(+)-4-Carene
- Formula: C10H16
- Molecular weight: 136.2340
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-9(6-7)10(8,2)3/h4-5,7-9H,6H2,1-3H3
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LGNSZMLHOYDATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 29050-33-7
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Stereoisomers:
- Other names: 4-Carene; δ-Carene
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Gas Chromatography
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1004. | de Feo, Porta, et al., 1998 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Equity-5 | 1030. | Rocha, Coelho, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 260. C @ 15. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1014. | Silva, Barbosa, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 55. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 15. min |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1022. | Liu J.M., Nan P., et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 1009. | Vujisic L., Vuckovic I., et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 4.3 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 285. C |
| Capillary | Optima 5 | 1008. | Vérité, Nacer, et al., 2004 | 25. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 998. | Píry, Príbela, et al., 1995 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.3 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1001. | Le Quere and Latrasse, 1990 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1149. | Rega, Fournier, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1149. | Rega, Fournier, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1144. | Píry, Príbela, et al., 1995 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 170. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1128. | Le Quere and Latrasse, 1990 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1017. | Xu, Tang, et al., 2010 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 2. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 996. | Amiri, 2007 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.32 μm, Nitrogen, 60. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1022. | Wang, Yang, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1002.5 | Gawdzik, Mardarowicz, et al., 1996 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 300. C @ 5. min |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 1002. | Bai, Liu, et al., 2011 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (1 min) 10 0C/min -> 180 0C (1 min) 20 0C/min -> 280 0C (15 min) |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1001. | Nezhadali and Parsa, 2010 | 30. m/0.20 mm/0.32 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (1 min) 3 0C/min -> 140 0C 50 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min) |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1022. | Xu, Tang, et al., 2010 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 998. | Yu, Li, et al., 2009 | Helium; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 40 0C 2 0C/min -> 130 0C (5 min) 10 0C/min -> 230 0C (15 min) |
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 1018. | Chokeprasert P., Charles A.L., et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 3C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 230C(2min) |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 998. | Hafez and Abdel-Salam, 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45 0C (4 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 4 0C/min -> 115 0C 6 0C/min -> 312 0C |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 987. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1011. | Viana, Andrade-Neto, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.1 μm, He; Program: 35C => 4C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 280C |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 987. | Zenkevich, 1996 | Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Supelco CO Wax-10 | 1157. | Prompona, Kandylis, et al., 2012 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (6 min) 2 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 200 0C 25 0C/min -> 250 0C (6 min) |
References
Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
de Feo, Porta, et al., 1998
de Feo, V.; Porta, G.D.; Urrunaga Soria, E.; Urrunaga Soria, R.; Senatore, F.,
Composition of the essential oil of Tagetes filifolia Lag.,
Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 3, 145-147, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199805/06)13:3<145::AID-FFJ707>3.0.CO;2-Q
. [all data]
Rocha, Coelho, et al., 2007
Rocha, S.M.; Coelho, E.; Zrostlikova, J.; Delgadillo, I.; Coimbra b, M.A.,
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry of monoterpenoids as a powerful tool for grape origin traceability,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1161, 1-2, 292-299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.093
. [all data]
Silva, Barbosa, et al., 2007
Silva, C.J.; Barbosa, L.C.A.; Maltha, C.R.A.; Pinheiro, A.L.; Ismail, F.M.D.,
Comparative study of the essential oils of seven Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) species grown in Brazil,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 6, 474-478, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1823
. [all data]
Liu J.M., Nan P., et al., 2006
Liu J.M.; Nan P.; Tsering Q.; Tsering T.; Bai Z.K.; Wang L.; Liu Z.J.; Zhong Y.,
Volatile constituents of the leaves and flowers of Salvia przewalskii Maxim. from Tibet,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 435-438, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1607
. [all data]
Vujisic L., Vuckovic I., et al., 2006
