250.25  
Tstart (C) 45.50.60.70.70.
Tend (C) 220.220.220.210.220.
Heat rate (K/min) 3.5.4.3.3.
Initial hold (min)  5.10.  
Final hold (min)   10.  
I 1256.1238.1266.1254.1254.
ReferenceMölleken, Sinnwell, et al., 1998Stashenko, Cervantes, et al., 1998Tümen, Baser, et al., 1998Awano, Honda, et al., 1997Awano, Ichikawa, et al., 1997
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase HP-Innowax FSCBP-20BP-20BP-20BP-20
Column length (m) 60.25.25.25.25.
Carrier gas HeH2H2 H2
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.330.330.330.33
Phase thickness (μm)  0.50.50.50.5
Tstart (C) 60.80.80.80.80.
Tend (C) 240.220.220.220.220.
Heat rate (K/min) 4.5.5.5.5.
Initial hold (min) 10.    
Final hold (min) 10.    
I 1266.1271.1271.1271.1271.
ReferenceBaser, Kirimer, et al., 1997Bignell, Dunlop, et al., 1997Bignell, Dunlop, et al., 1997, 2Bignell, Dunlop, et al., 1997, 3Bignell, Dunlop, et al., 1997, 4
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase Supelcowax-10SP-1000PEG-20MDB-WaxDB-Wax
Column length (m) 30.85.50.60.60.
Carrier gas  HeHeHeHe
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.500.250.320.25
Phase thickness (μm)    0.500.25
Tstart (C) 60.65.70.50.50.
Tend (C) 240.225.250.250.180.
Heat rate (K/min) 4.3.2.8.2.5
Initial hold (min)    1.5.
Final hold (min)    6. 
I 1245.1254.1247.1258.1246.
ReferenceZunino, Novillo-Newton, et al., 1997Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 1996Orav, Kailas, et al., 1996Sagrero-Nieves and Bartley, 1996Stashenko, Puertas, et al., 1996
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase Supelcowax-10DB-WaxCarbowax 20MDB-WaxDB-Wax
Column length (m) 60.60.60.60.60.
Carrier gas HeHeHeHeHe
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.250.250.250.250.25
Phase thickness (μm) 0.250.250.250.250.25
Tstart (C) 40.50.50.50.50.
Tend (C) 200.180.150.230.230.
Heat rate (K/min) 3.2.52.2.2.
Initial hold (min) 3.5.10.4.4.
Final hold (min) 30. 20.  
I 1250.1250.1252.1276.1276.
ReferenceWong and Lai, 1996Stashenko, Torres, et al., 1995Tirado, Stashenko, et al., 1995Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 1993Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 1993
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase CP-Wax 52CBCarbowax 20MSupelcowax-10DB-WaxDB-Wax
Column length (m) 50.45.60.30.60.
Carrier gas H2HydrogenHe  
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.320.320.320.320.32
Phase thickness (μm) 0.221.0   
Tstart (C) 50.60.60.70.50.
Tend (C) 200.200.220.200.250.
Heat rate (K/min) 2.2.2.4.4.
Initial hold (min) 5.5.1.2.0.1
Final hold (min)     5.
I 1238.41258.1267.1265.1245.
ReferenceChyau, Chen, et al., 1992Kollmannsberger, Nitz, et al., 1992Loughrin, Hamilton-Kemp, et al., 1990Wyllie, Brophy, et al., 1990Binder and Flath, 1989
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase DB-WaxDB-WaxSupelcowax-10Carbowax 20MCarbowax 20M
Column length (m) 60.60.60.150.25.
Carrier gas HeHeHeHe 
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.320.320.320.660.30
Phase thickness (μm) 0.250.25   
Tstart (C) 30.30.60.60.40.
Tend (C) 180.180.220.170.220.
Heat rate (K/min) 2.2.2.1.2.
Initial hold (min) 4.4.1.40.5.
Final hold (min)   30.  
I 1241.1243.1268.1250.1256.
ReferenceTakeoka and Butter, 1989Takeoka and Butter, 1989Andersen, Hamilton-Kemp, et al., 1988Buttery, Maddox, et al., 1986Nykanen, 1986
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI
Column type CapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillaryCapillary
Active phase Carbowax 20MCarbowax 20MCarbowax 20MCarbowax 20MCarbowax 20M
Column length (m) 150.150.50.150.50.
Carrier gas     N2
Substrate      
Column diameter (mm) 0.660.640.320.640.28
Phase thickness (μm)      
Tstart (C) 60.50.70.50.80.
Tend (C) 170.170.180.170.170.
Heat rate (K/min) 1.1.2.1.1.
Initial hold (min) 40.  30. 
Final hold (min)  30.   
I 1250.1250.1248.1250.1219.
ReferenceButtery, Xu, et al., 1985Buttery, Kamm, et al., 1984Engel and Tressl, 1983Buttery and Kamm, 1980Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1980
Comment MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Feng, Cui, et al., 2011
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Dib, Djabou, et al., 2010
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Miyazawa, Kawauchi, et al., 2010
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Vahirua-Lechat, Mitermite, et al., 2010
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Wannes, W.A.; Mhamdi, B.; Marzouk, B., GC comparative analysis of least essential oils from two Myrtle varieties at different phenological stages, Chromatographia, 2009, 69, 1/2, 145-150, https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-008-0818-9 . [all data]

