2(5H)-Furanone, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-

Formula: C₆H₈O₃
Molecular weight: 128.1259
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C6H8O3/c1-3-4(2)9-6(8)5(3)7/h4,7H,1-2H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UNYNVICDCJHOPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 28664-35-9
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: Sotolone; 4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone; Furan-2(5H)-one, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone; Sotolon; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-5H-furan-2-one; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one; 4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one; 2,3-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-5-one; 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (sotolon); 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2-(5H)-furanone (sotolon); 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2( 5H)-one (sotolon); 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one (sotolon)
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Options:
- Switch to SI units

Gas Chromatography

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5MS	1105.	Jarunrattanasri, Theerakulkait, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-5	1108.	Scheidig, Czerny, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.24 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-5	1082.	Steinhaus and Schieberle, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-5	1116.	Zeller and Rychlik, 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-5MS	1120.	Carunchia Whetstine, Croissant, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	1099.	Colahan-Sederstrom and Peterson, 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 6. min
Capillary	DB-5MS	1127.	Whetstine, Cadwallader, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
Capillary	ZB-5	1118.	Bell, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-5	1108.	Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	SPB-1	1108.	Chisholm, Jell, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	1120.	Högnadóttir and Rouseff, 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-5MS	1108.	Karagül-Yüceer, Vlahovich, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-5	1113.	Valim, Rouseff, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 7. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 275. C
Capillary	DB-5	1111.	Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-5	1107.	Zhou, Wintersteen, et al., 2002	15. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 30. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	1118.	Karagül-Yüceer, Drake, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	BP-5	1112.	Escudero, Cacho, et al., 2000	50. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 190. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-5	1110.	Escudero, Campo, et al., 2007	Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-54	1112.	Schuh and Schieberle, 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 6C/min => 150C => 20C/min => 230C
Capillary	DB-5	1131.	Klesk and Qian, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	DB-5	1122.	Jezussek, Juliano, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-5	1110.	Munk, Munch, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C (1min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C (5min)
Capillary	DB-5	1110.	Munk, Munch, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C (1min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C (5min)
Capillary	SE-54	1104.	Zimmermann and Schieberle, 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 180C 20C/min => 240C(10min)
Capillary	SE-54	1100.	Fickert and Schieberle, 1998	25. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 4C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 240C
Capillary	SE-54	1110.	Hinterholzer, Lemos, et al., 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C(10 min)
Capillary	SE-54	1112.	Hofmann and Schieberle, 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C(5min) => 6C/min => 230C(15min)
Capillary	SE-54	1112.	Hofmann and Schieberle, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C (5min) => 6C/min => 230C (15min)
Capillary	SE-54	1112.	Hofmann and Schieberle, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C (5min) => 6C/min => 230C (15min)
Capillary	SE-54	1082.	Münch, Hofmann, et al., 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C (2min) => 240C (10min)
Capillary	SE-54	1112.	Hofmann and Schieberle, 1995	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C (5min) => 6C/min => 230C (15min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2198.	Jarunrattanasri, Theerakulkait, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2191.	Scheidig, Czerny, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.24 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	FFAP	2190.	Steinhaus and Schieberle, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2190.	Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2192.	Zeller and Rychlik, 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	2210.	Carunchia Whetstine, Croissant, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2177.	Colahan-Sederstrom and Peterson, 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 6. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2210.	Whetstine, Cadwallader, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2196.	Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2203.	Bell, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 7. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	2186.	Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2208.	Högnadóttir and Rouseff, 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 7. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2191.	Karagül-Yüceer, Vlahovich, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2203.	Valim, Rouseff, et al., 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 7. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2164.	Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2181.	Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2186.	Zhou, Wintersteen, et al., 2002	15. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2204.	Karagül-Yüceer, Drake, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2190.	Escudero and Etiévant, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 5. K/min; T_start: 67. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	FFAP	2205.	Stephan and Steinhart, 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	2237.	Escudero, Campo, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2; Program: 40C(5min) => 4C/min => 100C6C/min => 136C => 3C/min => 220C (10min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	2193.	Majcher and Jelen, 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 5C/min => 240C