Vujisic L.; Vuckovic I.; Tesevic V.; Dokovic D.; Ristic M.S.; Janackovic P.; Milosavljevic S.,
Comparative examination of the essential oils of Anthemis ruthenica and A-arvensis wild-growing in Serbia,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 458-461, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1681
. [all data]
Vérité, Nacer, et al., 2004
Vérité, P.; Nacer, A.; Kabouche, Z.; Seguin, E.,
Composition of seeds and stems essential oils of Pituranthos scoparius (Coss. Dur.) Schinz,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 6, 562-564, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1353
. [all data]
Píry, Príbela, et al., 1995
Píry, J.; Príbela, A.; Durcanská, J.; Farkas, P.,
Fractionation of volatiles from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) by different extractive methods,
Food Chem., 1995, 54, 1, 73-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(95)92665-7
. [all data]
Le Quere and Latrasse, 1990
Le Quere, J.-L.; Latrasse, A.,
Composition of the Essential Oils of Blackcurrant Buds (Ribes nigrum L.),
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 1, 3-10, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00091a001
. [all data]
Rega, Fournier, et al., 2004
Rega, B.; Fournier, N.; Nicklaus, S.; Guichard, E.,
Role of pulp in flavor release and sensory perception in orange juice,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 13, 4204-4212, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035361n
. [all data]
Rega, Fournier, et al., 2003
Rega, B.; Fournier, N.; Guichard, E.,
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) of orange juice flavor: odor representativeness by direct gas chromatography olfactometry (D-GC-O),
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 24, 7092-7099, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034384z
. [all data]
Xu, Tang, et al., 2010
Xu, X.; Tang, Z.; Liang, Y.,
Comparative analysis of plant essential oils by GC-MS coupled with integrated chemometric resolution methods,
Anal. Methods, 2010, 2, 4, 359-367, https://doi.org/10.1039/b9ay00213h
. [all data]
Amiri, 2007
Amiri, H.,
Quantative and qualative changes of essential oil of Salvia bracteata BAnk et Sol. in different growth stages,
DARU, 2007, 15, 2, 79-82. [all data]
Wang, Yang, et al., 2006
Wang, Q.; Yang, Y.; Zhao, X.; Zhu, B.; Nan, P.; Zhao, J.; Wang, L.; Chen, F.; Liu, Z.; Zhong, Y.,
Chemical variation in the essential oil of Ephedra sinica from Northeastern China,
Food Chem., 2006, 98, 1, 52-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.033
. [all data]
Gawdzik, Mardarowicz, et al., 1996
Gawdzik, J.; Mardarowicz, M.; Suprynowicz, Z.; Kawka, S.; Wolski, T.,
Supercritical fluid extraction of essential oils from the fruits of Archangelica off. Hoffm. and their characterization by GC/MS,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1996, 19, 4, 237-240, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190416
. [all data]
Bai, Liu, et al., 2011
Bai, C.Q.; Liu, Z.L.; Liu, Q.Z.,
Nematicidal constituents from the essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides aerial parts,
E-Journal of Chemistry, 2011, 8, S1, s143-s148, https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/470862
. [all data]
Nezhadali and Parsa, 2010
Nezhadali, A.; Parsa, M.,
Study of the volatile compounds in Artemisia Sagebrush from Iran using HS/SPME/GC/MS,
Int. J. Environ. Sci. Development, 2010, 1, 3, 287-289, https://doi.org/10.7763/IJESD.2010.V1.56
. [all data]
Yu, Li, et al., 2009
Yu, L.-F.; Li, X.-R.; Liu, S.-Y.; Xu, G.-W.; Liang, Y.-Z.,
Comparative analysis of essential components between the herbal pair Radix Saposhnikoviae-Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii and its single herbs by GC-MS combined with a chemometric resolution method,
Anal. Methods, 2009, 1, 1, 45-51, https://doi.org/10.1039/b9ay00044e
. [all data]
Chokeprasert P., Charles A.L., et al., 2007
Chokeprasert P.; Charles A.L.; Sue K.H.; Huang T.C.,
Volatile components of the leaves, fruits and seeds of wampee [Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels],
J. Food Comp. Anal., 2007, 20, 1, 52-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2006.07.002
. [all data]
Hafez and Abdel-Salam, 2004
Hafez, S.S.; Abdel-Salam, H.A.,
chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the volatile constituents of thuja occidentalis L. growing in Egipt,
Alexandria J. Pharm. Sci., 2004, 18, 1, 41-47. [all data]
Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A.,
Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]
Viana, Andrade-Neto, et al., 2002
Viana, F.A.; Andrade-Neto, M.; Pouliquen, Y.B.M.; Lucien, V.G.,
Chemical composition of the essential oil from roots of Philodendron acutatum Schott.,
J. Essent. Oil Res., 2002, 14, 3, 172-174, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2002.9699814
. [all data]
Zenkevich, 1996
Zenkevich, I.G.,
Analytical Parameters of Components of Essential Oils for their Chromatographic and Chromato-Mass Spectral Identification. Mono- and Sesquiterpenes,
Rastitelnye Resursy (Plant resources), 1996, 34, 1-2, 48-58. [all data]
Prompona, Kandylis, et al., 2012
Prompona, K.-D.; Kandylis, P.; Tsakiris, A.; Kanellaki, M.; Kourkoutas, Y.,
Application of alternative technologies for elimination of artificial colorings in alcoholic beverages produced by Citrus medica and potential impact on human health,
Food Nutrition Sci., 2012, 3, 07, 959-969, https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2012.37127
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References
- Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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