Cheraif, Ben Jannet, et al., 2007
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Hymete, Rohloff, et al., 2007
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Kurose, Okamura, et al., 2007
Kurose, K.; Okamura, D.; Yatagai, M., Composition of the essential oils from the leaves of nine Pinus species and the cones of three of Pinus species, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 1, 10-20, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1609 . [all data]

Limberger, Scopel, et al., 2007
Limberger, R.P.; Scopel, M.; Sobral, M.; Henriques, A.T., Comparative analysis of volatiles from Drimys brasiliensis Miers and D. angustifolia Miers (Winteraceae) from Southern Brazil, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2007, 35, 3, 130-137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2006.09.007 . [all data]

Nebesny, Budryn, et al., 2007
Nebesny, E.; Budryn, G.; Kula, J.; Majda, T., The effect of roasting method on headspace composition of robusta coffee bean aroma, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2007, 225, 1, 9-19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0375-0 . [all data]

Pala-Paul, Brophy, et al., 2007
Pala-Paul, J.; Brophy, J.J.; Perez-Alonso, M.J.; Usano, J.; Soria, S.C., Essential oil composition of the different parts of Eryngium corniculatum Lam. (Apiaceae) from Spain, J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1175, 2, 289-293, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.061 . [all data]

Sylvestre, Longtin, et al., 2007
Sylvestre, M.; Longtin, A.P.A.; Legault, J., Volatile leaf condtituents and anticancer activity of Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. essential oil, Natural Product Communications, 2007, 2, 12, 1273-1276. [all data]

Sylvestre, Pichette, et al., 2007
Sylvestre, M.; Pichette, A.; Longtin, A.; Martin, M.-A.C.; Bercion, S.R.; Legault, J., Chemical composition of leaf essential oil of Hedyosmum arborescens and evaluation of its anticancer activity, Natural Product Communications, 2007, 2, 12, 1269-1272. [all data]

Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2007
Vichi, S.; Riu-Aumatell, M.; Mora-Pons, M.; Guadayol, J.M.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E., Analytical, Nutritional and Clinical Methods. HS-SPME coupled to GC/MS for quality control of Juniperus communis L. berries used for gin aromatization, Food Chem., 2007, 105, 4, 1748-1754, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.026 . [all data]

Abdelwahed, Hayder, et al., 2006
Abdelwahed, A.; Hayder, N.; Kilani, S.; Mahmoud, A.; Chibani, J.; Hammami, M.; Chekir-Ghedira, L.; Ghedira, K., Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Tunisian Pituranthos tortuosus (Coss.) Maire, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 129-133, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1542 . [all data]

