Pyrazine
- Formula: C4H4N2
- Molecular weight: 80.0880
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 290-37-9
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: p-Diazine; Paradiazine; Piazine; 1,4-Diazabenzene; 1,4-Diazine
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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Go To: Top, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | DB-5 | BPX-5 | BPX-5 | BPX-5 | BPX-5 |
Column length (m) | 60. | 50. | 50. | 50. | 50. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | ||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 1. | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 |
Tstart (C) | 40. | 60. | 60. | 60. | 60. |
Tend (C) | 260. | 250. | 250. | 250. | 250. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 4. | 4. | 4. | 4. | 4. |
Initial hold (min) | 2. | 5. | 5. | 5. | 5. |
Final hold (min) | 10. | 20. | 10. | 10. | 10. |
I | 734. | 740. | 736. | 736. | 750. |
Reference | Methven L., Tsoukka M., et al., 2007 | Bredie, Mottram, et al., 2002 | Ames, Guy, et al., 2001 | Ames, Guy, et al., 2001 | Ames, Guy, et al., 2001, 2 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | CP Sil 8 CB | DB-1 | DB-1 | DB-1 | DB-1 |
Column length (m) | 60. | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | He |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.248 | 0.248 | 0.248 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 5. | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Tstart (C) | 40. | 35. | 50. | 50. | 50. |
Tend (C) | 280. | 270. | 250. | 250. | 250. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 4. | 10. | 5. | 5. | 5. |
Initial hold (min) | 2. | 1. | 5. | 5. | 5. |
Final hold (min) | |||||
I | 739. | 711. | 707. | 707. | 707. |
Reference | Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000 | Bartelt, 1997 | DeMilo, Lee, et al., 1996 | DeMilo, Lee, et al., 1996 | DeMilo, Lee, et al., 1996 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | SE-30 | SE-30 | HP-1 | HP-1 | OV-101 |
Column length (m) | 50. | 50. | 50. | 50. | 50. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | ||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.25 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 1.05 | 1.5 | |
Tstart (C) | 50. | 50. | 40. | 40. | 100. |
Tend (C) | 250. | 250. | 260. | 220. | |
Heat rate (K/min) | 4. | 8. | 2. | 2. | 2. |
Initial hold (min) | |||||
Final hold (min) | 10. | 30. | |||
I | 710. | 702. | 734. | 706. | 713.1 |
Reference | Misharina and Golovnya, 1996 | Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1994 | Oh, Hartman, et al., 1992 | Zhang, Dorjpalam, et al., 1992 | Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1991 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | OV-101 | OV-101 | DB-1 | SE-30 | HP-1 |
Column length (m) | 50. | 50. | 50. | 50. | 50. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 1.05 | 0.25 | 1.05 | ||
Tstart (C) | 70. | 80. | 40. | 50. | 40. |
Tend (C) | 260. | 240. | 260. | ||
Heat rate (K/min) | 8. | 4. | 2. | 4. | 2. |
Initial hold (min) | |||||
Final hold (min) | 40. | 10. | |||
I | 710.3 | 710.6 | 710. | 703. | 738. |
Reference | Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1991 | Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1991 | Izzo and Ho, 1991 | Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1991 | Oh, Shu, et al., 1991 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Packed |
---|---|
Active phase | SE-30 |
Column length (m) | 3.05 |
Carrier gas | He |
Substrate | Supelcoport and Chromosorb |
Column diameter (mm) | |
Phase thickness (μm) | |
Tstart (C) | 40. |
Tend (C) | 250. |
Heat rate (K/min) | 10. |
Initial hold (min) | 4. |
Final hold (min) | 60. |
I | 713. |
Reference | Peng, Ding, et al., 1988 |
Comment | MSDC-RI |
References
Go To: Top, Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Methven L., Tsoukka M., et al., 2007
Methven L.; Tsoukka M.; Oruna-Concha M.J.; Parker J.K.; Mottram D.S.,
Influence of sulfur amino acids on the volatile and nonvolatile components of cooked salmon (Salmo salar),
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 4, 1427-1436, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0625611
. [all data]
Bredie, Mottram, et al., 2002
Bredie, W.L.P.; Mottram, D.S.; Guy, R.C.E.,
Effect of temperature and pH on the generation of flavor volatiles in extrusion cooking of wheat flour,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 5, 1118-1125, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0111662
