1,1'-Biphenyl, 4,4'-dichloro-
- Formula: C12H8Cl2
- Molecular weight: 223.098
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: YTBRNEUEFCNVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 2050-68-2
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Biphenyl, 4,4'-dichloro-; p,p-DCBP; p,p'-Dichlorobiphenyl; 4,4'-Dichloro-1,1'-biphenyl; 4,4'-Dichlorobiphenyl; PCB 15
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | 120. | kJ/mol | Ccr | Smith, Gorin, et al., 1964 |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°solid | 16.5 | kJ/mol | Ccr | Smith, Gorin, et al., 1964 | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°solid | -5927.10 ± 0.63 | kJ/mol | Ccr | Smith, Gorin, et al., 1964 | |
ΔcH°solid | -5813.54 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Brull, 1935 |
Phase change data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 590.2 | K | N/A | Weast and Grasselli, 1989 | BS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 422.5 | K | N/A | Sangster and Irvine, 1956 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC |
Tfus | 420. | K | N/A | Kaluszyner and Reuter, 1953 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 3. K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 81.4 ± 0.3 | kJ/mol | CGC | Puri, Chickos, et al., 2001 | AC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔsubH° | 104. ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | V | Smith, Gorin, et al., 1964 | ALS |
ΔsubH° | 103.8 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | ME | Smith, Gorin, et al., 1964 | Based on data from 303. to 360. K. See also Cox and Pilcher, 1970.; AC |
ΔsubH° | 91.2 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | ME | Smith, Gorin, et al., 1964 | Based on data from 294. to 318. K. See also Cox and Pilcher, 1970.; AC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
76.0 | 368. | GC | Falconer and Bidleman, 1994 | Based on data from 343. to 393. K.; AC |
Enthalpy of sublimation
ΔsubH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
95.3 ± 1.3 | 283. | GS | Wania, Shiu, et al., 1994 | Based on data from 263. to 303. K.; AC |
103.7 | 331. | ME | Smith, Gorin, et al., 1964 | Based on data from 303. to 360. K. See also Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987.; AC |
91.4 | 306. | ME | Smith, Gorin, et al., 1964 | Based on data from 294. to 318. K.; AC |
Henry's Law data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Rolf Sander
Henry's Law constant (water solution)
kH(T) = k°H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)
k°H (mol/(kg*bar)) | d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
5.0 | M | Dunnivant, Coates, et al., 1988 | ||
9.1 | X | Burkhard, Armstrong, et al., 1985 | Value given here as quoted by Dunnivant, Coates, et al., 1988. | |
6.8 | X | N/A | Value given here as quoted by Dunnivant, Coates, et al., 1988. | |
3.3 | X | N/A | Value given here as quoted by Dunnivant, Coates, et al., 1988. Value at "room temperature". |
IR Spectrum
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Gas Phase Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Owner | NIST Standard Reference Data Program Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | Sadtler Research Labs Under US-EPA Contract |
State | gas |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1990. |
NIST MS number | 113425 |
Gas Chromatography
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | OV-101 | 200. | 1775. | Albro, Haseman, et al., 1977 | Chromosorb W HP (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Capillary | OV-101 | 150. | 1743. | Zell, Neu, et al., 1977 | Column length: 27. m |
Capillary | OV-101 | 150. | 1743. | Zell, Neu, et al., 1977 | Column length: 27. m |
Capillary | OV-101 | 180. | 1762.9 | Krupcik, Leclercq, et al., 1976 | Column length: 50. m |
Capillary | OV-101 | 190. | 1772.3 | Krupcik, Leclercq, et al., 1976 | Column length: 50. m |
Capillary | OV-101 | 200. | 1781.8 | Krupcik, Leclercq, et al., 1976 | Column length: 50. m |
Capillary | OV-101 | 200. | 1781.8 | Krupcik, Leclercq, et al., 1976 | Column length: 50. m |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 1746. | Kozloski, 1985 | He, 5. K/min; Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.21 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 210. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-5 | 1776. | Zenkevich, Moeder, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 20. min |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 1735. | Nakano, Tsuji, et al., 1987 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 130. C; Tend: 280. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Apolane | 1788. | Bush, Murphy, et al., 1985 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 70 0C (2 min) 10 0C/min (6 min) 2 0C/min -> 250 0C |
Capillary | Apolane | 1792. | Bush, Murphy, et al., 1985 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 70 0C (2 min) 10 0C/min (6 min) 2 0C/min -> 250 0C |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Smith, Gorin, et al., 1964