Boti, Yao, et al., 2006
Boti, J.B.; Yao, P.A.; Koukoua, G.; N'Guessan, T.Y.; Casanova, J., Components and chemical variability of Isolona campanulata Engler Diels leaf oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 166-170, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1555 . [all data]

Cai, Lin, et al., 2006
Cai, J.; Lin, P.; Zhu, X.; Su, Q., Comparative analysis of clary sage (S. sclarea L.) oil volatiles by GC-FTIR and GC-MS, Food Chem., 2006, 99, 2, 401-407, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.041 . [all data]

Cavaleiro, Pinto, et al., 2006
Cavaleiro, C.; Pinto, E.; Gonsales, M.J.; Salguero, L., Antifungal activity of Juniperus essential oils agains dermatophyte, Asrgillus and Candida strains, J. Appl. Microbiol., 2006, 100, 6, 1333-1338, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02862.x . [all data]

Fanciullino, Tomi, et al., 2006
Fanciullino, A.-L.; Tomi, F.; Luro, F.; Desjobert, J.M.; Casanova, J., Chemical variability of peel and leaf oils of mandarins, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 2, 359-367, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1658 . [all data]

Kitchlu, Bakshi, et al., 2006
Kitchlu, S.; Bakshi, S.K.; Kaul, M.K.; Bhan, M.K.; Thapa, R.K.; Agarwal, S.G., Tanacetum gracile Hook. f T. A new source of lavandulol from Ladakh Himalaya (India), Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 4, 690-692, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1674 . [all data]

Lan Phi N.T., Nishiyama C., et al., 2006
Lan Phi N.T.; Nishiyama C.; Choi H.-S.; Sawamura M., Evaluation of aroma characteristic compounds of Citrus natsudaidai Hayata (Natsudaidai) cold-pressed peel oil, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2006, 70, 8, 1832-1838, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.50705 . [all data]

Martin, Joseph, et al., 2006
Martin, M.A.C.K.; Joseph, H.; Bercion, S.; Menut, C., Chemical composition of essential oils from aerial parts of Aframomum exscapum (Sims) Hepper collected in Guadeloupe, French West Indies, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 6, 902-905, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1741 . [all data]

Wong, Lim, et al., 2006
Wong, K.C.; Lim, T.B.; Ali, D.M.H., Essential oil of Homalomena sagittifolia Jungh., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 5, 786-788, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1714 . [all data]

Wong, Sivasothy, et al., 2006
Wong, K.C.; Sivasothy, Y.; Boey, P.L., Essential oil of Elettariopsis elan C.K. Lim, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 562-564, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1654 . [all data]

Babu and Kaul, 2005
Babu, K.G.D.; Kaul, V.K., Variation in essential oil composition of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) distilled by different distillation techniques, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 2, 222-231, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1414 . [all data]

Ferretti, Maggi, et al., 2005
Ferretti, G.; Maggi, F.; Tirillini, B., Essential oil composition of Hypericum richeri Vill. from Italy, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 3, 295-298, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1412 . [all data]

Gauvin and Smadja, 2005
Gauvin, A.; Smadja, J., Essential oil composition of four Psiadia species from Reunion Island: A chemotaxonomic study, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 7, 705-714, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.12.013 . [all data]

Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005
Jirovetz, L.; Buchbauer, G.; Ngassoum, M.B.; Parmentier, M., Chemical composition and olfactory characterization of essential oils of fruits and seeds of African pear (Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H. J. Lam) from Cameroon, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 2, 215-218, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1324 . [all data]

Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005, 2
Jirovetz, L.; Buchbauer, G.; Stoyanova, A.; Balinova, A.; Guangjiun, Z.; Xihan, M., Solid phase microextraction/gas chromatographic and olfactory analysis of the scent and fixative properties of the essential oil of Rosa damascena L. from China, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 7-12, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1375 . [all data]