. [all data]
Ames, Guy, et al., 2001
Ames, J.M.; Guy, R.C.E.; Kipping, G.J.,
Effect of pH and temperature on the formation of volatile compounds in cysteine/reducing sugar/starch mixtures during extrusion cooking,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 4, 1885-1894, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0012547
. [all data]
Ames, Guy, et al., 2001, 2
Ames, J.M.; Guy, R.C.E.; Kipping, G.J.,
Effect of pH, temperature, and moisture on the formation of volatile compounds in glycine/glucose model systems,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 9, 4315-4323, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010198m
. [all data]
Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000
Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S.; Hierro, E.,
Two-fibre solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of volatile aroma compounds in cooked pork,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 905, 1-2, 233-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00990-0
. [all data]
Bartelt, 1997
Bartelt, R.J.,
Calibration of a commercial solid-phase microextraction device for measuring headspace concentrations of organic volatiles,
Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 3, 364-372, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac960820n
. [all data]
DeMilo, Lee, et al., 1996
DeMilo, A.B.; Lee, C.-J.; Moreno, D.S.; Martinez, A.J.,
Identification of volatiles derived from Citrobacter freundii fermentation of a trypticase soy broth,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 2, 607-612, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf950525o
. [all data]
Misharina and Golovnya, 1996
Misharina, T.A.; Golovnya, R.V.,
Study of the composition of volatiles in raw and processed sardine by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 1996, 51, 7, 791-795. [all data]
Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1994
Misharina, T.A.; Golovnya, R.V.; Strashnenko, E.S.; Medvedeva, I.B.,
Sorbtion-structural mass-spectrometric characteristics of volatile components of model systems and flavor compounds with meat odor,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 1994, 49, 7, 722-728. [all data]
Oh, Hartman, et al., 1992
Oh, Y.-C.; Hartman, T.G.; Ho, C.-T.,
Volatile compounds generated from the Maillard reaction of pro-gly, gly-pro, and a mixture of glycine and proline with glucose,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 10, 1878-1880, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00022a030
. [all data]
Zhang, Dorjpalam, et al., 1992
Zhang, Y.; Dorjpalam, B.; Ho, C.-T.,
Contribution of peptides to volatile formation in the Maillard reaction of casein hydrolysate with glucose,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 12, 2467-2471, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00024a026
. [all data]
Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1991
Golovnya, R.V.; Samusenko, A.L.; Sagalovich, V.P.,
Prediction of retention indices for methyl-substituted pyrazines in capillary gas chromatography with linear programming,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 1991, 46, 4, 727-735. [all data]
Izzo and Ho, 1991
Izzo, H.V.; Ho, C.-T.,
Isolation and identification of the volatile components of an extruded autolyzed yeast extract,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 12, 2245-2248, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00012a029
. [all data]
Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1991
Misharina, T.A.; Golovnya, R.V.; Yakovleva, V.N.; Vitt, S.V.,
Pyrazines formed in model glycerin-water systems,
Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 1991, 40, 9, 1742-1748, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00960396
. [all data]
Oh, Shu, et al., 1991
Oh, Y.-C.; Shu, C.-K.; Ho, C.-T.,
Some volatile compounds formed from thermal interaction of glucose with glycine, diglycine, triglycine, and tetraglycine,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 9, 1553-1554, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00009a003
. [all data]
Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C.,
Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns,
J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Tend Final temperature Tstart Initial temperature - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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