Capillary	FFAP	2212.	Frauendorfer and Schieberle, 2006	25. m/0.32 mm/0.2 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 40C/min => 60C(1min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 240C
Capillary	FFAP	2220.	Schuh and Schieberle, 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 6C/min => 150C => 20C/min => 230C
Capillary	FFAP	2206.	Fritsch and Schieberle, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	2193.	Majcher and Jelén, 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60(2min)C => 5C/min => 240C
Capillary	Stabilwax	2223.	Klesk, Qian, et al., 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	Stabilwax	2211.	Klesk and Qian, 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	FFAP	2197.	Jezussek, Juliano, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 240C
Capillary	FFAP	2196.	Kirchhoff and Schieberle, 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 60C/min => 50C (2min) => 6C/min => 240C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	2196.	Kirchhoff and Schieberle, 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 60C/min => 50C (2min) => 6C/min => 240C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	2196.	Kirchhoff and Schieberle, 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 240C(10min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2199.	Rychlik and Bosset, 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 5C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2170.	Munk, Munch, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C (5min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2169.	Munk, Munch, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C (5min)
Capillary	FFAP	2227.	Zimmermann and Schieberle, 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 180C 20C/min => 240C(10min)
Capillary	FFAP	2203.	Jagella and Grosch, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 40C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 230C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2194.	Mutti and Grosch, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	FFAP	2200.	Fickert and Schieberle, 1998	25. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	2194.	Hinterholzer, Lemos, et al., 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C(10 min)
Capillary	FFAP	2153.	Hofmann and Schieberle, 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(5min) => 6C/min => 230C(15min)
Capillary	FFAP	2153.	Hofmann and Schieberle, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (5min) => 6C/min => 230C (15min)
Capillary	FFAP	2153.	Hofmann and Schieberle, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (5min) => 6C/min => 230C (15min)
Capillary	FFAP	2203.	Kubícková and Grosch, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	2183.	Münch, Hofmann, et al., 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 240C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	2153.	Hofmann and Schieberle, 1995	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (5min) => 6C/min => 230C (15min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SE-54	1109.	Laselan, Buettner, et al., 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 0. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	1115.	Zellner, Bicchi, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 3. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-5	1116.	Zeller and Rychlik, 2007	25. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-5	1110.	Czerny and Schieberle, 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-5	1110.	Czerny and Schieberle, 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-1	1079.	Kumazawa and Masuda, 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-5	1127.	Sanz, Czerny, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	1095.	Rouseff, Jella, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 6. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 275. C
Capillary	DB-5MS	1107.	Suriyaphan, Drake, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min
Capillary	DB-5	1109.	Czerny and Grosch, 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	1081.	Kotseridis and Baumes, 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 60. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
Capillary	BP-5	1124.	Lopez, Ferreira, et al., 1999	50. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	OV-101	1063.	Roberts and Acree, 1996	35. C @ 3. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 12. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 225. C
Capillary	OV-101	1065.	Roberts and Acree, 1996	35. C @ 3. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 12. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 225. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CP-Sil 5 CB	1068.	Collin, Nizet, et al., 2012	50. m/0.32 mm/1.20 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 36 0C 20 0C/min -> 85 0C 1 0C/min -> 145 0C 3 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	CP Sil-5 CB	1068.	Bailly and Collin, 2010	50. m/0.32 mm/1.20 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 36 0C 20 0C/min -> 85 0C 1 0C/min -> 145 0C 3 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	DB-5	1114.	San-Juan, Petka, et al., 2010	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 100 0C 6 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
Capillary	CP-Sil 5 CB	1068.	Bailly, Jerkovic, et al., 2009	50. m/0.32 mm/1.20 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 36 0C 20 0C/min -> 85 0C 1 0C -> 145 0C 3 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	SE-54	1110.	Christlbauer and Schieberle, 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (2 min) 10 0C/min -> 50 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	RTX-5 MS	1118.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (5 min) 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 300 0C
Capillary	RTX-5 MS	1120.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5	1107.	Prat, Trias, et al., 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 40 0C 2 0C/min -> 12 0C/min -> 105 0C 6 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
Capillary	DB-5	1110.	Buettner, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	SE-54	1109.	Lasekan, Buettner, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	SE-54	1110.	Lasekan, Buettner, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	CP-Sil 5 CB	1068.	Bailly, Jerkovic, et al., 2006	50. m/0.32 mm/1.20 μm, Helium; Program: 36 0C 20 0C/min -> 85 0C 1 0C/min -> 1345 0C 3 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	1068.	Bailly, Jerkovic, et al., 2006, 2	50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C
Capillary	DB-5	1105.	Tokitomo, Steihaus, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 40 0C/min -> 60 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 240 0C (5 min)
Capillary	SE-54	1110.	Buettner, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	MFE-73	1114.	Escudero, Gogorza, et al., 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-54	1110.	Buettner, Mestres, et al., 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	HP-5MS	1112.	Martí, Mestres, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(5min) => 2C/min => 120C => 10C/min => 210C (30min)
