Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-methylbutyl ester

Formula: C₉H₁₈O₂
Molecular weight: 158.2380
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C9H18O2/c1-7(2)5-6-11-9(10)8(3)4/h7-8H,5-6H2,1-4H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VFTGLSWXJMRZNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 2050-01-3
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: Isobutyric acid, isopentyl ester; iso-Amyl iso-butyrate; 3-Methylbutyl 2-methylpropanoate; 3-Methylbutyl isobutyrate; Isoamyl isobutanoate; Isopentyl isobutanoate; Isoamyl 2-methylpropanoate; Isopentyl alcohol, isobutyrate; 3-Methyl-1-butyl isobutyrate; Isopentyl isobutyrate; Isopentyl 2-methylpropanoate
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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Packed	SE-30	150.	994.	Ashes and Haken, 1974	Celaton (62-72 mesh); Column length: 3.7 m
Packed	OV-1	150.	998.	Ashes and Haken, 1971
Packed	SE-30	150.	998.	Germaine and Haken, 1969	Celite 560; Column length: 3.7 m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	BP-1	1000.	Srivastava, Ahmad, et al., 2003	25. m/0.55 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; T_start: 60. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SE-30	994.	Chretien and Dubois, 1978	Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1190.	Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978	He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 190. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-1	996.	Omidbaigi, Sefidkon, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	DB-5	1020.	Moio and Addeo, 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-5	1021.	Moio and Addeo, 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5MS	1013.4	Andriamaharavo, 2014	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C (1 min) => 5 C/min => 210C => 10 C/min => 280C (15 min)
Capillary	DB-1	996.	Eri, Khoo, et al., 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: -20C (5min) => 10C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 200C => 10C/min => 280C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Stabilwax	1214.	Fang and Qian, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1187.	Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1195.	Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 10C/min => 120C => 15C/min => 200C (1min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	VF-5 MS	1014.	Leffingwell and Alford, 2011	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; T_start: 30. C
Capillary	VF-5 MS	1015.	Leffingwell and Alford, 2011	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; T_start: 30. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1018.	Forero, Quijano, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	ZB-1	995.	Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 3. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-1	998.	Audino, Alzogaray, et al., 2007	He, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	HP-5	1021.	Pino, Sauri-Duch, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 10. min
Capillary	HP-5	1018.3	Leffingwell and Alford, 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
Capillary	ZB-1	995.	Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 3. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-5	1013.	Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	HP-5	1017.	Gallori, Flamini, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-1	994.	Shiota, 1993	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-1	998.	Shiota, 1993	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	OV-101	997.	Anker, Jurs, et al., 1990	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1014.	Nance and Setzer, 2011	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (10 min) 3 0C/min -> 200 0C 2 0C/min -> 220 0C
Capillary	SLB-5 MS	1014.	Costa, De Fina, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 3 0C/min -> 250 0C (1 min) 10 0C/min -> 300 0C (5 min)
Capillary	SLB-5 MS	1007.	Costa, De Fina, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-30	994.	Liu, Liang, et al., 2007	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	1011.	Splivallo, Bossi, et al., 2007	He; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 200C(10min) => 10C/min => 290C(10min)
Capillary	SE-52	1019.	Tognolini, Barocelli, et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He; Program: 45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C (10min)
Capillary	SE-30	997.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	992.	Lermusieau, Bulens, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 120C(20min) => 2C/min => 250C(30min)

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CP-Wax CB	1194.	Alves, da Penha, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 150. C @ 5. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1183.	Audino, Alzogaray, et al., 2007	He, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; Column length: 30. m; Phase thickness: 0.32 μm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1234.	Alves and Franco, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1183.	Wei, Mura, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1187.	Anker, Jurs, et al., 1990	2. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 170. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Innowax FSC	1195.	Polatoglu, Demirci, et al., 2010	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (10 min) 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (10 min) 1 0C/min -> 240 0C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1187.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Ashes and Haken, 1974
Ashes, J.R.; Haken, J.K., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. VI. Structure-retention increments of aliphatic esters, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 101, 1, 103-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94737-5 . [all data]