Kulisic, Radonic, et al., 2005
Kulisic, T.; Radonic, A.; Milos, M., Inhibition of Lard Oxidation by Fractions of Different Essential Oil, Grasas y Aceites, 2005, 56, 4, 284-291, https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.2005.v56.i4.94 . [all data]

Njoroge, Koaze, et al., 2005
Njoroge, S.M.; Koaze, H.; Mwaniki, M.; Minh Tu, N.T.; Sawamura, M., Essential oils of Kenyan Citrus fruits: volatile components of two varieties of mandarins (Citrus reticulata) and a tangelo (C. paradisi × C. tangerina), Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 74-79, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1376 . [all data]

Rohloff and Bones, 2005
Rohloff, J.; Bones, A.M., Volatile profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana - Putative olfactory compounds in plant communication, Phytochemistry, 2005, 66, 16, 1941-1955, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.06.021 . [all data]

Stevanovic, Garneau, et al., 2005
Stevanovic, T.; Garneau, F.-X.; Jean, F.-I.; Gagnon, H.; Vilotic, D.; Petrovic, S.; Ruzic, N.; Pichette, A., The essential oil composition of Pinus mugo Turra from Serbia, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 96-97, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1390 . [all data]

Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2005
Vichi, S.; Riu-Aumatell, M.; Mora-Pons, M.; Buxaderas, S.; Lopez-Tamames, E., Characterization of Volatiles in Different Dry Gins, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 26, 10154-10160, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf058121b . [all data]

Wong, Lee, et al., 2005
Wong, K.C.; Lee, B.C.; Lam, N.F.; Ibrahim, P., Essential oils of the rhizomes of Alpinia conchigera Griff. and Alpinia latilabris Ridl., Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 4, 431-433, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1458 . [all data]

Agnihotri, Thappa, et al., 2004
Agnihotri, V.K.; Thappa, R.K.; Meena, B.; Kapahi, B.K.; Saxena, R.K.; Qazi, G.N.; Agarwal, S.G., Essential oil composition of aerial parts of Angelica glauca growing wild in North-West Himalaya (India), Phytochemistry, 2004, 65, 16, 2411-2413, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.07.004 . [all data]

Blanc, Muselli, et al., 2004
Blanc, M.-C.; Muselli, A.; Bradesi, P.; Casanova, J., Chemical composition and variability of the essential oil of Inula graveolens from Corsica, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 4, 314-319, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1304 . [all data]

Gauvin, Ravaomanarivo, et al., 2004
Gauvin, A.; Ravaomanarivo, H.; Smadja, J., Comparative analysis by gas chromatography?mass spectrometry of the essential oils from bark and leaves of Cedrelopsis grevei Baill, an aromatic and medicinal plant from Madagascar, J. Chromatogr. A, 2004, 1029, 1-2, 279-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2003.12.012 . [all data]

González, Guerra, et al., 2004
González, S.; Guerra, P.E.; Bottaro, H.; Molares, S.; Demo, M.S.; Oliva, M.M.; Zunino, M.P.; Zygadlo, J.A., Aromatic plants from Patagonia. Part I. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera essential oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 1, 36-39, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1270 . [all data]

Jiang and Kubota, 2004
Jiang, L.; Kubota, K., Differences in the volatile components and their odor characteristics of green and ripe fruits and dried pericarp of Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum DC.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 13, 4197-4203, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030663a . [all data]

Lopez Arze, Collin, et al., 2004
Lopez Arze, J.B.; Collin, G.; Garneau, F.-X.; Jean, F.-I.; Gagnon, H., Essential oils from Bolivia. II. Asteraceae: Ophryosporus heptanthus (Wedd.) H. Rob. et King, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2004, 16, 4, 374-376, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698747 . [all data]