Capillary	MFE-73	1114.	Ferreira, Ortín, et al., 2002	H2; Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-54	1122.	Lizárraga-Guerra, Guth, et al., 1997	He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35C => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C
Capillary	SE-54	1110.	Schermann and Schieberle, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C
Capillary	SE-54	1107.	Blank, Sen, et al., 1992	Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	2195.	Kumazawa, Sakai, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	FFAP	2194.	Christlbauer and Schieberle, 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2192.	Zeller and Rychlik, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	2235.	Culleré, Escudero, et al., 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	2225.	López, Ezpeleta, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	2243.	López, Ortín, et al., 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2186.	Czerny and Schieberle, 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2186.	Czerny and Schieberle, 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2235.	Ferreira, Ortín, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	2204.	Kumazawa and Masuda, 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2191.	Sanz, Czerny, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2225.	Aznar, López, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2225.	Ferreira, Aznar, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min
Capillary	HP-FFAP	2206.	Preininger and Ullrich, 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min; T_start: 35. C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2192.	Suriyaphan, Drake, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min
Capillary	FFAP	2185.	Czerny and Grosch, 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	2245.	Escudero, Cacho, et al., 2000	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	2193.	Kotseridis and Baumes, 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 60. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	2169.	Lopez, Ferreira, et al., 1999	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	2205.	Roberts and Acree, 1996	50. C @ 3. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 225. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	FFAP-CB	2213.	Collin, Nizet, et al., 2012	25. m/0.32 mm/0.30 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 36 0C 20 0C/min -> 85 0C 1 0C/min -> 145 0C 3 0C/min -> 220 0C
Capillary	DB-Wax	2190.	Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	2195.	Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	FFAP	2213.	Bailly and Collin, 2010	25. m/0.32 mm/0.30 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 36 0C 20 0C/min -> 85 0C 1 0C/min -> 145 0C 3 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	DB-Wax	2204.	San-Juan, Petka, et al., 2010	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 100 0C 6 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
Capillary	FFAP	2213.	Bailly, Jerkovic, et al., 2009	25. m/0.32 mm/0.30 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 36 0C 20 0C/min -> 85 0C 1 0C -> 145 0C 3 0C/min -> 230 0C
Capillary	DB-Wax	2204.	Ferreira, Juan, et al., 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 100 0C 6 0C/min -> 220 0C (40 min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2193.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2196.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	2217.	Prat, Trias, et al., 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 40 0C 2 0C/min -> 12 0C/min -> 105 0C 6 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
Capillary	FFAP	2214.	Frauendorfer and Schieberle, 2008	Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SOLGel-Wax	2172.	Shu and Shen, 2008	30. m/0.53 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 7 0C/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min)
Capillary	SOLGel-Wax	2180.	Shu and Shen, 2008	30. m/0.53 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2196.	Buettner, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2190.	Lasekan, Buettner, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	FFAP-CB	2213.	Bailly, Jerkovic, et al., 2006	25. m/0.32 mm/0.30 μm, Helium; Program: 36 0C 20 0C/min -> 85 0C 1 0C/min -> 1345 0C 3 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	FFAP	2213.	Bailly, Jerkovic, et al., 2006, 2	25. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm, He; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C
Capillary	CP-Wax 58CB	2181.	Tokitomo, Steihaus, et al., 2005	25. m/0.32 mm/0.20 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 40 0C/min -> 60 0C (1 min) 6 0C/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 240 0C (5 min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2192.	Buettner, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	2235.	Escudero, Gogorza, et al., 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	FFAP	2188.	Buettner, Mestres, et al., 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C (10min
Capillary	CP-WAX 57CB	2239.	Martí, Mestres, et al., 2003	50. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 100C => 3C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 210C (10min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2200.	Mayer and Grosch, 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35 0C (2 min) 40 K/min -> 60 0C (1 min) 6 K/min -> 240 0C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2192.	Guth, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C (1min) => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C (10min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	2172.	Lizárraga-Guerra, Guth, et al., 1997	He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35C => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C
Capillary	FFAP	2182.	Schermann and Schieberle, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C
Capillary	FFAP	2182.	Schermann and Schieberle, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C
Capillary	FFAP	2192.	Guth and Grosch, 1994	Program: not specified
Capillary	FFAP	2215.	Blank and Schieberle, 1993	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (2 min) 40 0C/min -> 50 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 230 0C (10 min)
Capillary	FFAP	2192.	Guth and Grosch, 1993	Program: not specified
Capillary	FFAP	2200.	Blank, Sen, et al., 1992	Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Jarunrattanasri, Theerakulkait, et al., 2007
Jarunrattanasri, A.; Theerakulkait, C.; Cadwallader, K.R., Aroma Components of Acid-Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein Made by Partial Hydrolysis of Rice Bran Protein, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 8, 3044-3050, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0631474 . [all data]