Smith, N.K.; Gorin, G.; Good, W.D.; McCullough, J.P.,
The heats of combustion, sublimation, and formation of four dihalobiphenyls,
J. Phys. Chem., 1964, 68, 940-946. [all data]
Brull, 1935
Brull, L.,
Sui calori di combustione di alcuni derivati del bifenil,
Gazz. Chim. Ital., 1935, 65, 19-28. [all data]
Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]
Sangster and Irvine, 1956
Sangster, R.C.; Irvine, J.W.,
Study of Organic Scintillators,
J. Chem. Phys., 1956, 24, 670. [all data]
Kaluszyner and Reuter, 1953
Kaluszyner, A.; Reuter, S.,
The Reaction of Ethyl Trichloroacette with Aromatic Grignard Compounds,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1953, 75, 5126. [all data]
Puri, Chickos, et al., 2001
Puri, Swati; Chickos, James S.; Welsh, William J.,
Determination of Vaporization Enthalpies of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Correlation Gas Chromatography,
Anal. Chem., 2001, 73, 7, 1480-1484, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac001246p
. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press Inc., London, 1970, 643. [all data]
Falconer and Bidleman, 1994
Falconer, Renee L.; Bidleman, Terry F.,
Vapor pressures and predicted particle/gas distributions of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners as functions of temperature and ortho-chlorine substitution,
Atmospheric Environment, 1994, 28, 3, 547-554, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90130-9
. [all data]
Wania, Shiu, et al., 1994
Wania, Frank; Shiu, Wan-Ying; Mackay, Donald,
Measurement of the Vapor Pressure of Several Low-Volatility Organochlorine Chemicals at Low Temperatures with a Gas Saturation Method,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1994, 39, 3, 572-577, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00015a039
. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Dunnivant, Coates, et al., 1988
Dunnivant, F.M.; Coates, J.T.; Elzerman, A.W.,
Experimentally Determined Henry's Law Constants for 17 Polychlorobiphenyl Congeners,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 1988, 22, 448-453. [all data]
Burkhard, Armstrong, et al., 1985
Burkhard, L.P.; Armstrong, D.E.; Andren, A.W.,
Henry's Law Constants for the Polychlorinated Biphenyls,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 1985, 19, 590-596. [all data]
Albro, Haseman, et al., 1977
Albro, P.W.; Haseman, J.K.; Clemmer, T.A.; Corbett, B.J.,
Identification of the Individual Polychlorinated Biphenyls in a Mixture by Gas-Liquid Chromatography,
J. Chromatogr., 1977, 136, 1, 147-153, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)83003-4
. [all data]
Zell, Neu, et al., 1977
Zell, M.; Neu, H.J.; Ballschmiter, K.,
Identifizierung der PCB-Komponenten durch retentionsindexvergleich nach kapillar-gaschromatographie,
Chemosphere, 1977, 2/3, 2-3, 69-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(77)90047-9
. [all data]
Krupcik, Leclercq, et al., 1976
Krupcik, J.; Leclercq, P.A.; Símová, A.; Suchánek, P.; Collák, M.; Hrivnák, J.,
Possibilities and limitations of capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls,
J. Chromatogr., 1976, 119, 271-283, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86791-6
. [all data]
Kozloski, 1985
Kozloski, R.P.,
Polychlorinated biphenyl retention time standards obtained by chemical dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyl isomers,
J. Chromatogr., 1985, 318, 211-219, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90682-X
. [all data]
Zenkevich, Moeder, et al., 2004
Zenkevich, I.G.; Moeder, M.; Koeller, G.; Schrader, S.,
Using new structurally related additive schemes in the precalculation of gas chromatographic retention indices of polychlorinated hydroxybiphenyls on HP-5 stationary phase,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2004, 1025, 2, 227-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.106
. [all data]
Nakano, Tsuji, et al., 1987
Nakano, T.; Tsuji, M.; Okuno, T.,
Analytical methods for PCB using GC/ECD and GC/MS with capillary column,
Report of the Environmental Science Institute of Hyoho Prefecture, 1987, 19, 57-62. [all data]
Bush, Murphy, et al., 1985
Bush, B.; Murphy, M.J.; Connor, S.; Snow, J.; Barnard, E.,
Improvements in Glass Capillary Gas Chromatographic Polychlorobiphenyl Analysis,
J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1985, 23, 11, 509-515, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/23.11.509
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Tboil Boiling point Tfus Fusion (melting) point d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant k°H Henry's Law constant at 298.15K ΔcH°solid Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°solid Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions ΔsubH Enthalpy of sublimation ΔsubH° Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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