Lourens, Reddy, et al., 2004
Lourens, A.C.U.; Reddy, D.; Baser, K.H.C.; Viljoen, A.M.; Van Vuuren, S.F., In vitro Biological Activity and Essential Oil Composition of Four Indigenous South Africal Helichrysum Species, J. Ethnopharmacol., 2004, 95, 2-3, 253-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.07.027 . [all data]

Palá-Paúl, Brophy, et al., 2004
Palá-Paúl, J.; Brophy, J.J.; Goldsack, R.J.; Fontaniella, B., Analysis of the volatile components of Lavandula canariensis (L.) Mill., a Canary Islands endemic species, growing in Australia, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2004, 32, 1, 55-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00177-7 . [all data]

Palá-Paúl, García-Jiménez, et al., 2004
Palá-Paúl, J.; García-Jiménez, R.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Sanz, J., Essential oil composition of the leaves and stems of Meum athamanticum Jacq., from Spain, J. Chromatogr. A, 2004, 1036, 2, 245-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.064 . [all data]

Raal, Arak, et al., 2004
Raal, A.; Arak, E.; Orav, A., Chemical composition of coriander seed essential oil and their conformity with EP standards, Agraarteadus, 2004, 15, 4, 234-239. [all data]

Raal, Paaver, et al., 2004
Raal, A.; Paaver, U.; Arak, E.; Orav, A., Content and composition of the essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. growing wild in Estonia, Medicina (Kaunas), 2004, 40, 8, 795-800. [all data]

Cabanillas, Lopez, et al., 2003
Cabanillas, C.M.; Lopez, M.L.; Daniele, G.; Zygadlo, J.A., Essential oil composition of Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke under rust disease, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 5, 446-448, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1249 . [all data]

Mastelic and Jerkovic, 2003
Mastelic, J.; Jerkovic, I., Application of co-distillation with superheated pentane vapour to the isolation of unstable essential oils, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 6, 521-526, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1261 . [all data]

Orav, Kailas, et al., 2003
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Jegorova, A., Composition of the essential oil of dill, celery, and parsley from Estonia, Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Chem., 2003, 52, 4, 147-154. [all data]

Priestap, van Baren, et al., 2003
Priestap, H.A.; van Baren, C.M.; Lira, P.D.L.; Coussio, J.D.; Bandoni, A.L., Volatile constituents of Aristolochia argentina, Phytochemistry, 2003, 63, 2, 221-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00751-3 . [all data]

Raal, Arak, et al., 2003
Raal, A.; Arak, E.; Orav, A.; Ivask, K., Comparison of essential oil content of Matricaria recutita L. from different origins, Ars Pharm., 2003, 44, 2, 159-165, retrieved from http://www.ugr.es/~ars/abstract/44-159-03.pdf. [all data]

Stashenko, Jaramillo, et al., 2003
Stashenko, E.E.; Jaramillo, B.E.; Martínez, J.R., Comparación de la composición química y de la actividad antioxidante in vitro de los metabolitos secundarios volátiles de plantas de la familia verbenaceae, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exactas Fis. Nat., 2003, 27, 105, 579-597. [all data]

Tu, Onishi, et al., 2003
Tu, N.T.M.; Onishi, Y.; Son, U.S.; Ogawa, E.; Ukeda, H.; Sawamura, M., Characteristic odour components of Citrus inflata Hort. Ex Tanaka (Mochiyu) cold-pressed peel oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 5, 454-459, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1252 . [all data]

Tu, Onishi, et al., 2003, 2
Tu, N.T.M.; Onishi, Y.; Choi, H.S.; Kondo, Y.; Ukeda, H.; Sawamura, M., Characteristic odour components of Citrus sp. (Kiyookadaidai) cold-pressed peel oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 6, 515-520, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1260 . [all data]

Velasco-Negueruela, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2003
Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; Pérez de Paz, P.L.; Palá-Paúl, J.; Sanz, J., Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the essential oils from the aerial parts of Rutheopsis herbanica (Bolle) Hans. Kunk., gathered in Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 984, 1, 159-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01742-9 . [all data]