Scheidig, Czerny, et al., 2007
Scheidig, C.; Czerny, M.; Schieberle, P., Changes in Key Odorants of Raw Coffee Beans during Storage under Defined Conditions, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 14, 5768-5775, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf070488o . [all data]

Steinhaus and Schieberle, 2007
Steinhaus, P.; Schieberle, P., Characterization of the key aroma compounds in soy sauce using approaches of molecular sensory science, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 15, 6262-6269, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0709092 . [all data]

Zeller and Rychlik, 2006
Zeller, A.; Rychlik, M., Character impact odorants of fennel fruits and fennel tea, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 10, 3686-3692, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052944j . [all data]

Carunchia Whetstine, Croissant, et al., 2005
Carunchia Whetstine, M.E.; Croissant, A.E.; Drake, M.A., Characterization of Dried Whey Protein Concentrate and Isolate Flavor, J. Dairy Sci., 2005, 88, 11, 3826-3839, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73068-X . [all data]

Colahan-Sederstrom and Peterson, 2005
Colahan-Sederstrom, P.M.; Peterson, D.G., Inhibition of key aroma compound generated during ultrahigh-temperature processing of bovine milk via epicatechin addition, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 2, 398-402, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0487248 . [all data]

Whetstine, Cadwallader, et al., 2005
Whetstine, M.E.C.; Cadwallader, K.R.; Drake, M.A., Characterization of aroma compounds responsible for the rosy/floral flavor in cheddar cheese, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 8, 3126-3132, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048278o . [all data]

Bell, 2004
Bell, W.A.-M., Examination of Aroma Volatiles Formed from Thermal Processing of Florida Reconstituted Grapefruit Juice. A Thesis presented to the graduate school of the university of Florida in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science, 2004. [all data]

Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 2004
Mahajan, S.S.; Goddik, L.; Qian, M.C., Aroma Compounds in Sweet Whey Powder, J. Dairy Sci., 2004, 87, 12, 4057-4063, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73547-X . [all data]

Chisholm, Jell, et al., 2003
Chisholm, M.G.; Jell, J.A.; Cass, D.M., Jr., Characterization of the major odorants found in the peel oil of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Clementine using gas chromatography-olfactometry, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 4, 275-281, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1188 . [all data]

Högnadóttir and Rouseff, 2003
Högnadóttir, Á.; Rouseff, R.L., Identification of aroma active compounds in organce essence oil using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 998, 1-2, 201-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00524-7 . [all data]

Karagül-Yüceer, Vlahovich, et al., 2003
Karagül-Yüceer, Y.; Vlahovich, K.N.; Drake, M.A.; Cadwallader, K.R., Characteristic aroma components of rennet casein, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 23, 6797-6801, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0345806 . [all data]

Valim, Rouseff, et al., 2003
Valim, M.F.; Rouseff, R.L.; Lin, J., Gas chromatographic-olfactometric characterization of aroma compounds in two types of cashew apple nectar, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 4, 1010-1015, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025738+ . [all data]

Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002
Karagül-Yüceer, Y.; Cadwallader, K.R.; Drake, M.A., Volatile flavor components of stored nonfat dry milk, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 2, 305-312, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010648a . [all data]

Zhou, Wintersteen, et al., 2002
Zhou, Q.; Wintersteen, C.L.; Cadwallader, K.R., Identification and quantification of aroma-active components that contribute to the distinct malty flavor of buckwheat honey, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 7, 2016-2021, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011436g . [all data]

Karagül-Yüceer, Drake, et al., 2001
Karagül-Yüceer, Y.; Drake, M.; Cadwallader, K.R., Aroma-active components of nonfat dry milk, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 6, 2948-2953, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0009854 . [all data]

Escudero, Cacho, et al., 2000
Escudero, A.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V., Isolation and identification of odorants generated in wine during its oxidation: a gas chromatography-olfactometric study, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2000, 211, 2, 105-110, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002179900128 . [all data]

Escudero, Campo, et al., 2007
Escudero, A.; Campo, E.; Fariña, L.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V., Analytical Characterization of the Aroma of Five Premium Red Wines. Insights into the Role of Odor Families and the Concept of Fruitiness of Wines, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 11, 4501-4510, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0636418 . [all data]

Schuh and Schieberle, 2006
Schuh, C.; Schieberle, P., Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in the Beverage Prepared from Darjeeling Black Tea: Quantitative Differences between Tea Leaves and Infusion, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 3, 916-924, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052495n . [all data]

Klesk and Qian, 2003
Klesk, K.; Qian, M., Aroma extract dilution analysis of Cv. Marion (Rubus spp. hyb) and Cv. Evergreen (R. Iaciniatus L.) blackberries, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 11, 3436-3441, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0262209 . [all data]

Jezussek, Juliano, et al., 2002
Jezussek, M.; Juliano, B.O.; Schieberle, P., Comparison of key aroma compounds in cooked brown rice varieties based on aroma extract dilution analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 5, 1101-1105, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0108720 . [all data]