Ashes and Haken, 1971
Ashes, J.R.; Haken, J.K., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. Part V. Retention of aliphatic esters on non-polar, donar and acceptor stationary phases, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 60, 33-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)95527-4 . [all data]

Germaine and Haken, 1969
Germaine, R.W.; Haken, J.K., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. Part 1. Simple aliphatic esters, J. Chromatogr., 1969, 43, 33-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99162-3 . [all data]

Srivastava, Ahmad, et al., 2003
Srivastava, S.K.; Ahmad, A.; Syamsunder, K.V.; Aggarwal, K.K.; Shanuja, S.P.S., Essential oil composition of Callistemon viminalis leaves from India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 5, 361-363, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1143 . [all data]

Chretien and Dubois, 1978
Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J-E., Topological Analysis: A Technique for the Physico-Chemical Exploitation of Retention Data in Gas-Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1978, 158, 43-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)89954-9 . [all data]

Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978
Tressl, R.; Friese, L.; Fendesack, F.; Köppler, H., Gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric investigation of hop aroma constituents in beer, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1978, 26, 6, 1422-1426, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60220a037 . [all data]

Omidbaigi, Sefidkon, et al., 2004
Omidbaigi, R.; Sefidkon, F.; Kazemi, F., Influence of drying methods on the essential oil content and composition of Roman chamomile, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 3, 196-198, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1340 . [all data]

Moio and Addeo, 1998
Moio, L.; Addeo, F., Grana Padano cheese aroma, J. Dairy Res., 1998, 65, 2, 317-333, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029997002768 . [all data]

Andriamaharavo, 2014
Andriamaharavo, N.R., Retention Data. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center., NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 2014. [all data]

Eri, Khoo, et al., 2000
Eri, S.; Khoo, B.K.; Lech, J.; Hartman, T.G., Direct thermal desorption-gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) essential oils in support of varietal characterization, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 4, 1140-1149, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9911850 . [all data]

Fang and Qian, 2005
Fang, Y.; Qian, M., Aroma compounds in Oregon Pinot Noir wine determined by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 22-29, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1551 . [all data]

Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M., Retention indices in the analysis of food aroma volatile compounds in temperature-programmed gas chromatography: Database creation and evaluation of precision and robustness, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 39, 4, 563-572, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600393 . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2011
Leffingwell, J.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of the giant pufball mushroom (Calvatia gigantea), Leffingwell Rep., 2011, 4, 1-17. [all data]

Forero, Quijano, et al., 2008
Forero, M.D.; Quijano, C.E.; Pino, J.A., Volatile compounds of Chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum) at two ripening stages, Flavour Fragr. J., 2008, 24, 1, 25-30, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1913 . [all data]

Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2008
Mierendorff, H.-G.; Stahl-Biskup, E.; Posthumus, M.A.; van Beek, T.A., Composition of commercial Cape chamomile oil (Eriocephalus punctuatus / Eriocephalus tenuifolius), 2008, retrieved from http://www.chemische-analysen-hamburg.de/Publikationen?Cape_Chamomile_Oil/. [all data]

Audino, Alzogaray, et al., 2007
Audino, P.G.; Alzogaray, R.A.; Vassena, C.; Masuh, H.; Fontán, A.; Gatti, P.; Martínez, A.; Camps, F.; Cork, A.; Zerba, E., Volatile compounds secreted by Brindley's glands of adult Triatoma infestans: identification and biological activity of previously unidentified compounds, Journal of Vector Ecology, 2007, 32, 1, 75-82, https://doi.org/10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[75:VCSBBO]2.0.CO;2 . [all data]

Pino, Sauri-Duch, et al., 2006
Pino, J.; Sauri-Duch, E.; Marbot, R., Changes in volatile compounds of Habanero chile pepper (Capsicum chinense Jack. cv. Habanero) at two ripening stages, Food Chem., 2006, 94, 3, 394-398, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.11.040 . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2005
Leffingwell, J.C.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of Perique tobacco, Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 4, 2, 899-915. [all data]

Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2003
Mierendorff, H.-G.; Stahl-Biskup, E.; Posthumus, M.A.; van Beek, T.A., Composition of commercial Cape chamomile oil (Eriocephalus punctulatus), Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 6, 510-514, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1259 . [all data]

Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 2002
Zoghbi, M.G.B.; Andrade, E.H.A.; da Silva, M.H.; Maia, J.G.S.; Luz, A.I.R.; da Silva, J.D., Chemical variation in the essential oils of Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth., Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 1, 5-8, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1031 . [all data]

Gallori, Flamini, et al., 2001
Gallori, S.; Flamini, G.; Bilia, A.R.; Morelli, I.; Landini, A.; Vincieri, F.F., Chemical composition of some traditional herbal drug preparations: essential oil and aromatic water of costmary (Balsamita suaveolens Pers.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 12, 5907-5910, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0107656 . [all data]

Shiota, 1993
Shiota, H., New esteric components in the volatiles of banana fruit (Musa sapientum L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 11, 2056-2062, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00035a046 . [all data]

Anker, Jurs, et al., 1990
Anker, L.S.; Jurs, P.C.; Edwards, P.A., Quantitative structure-retention relationship studies of odor-active aliphatic compounds with oxygen-containing functional groups, Anal. Chem., 1990, 62, 24, 2676-2684, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00223a006 . [all data]

Nance and Setzer, 2011
Nance, M.R.; Setzer, W.N., Volatile components of aroma hops (Humulus lupulus L.) commonly used in beer brewing, J. of Brewing and Distilling, 2011, 2, 2, 16-22. [all data]

Costa, De Fina, et al., 2008
Costa, R.; De Fina, M.R.; Valentino, M.R.; Rustaiyan, A.; Dugo, P.; Dugo, G.; Mondello, L., An investigation on the volatile composition of some Artemisia species from Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 2008, 24, 2, 75-82, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1919 . [all data]

Liu, Liang, et al., 2007
Liu, F.; Liang, Y.; Cao, C.; Zhou, N., QSPR study of GC retention indices for saturated esters on seven stationary phases based on novel topological indices, Talanta, 2007, 72, 4, 1307-1315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2007.01.038 . [all data]

Splivallo, Bossi, et al., 2007
Splivallo, R.; Bossi, S.; Maffei, M.; Bonfante, P., Discrimination of truffle fruiting body versus mycelial aromas by stir bar sorptive extraction, Phytochemistry, 2007, 68, 20, 2584-2598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.030 . [all data]

Tognolini, Barocelli, et al., 2006
Tognolini, M.; Barocelli, E.; Ballabeni, V.; Bruni, R.; Bianchi, A.; Chiavarini, M.; Impicciatore, M., Comparative screening of plant essential oils: Phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity, Life Sciences, 2006, 78, 13, 1419-1432, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.07.020 . [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Lermusieau, Bulens, et al., 2001
Lermusieau, G.; Bulens, M.; Collin, S., Use of GC-olfactometry to identify the hop aromatic compounds in beer, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 8, 3867-3874, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0101509 . [all data]

Alves, da Penha, et al., 2012
Alves, V.C.C.; da Penha, M.F.A.; Pinto, N. deO.F.; Garruti, D. dosS., Volatile compounds profile of Musa FHIA 02: an option to counter losses by Black Sigatoka, Nat. Prod. J., 2012, 5, 55-60. [all data]

Alves and Franco, 2003
Alves, G.L.; Franco, M.R.B., Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of volatile compounds in murici (Byrsonima crassifolia L. Rich), J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 985, 1-2, 297-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01398-5 . [all data]

Wei, Mura, et al., 2001
Wei, A.; Mura, K.; Shibamoto, T., Antioxidative activity of volatile chemicals extracted from beer, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 8, 4097-4101, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010325e . [all data]

Polatoglu, Demirci, et al., 2010
Polatoglu, K.; Demirci, F.; Demirci, B.; Goren, N.; Baser, K.H.C., Antimicrobial activity and essential oil composition of a new T. argyrophyllum (C. Koch) Tvzel var. argyrophyllium chemotype, J. Oleo Sci., 2010, 59, 6, 307-313, https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.59.307 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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