Galindo-Cuspinera, Lubran, et al., 2002
Galindo-Cuspinera, V.; Lubran, M.B.; Rankin, S.A., Comparison of volatile compounds in water- and oil-soluble annatto (Bixa orellana L.) extracts, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 7, 2010-2015, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011325h . [all data]

Gancel, Ollé, et al., 2002
Gancel, A.-L.; Ollé, D.; Ollitrault, P.; Luro, F.; Brillouet, J.-M., Leaf and peel volatile compounds of an interspecific citrus somatic hybrid [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing. + Citrus paradisi Macfayden], Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 6, 416-424, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1119 . [all data]

Orav, Kailas, et al., 2002
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Müürisepp, M., Composition of blackcurrant aroma isolated from leaves, buds, and berries of Ribes nigrum L., Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Chem., 2002, 51, 4, 225-234. [all data]

Osorio, Duque, et al., 2002
Osorio, C.; Duque, C.; Suarez, M.; Salamanca, L.E.; Uruena, F., Free, glycosidically bound, and phosphate bound flavor constituents of badea (Passiflora quadrangularis) fruit pulp, J. Sep. Sci., 2002, 25, 3, 147-154, https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20020201)25:3<147::AID-JSSC147>3.0.CO;2-G . [all data]

Priestap, van Baren, et al., 2002
Priestap, H.A.; van Baren, C.M.; Lira, P.D.L.; Prado, H.J.; Neugebauer, M.; Mayer, R.; Bandoni, A.L., Essential oils from aerial parts of Aristolochia gibertii Hook., Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 1, 69-71, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1044 . [all data]

Tu, Thanh, et al., 2002
Tu, N.T.M.; Thanh, L.X.; Une, A.; Ukeda, H.; Sawamura, M., Volatile constituents of Vietnamese pummelo, orange, tangerine and lime peel oils, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 3, 169-174, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1076 . [all data]

Umano, Hagi, et al., 2002
Umano, K.; Hagi, Y.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile chemicals identified in extracts from newly hybrid citrus, dekopon (Shiranuhi mandarin Suppl. J.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 19, 5355-5359, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0203951 . [all data]

Christoph, 2001
Christoph, F., Chemische Zuzammensetzung und antimikrobielle Eigenschaften der ätherischen Öle von Leptospermum scoparium J. R. et G. Forst. und anderer Teebaumöle der Gattungen Kunzea, Leptospermum und Melaleuca unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Handelsölen, Dissertation, University of Hamburg, Germany, 2001, 196. [all data]

Jiang and Kubota, 2001
Jiang, L.; Kubota, K., Formation by mechanical stimulus of the flavor compounds in young leaves of Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum DC.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 3, 1353-1357, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001166m . [all data]

Jirovetz L., Buchbauer G., et al., 2001
Jirovetz L.; Buchbauer G.; Shafi P.M.; Rosamma M.K.; Geissler M., Analysis of the composition and aroma of the essential leaf oil of Syzygium travancoricum from South India by GC-FID, GC-MS, and olfactometry. Seasonal changes of composition, Chromatographia Sup., 2001, 53, S1, s372-s374, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490359 . [all data]

Kasali, Oyedeji, et al., 2001
Kasali, A.A.; Oyedeji, A.O.; Ashilokun, A.O., Volatile leaf oil constituents of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 5, 377-378, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1019 . [all data]

Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2001
Lota, M.-L.; de Rocca Serra, D.; Tomi, F.; Casanova, J., Chemical variability of peel and leaf essential oils of 15 species of mandarins, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2001, 29, 1, 77-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(00)00029-6 . [all data]

Orav, Kailas, et al., 2001
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Ivask, K., Volatile constituents of Matricaria recutita L. from Estonia, Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Chem., 2001, 50, 39-45. [all data]

Orav and Kann, 2001
Orav, A.; Kann, J., Determination of peppermint and orange aroma compounds in food and beverages, Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Chem., 2001, 50, 4, 217-225. [all data]

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Notes

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