Munk, Munch, et al., 2000
Munk, S.; Munch, P.; Stahnke, L.; Adler-Nissen., J.; Schieberle, P., Primary odorants of laundry soiled with sweat/sebum: influence of lipase on the odor profile, Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2000, 3, 4, 505-515, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-000-0150-z . [all data]

Zimmermann and Schieberle, 2000
Zimmermann, M.; Schieberle, P., Important odorants of sweet bell pepper powder (Capsicum annuum cv. annuum): differences between samples of Hungarian and Morrocan origin, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2000, 211, 3, 175-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050019 . [all data]

Fickert and Schieberle, 1998
Fickert, B.; Schieberle, P., Identification of the key odorants in barley malt (caramalt) using GC/MS techniques and odour dilution analyses, Nahrung, 1998, 42, 6, 371-375, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-3803(199812)42:06<371::AID-FOOD371>3.0.CO;2-V . [all data]

Hinterholzer, Lemos, et al., 1998
Hinterholzer, A.; Lemos, T.; Schieberle, P., Identification of the key odorants in raw French beans and changes during cooking, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A, 1998, 207, 3, 219-222, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050322 . [all data]

Hofmann and Schieberle, 1998
Hofmann, T.; Schieberle, P., Identification of key aroma compounds generated from cysteine and carbohydrates under roasting conditions, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A, 1998, 207, 3, 229-236, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050324 . [all data]

Hofmann and Schieberle, 1997
Hofmann, T.; Schieberle, P., Identification of potent aroma compounds in thermally treated mixtures of glucose/cysteine and rhamnose/cysteine using aroma extract dilution techniques, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 3, 898-906, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960456t . [all data]

Münch, Hofmann, et al., 1997
Münch, P.; Hofmann, T.; Schieberle, P., Comparison of key odorants generated by thermal treatment of commercial and self-prepared yeast extracts: influence of the amino acid composition on odorant formation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 4, 1338-1344, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960658p . [all data]

Hofmann and Schieberle, 1995
Hofmann, T.; Schieberle, P., Evaluation of the key odorants in a thermally treated solution of ribose and cysteine by aroma extract dilution techniques, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 8, 2187-2194, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00056a042 . [all data]

Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 2006
Gurbuz O.; Rouseff J.M.; Rouseff R.L., Comparison of aroma volatiles in commercial Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon wines using gas chromatography - Olfactometry and gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 11, 3990-3996, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf053278p . [all data]

Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 2004
Avsar, Y.K.; Karagul-Yuceer, Y.; Drake, M.A.; Singh, T.K.; Yoon, Y.; Cadwallader, K.R., Characterization of nutty flavor in cheddar cheese, J. Dairy Sci., 2004, 87, 7, 1999-2010, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)70017-X . [all data]

Escudero and Etiévant, 1999
Escudero, A.; Etiévant, P., Effect of antioxidants on the flavor characteristics and the gas chromatography/olfactometry profiles of champagne extracts, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 8, 3303-3308, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9813790 . [all data]

Stephan and Steinhart, 1999
Stephan, A.; Steinhart, H., Identification of character impact odorants of different soybean lecithins, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 7, 2854-2859, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981387g . [all data]

Majcher and Jelen, 2007
Majcher, M.A.; Jelen, H.H., Effect of Cysteine and Cystine Addition on Sensory Profile and Potent Odorants of Extruded Potato Snacks, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 14, 5754-5760, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0703147 . [all data]

Frauendorfer and Schieberle, 2006
Frauendorfer, F.; Schieberle, P., Identification of the key aroma compounds in Cocoa powder based on molecular sensoly correlations, J. Agr. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 15, 5521-5529, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060728k . [all data]

Fritsch and Schieberle, 2005
Fritsch, H.T.; Schieberle, P., Identification based on quantitative measurements and aroma recombination of the character impact odorants in a Bavarian Pilsner-type beer, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 19, 7544-7551, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051167k . [all data]

Majcher and Jelén, 2005
Majcher, M.A.; Jelén, H.H., Identification of potent odorants formed during the preparation of extruded potato snacks, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 16, 6432-6437, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050412x . [all data]

Klesk, Qian, et al., 2004
Klesk, K.; Qian, M.; Martin, R.R., Aroma extract dilution analysis of cv. meeker (Rubus idaeus L.) red raspberries from Oregon and Washington, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 16, 5155-5161, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0498721 . [all data]

Kirchhoff and Schieberle, 2002
Kirchhoff, E.; Schieberle, P., Quantitation of odor-active compounds in rye flour and rye sourdough using stable isotope dilution assays, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 19, 5378-5385, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020236h . [all data]

Kirchhoff and Schieberle, 2001
Kirchhoff, E.; Schieberle, P., Determination of key aroma compounds in the crumb of a three-stage sourdough rye bread by stable isotope dilution assays and sensory studies, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 9, 4304-4311, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010376b . [all data]

Rychlik and Bosset, 2001
Rychlik, M.; Bosset, J.O., Flavour and off-flavour compoundsof SwissGruy ere cheese. Evaluation of potent odorants, Int. Dairy J., 2001, 11, 11-12, 895-901, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00108-X . [all data]

Jagella and Grosch, 1999
Jagella, T.; Grosch, W., Flavour and off-flavour compounds of black and white pepper ( Piper nigrum L.) I. Evaluation of potent odorants of black pepper by dilution and concentration techniques, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 1999, 209, 1, 16-21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050449 . [all data]

Mutti and Grosch, 1999
Mutti, B.; Grosch, W., Potent odorants of boiled potatoes, Nahrung, 1999, 43, 5, 302-306, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-3803(19991001)43:5<302::AID-FOOD302>3.0.CO;2-8 . [all data]

Kubícková and Grosch, 1997
Kubícková, J.; Grosch, W., Evaluation of potent odorants of camembert cheese by dilution and concentration techniques, Int. Dairy J., 1997, 7, 1, 65-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(96)00044-1 . [all data]

Laselan, Buettner, et al., 2009
Laselan, P.; Buettner, A.; Christlbauer, M., Investigation of the retronasal perseption of palm wine (Elaeis guineensis) aroma by application of sensory analysis and exhaled odorant measurement (EXOM), African J. of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and development, 2009, 9, 2, 793-813. [all data]

Zellner, Bicchi, et al., 2008
Zellner, B.d'A.; Bicchi, C.; Dugo, P.; Rubiolo, P.; Dugo, G.; Mondello, L., Linear retention indices in gas chromatographic analysis: a review, Flavour Fragrance J., 2008, 23, 5, 297-314, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1887 . [all data]

Zeller and Rychlik, 2007
Zeller, A.; Rychlik, M., Impact of estragole and other odorants on the flavour of anise and tarragon, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 2, 105-113, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1765 . [all data]

Czerny and Schieberle, 2002
Czerny, M.; Schieberle, P., Important aroma compounds in freshly ground wholemeal and white wheat flour-identification and quantitative changes during sourdough fermentation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 23, 6835-6840, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020638p . [all data]

Kumazawa and Masuda, 2002
Kumazawa, K.; Masuda, H., Identification of potent odorants in different green tea varieties using flavor dilution technique, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 20, 5660-5663, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020498j . [all data]

Sanz, Czerny, et al., 2002
Sanz, C.; Czerny, M.; Cid, C.; Schieberle, P., Comparison of potent odorants in a filtered coffee brew and in an instant coffee beverage by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2002, 214, 4, 299-302, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-001-0459-9 . [all data]

Rouseff, Jella, et al., 2001
Rouseff, R.; Jella, P.; Bazemore, R.; Yang, J.-J., Aroma active internal standards for gas chromatography-olfactometry of grapefruit juices, Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser., 2001, 782, 73-87. [all data]

Suriyaphan, Drake, et al., 2001
Suriyaphan, O.; Drake, M.; Chen, X.Q.; Cadwallader, K.R., Characteristic aroma components of British farmhouse cheddar cheese, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 3, 1382-1387, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001121l . [all data]

Czerny and Grosch, 2000
Czerny, M.; Grosch, W., Potent odorants of raw Arabica coffee. Their changes during roasting, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 3, 868-872, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990609n . [all data]

Kotseridis and Baumes, 2000
Kotseridis, Y.; Baumes, R., Identification of impact odorants in Bordeaux red grape juice, in the commercial yeast used for its fermentation, and in the produced wine, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 2, 400-406, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990565i . [all data]

Lopez, Ferreira, et al., 1999
Lopez, R.; Ferreira, V.; Hernandez, P.; Cacho, J.F., Identification of impact odorants of young red wines made with Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache grape varieties: a comparative study, J. Sci. Food Agric., 1999, 79, 11, 1461-1467, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199908)79:11<1461::AID-JSFA388>3.0.CO;2-K . [all data]

Roberts and Acree, 1996
Roberts, D.D.; Acree, T.E., Effects of heating and cream addition on fresh raspberry aroma using a retronasal aroma simulator and gas chromatography olfactometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 12, 3919-3925, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf950701t . [all data]

Collin, Nizet, et al., 2012
Collin, S.; Nizet, S.; Bouuaert, T.C.; Despartures, P.-M., MAin odorants in Jura Flor-Sherry wines. Relative contributions of sotolon, abhexon, and theaspirane-derived compounds, J. Agr. Food Chem., 2012, 60, 1, 380-381, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf203832c . [all data]

Bailly and Collin, 2010
Bailly, S.; Collin, S., Fate of polyunsaturated thiols in sauternes wines through ageing in Expression of Multidisciplinary Flavour Sci., Blank, I.; Wust, M.; Yertzian, C., ed(s)., Zhaw Ed., 2010, 227-230, retrieved from https://home.zhaw.ch/tildayere/pdf/Teil58-Expression of Multidisciplinary.pdf. [all data]

San-Juan, Petka, et al., 2010
San-Juan, F.; Petka, J.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V.; Escudero, A., Producing headspace extracts for the gas chromatography - olphactometric evaluation of wine aroma, Food Chemistry, 2010, 123, 1, 188-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.129 . [all data]

Bailly, Jerkovic, et al., 2009
Bailly, S.; Jerkovic, V.; Meuree, A.; Timmermans, A.; Collin, S., Fate of key odorants in Sauternes wines through aging, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 18, 8557-8563, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf901429d . [all data]

Christlbauer and Schieberle, 2009
Christlbauer, M.; Schieberle, P., Characterization of the key aroma compounds in beef and pork vegetable gravies a la chef by application of the aroma extract dilution analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 19, 9114-9112, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9023189 . [all data]

Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009
Mebazaa, R.; Mahmoudi, A.; Fouchet, M.; Dos Santos, M.; Kamissoko, F.; Nafti, A.; Ben Cheikh, R.; Rega, B.; Camel, V., Characterization of volatile compounds in Tunisian fenugreek seeds, Food Chem., 2009, 115, 4, 1326-1336, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.066 . [all data]

Prat, Trias, et al., 2009
Prat, C.; Trias, R.; Cullere, L.; Escudero, A.; Antico, E.; BAneras, L., Off-odor compounds produced in cork by isolated bacteria and fungi: a gas chromatography - mass spectrometry and gas chromatography - olfactometry study, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 16, 7473-7479, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900723s . [all data]

Buettner, 2007
Buettner, A., A selective and sensitive approach to characterize odour-active and volatile constituents in small-scale human milk samples, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 6, 465-473, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1822 . [all data]

Lasekan, Buettner, et al., 2007
Lasekan, O.; Buettner, A.; Christlbauer, M., Investigation of important odorants of palm wine (Elaeis guineensis), Food Chem., 2007, 105, 1, 15-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.12.052 . [all data]

Bailly, Jerkovic, et al., 2006
Bailly, S.; Jerkovic, V.; Collin, S., Identification of key-odorants in Sauternes wines, Identification of key-odorants in Sauternes wines, 5th International Terroir Congress, 2006, 4. [all data]

Bailly, Jerkovic, et al., 2006, 2
Bailly, S.; Jerkovic, V.; Marchand-Brynaert, J.; Collin, S., Aroma Extraction Dilution Analysis of Sauternes Wines. Key Role of Polyfunctional Thiols, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 19, 7227-7234, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060814k . [all data]

Tokitomo, Steihaus, et al., 2005
Tokitomo, Y.; Steihaus, M.; Buttner, A.; Schieberle, P., Odor-Active Constituents in Fresh Pineapple (ananas comosus [L.] Merr.) by Quamtitative and Sensory Evaluations, Biosci. Biotechnol, Biochem,, 2005, 69, 7, 1323-1330, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.69.1323 . [all data]

Buettner, 2004
Buettner, A., Investigation of potent odorants and afterodor development in two chardonnay wines using the Buccal Odor Screening System (BOSS), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 8, 2339-2346, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035322b . [all data]

Escudero, Gogorza, et al., 2004
Escudero, A.; Gogorza, B.; Melús, M.A.; Ortín, N.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V., Characterization of the aroma of a wine from Maccabeo. Key role played by compounds with low odor activity values, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 11, 3516-3524, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035341l . [all data]

Buettner, Mestres, et al., 2003
Buettner, A.; Mestres, M.; Fischer, A.; Guasch, J.; Schieberle, P., Evaluation of the most odour-active compounds in the peel oil of clementines ( citrus reticulata blanco cv. clementine), Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2003, 216, 11-14. [all data]

Martí, Mestres, et al., 2003
Martí, M.P.; Mestres, M.; Sala, C.; Busto, O.; Guasch, J., Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography olfactometry analysis of successively diluted samples. A new approach of the aroma extract dilution analysis applied to the characterization of wine aroma, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 27, 7861-7865, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0345604 . [all data]

Ferreira, Ortín, et al., 2002
Ferreira, V.; Ortín, N.; Escudero, A.; López, R.; Cacho, J., Chemical characterization of the aroma of grenache Rosé wines: aroma extract dilution analysis, quantitative determination, and sensory reconstitution studies, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 14, 4048-4054, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0115645 . [all data]

Lizárraga-Guerra, Guth, et al., 1997
Lizárraga-Guerra, R.; Guth, H.; López, M.G., Identification of the most potent odorants in huitlacoche (Ustilago maydis) and austern pilzen (Pleurotus sp.) by aroma extract dilution analysis and static head-space samples, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 4, 1329-1332, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960650f . [all data]

Schermann and Schieberle, 1997
Schermann, P.; Schieberle, P., Evaluation of key odorants in milk chocolate and cocoa mass by aroma extract dilution analyses, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 3, 867-872, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960670h . [all data]

Blank, Sen, et al., 1992
Blank, I.; Sen, A.; Grosch, W., Potent odorants of the roasted powder and brew of Arabica coffee, Z. Lebensm. Unters Forsch., 1992, 195, 3, 239-245, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01202802 . [all data]

Kumazawa, Sakai, et al., 2010
Kumazawa, K.; Sakai, N.; Amma, H.; Sakamoto, S.; Kodama, M.; Wada, Y.; Nishimura, O., Identification and formation of volatile components responsible for the characteristic aroma of Mat Rush (Igusa), Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2010, 74, 6, 1231-1236, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.100053 . [all data]

Culleré, Escudero, et al., 2004
Culleré, L.; Escudero, A.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V., Gas chromatography-olfactometry and chemical quantitative study of the aroma of six premium auality Spanish aged red wines, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 6, 1653-1660, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0350820 . [all data]

López, Ezpeleta, et al., 2004
López, R.; Ezpeleta, E.; Sánchez, I.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V., Analysis of the aroma intensities of volatile compounds released from mild acid hydrolysates of odourless precursors extracted from Tempranillo and Grenache grapes using gas chromatography-olfactometry, Food Chem., 2004, 88, 1, 95-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.01.025 . [all data]

López, Ortín, et al., 2003
López, R.; Ortín, N.; Pérez-Trujillo, J.P.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V., Impact odorants of different young white wines from the Canary islands, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 11, 3419-3425, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf026045w . [all data]

Aznar, López, et al., 2001
Aznar, M.; López, R.; Cacho, J.F.; Ferreira, V., Identification and quantification of impact odorants of aged red wines from Rioja. GC-olfactometry, quantitative GC-MS, and odor evaluation of HPLC fractions, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 6, 2924-2929, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001372u . [all data]

Ferreira, Aznar, et al., 2001
Ferreira, V.; Aznar, M.; López, R.; Cacho, J., Quantitative gas chromatography-olfactometry carried out at different dilutions of an extract. Differences in the odor profiles of four high-quality spanish aged red wines, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 10, 4818-4824, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010283u . [all data]

Preininger and Ullrich, 2001
Preininger, M.; Ullrich, F., Trace compound analysis for off-flavor characterization of micromilled milk powder, Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser., 2001, 782, 46-61. [all data]

Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012
Welke, J.E.; Manfroi, V.; Zanus, M.; Lazarotto, M.; Zini, C.A., Characterization of the volatile profile of Brazilian merlot wines through comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 2012, 1226, 124-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.002 . [all data]

Ferreira, Juan, et al., 2009
Ferreira, V.; Juan, F.S.; Escudero, A.; Cullere, L.; Fernandez-Zurbano, P.; Saenz-Navajas, M.P.; Cacho, J., Modeling quality of premium Spanish red wines from gas chromatography-olfactometry data, J. Agr. Food. Chem., 2009, 57, 16, 7490-7498, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9006483 . [all data]

Frauendorfer and Schieberle, 2008
Frauendorfer, F.; Schieberle, P., Changes in key aroma compounds of criollo cocoa beans during roasting, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56, 21, 10244-10251, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf802098f . [all data]

Shu and Shen, 2008
Shu, N.; Shen, H., Aroma-impact compounds in Lysimachia foenum-graecum extracts, Flavour Fragr. J., 2008, 24, 1, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1908 . [all data]

Mayer and Grosch, 2001
Mayer, F.; Grosch, W., Aroma simulation on the basis of the odourant composition of roasted coffee headspace, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 3, 180-190, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.975 . [all data]

Guth, 1997
Guth, H., Identification of character impact odorants of different white wine varieties, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 8, 3022-3026, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9608433 . [all data]

Guth and Grosch, 1994
Guth, H.; Grosch, W., Identification of the character impact odorants of stewed beef juice by instrumental analyses and sensory studies, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 12, 2862-2866, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00048a039 . [all data]

Blank and Schieberle, 1993
Blank, I.; Schieberle, P., Analysis of the seasoning-like flavour substances of a commercial lovage extract (Levisticum officinale Koch.), Flavour Fragr. J., 1993, 8, 4, 191-195, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2730080405 . [all data]

Guth and Grosch, 1993
Guth, H.; Grosch, W., 12-Methyltridecanal, a species-specific odorant of stewed beef, Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., 1993, 26, 2, 171-177, https://doi.org/10.1006/fstl.1993.1035 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.