Phenanthrene, 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1,1,4a-trimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, (4aS-trans)-


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

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NIST MS number 13061

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedOV-101190.2019.Kosyukova and Khorguani, 1989Chromaton N-AW-DMCS; Column length: 2.5 m
CapillarySE-30170.2013.Perry and Weavers, 1984 
CapillarySE-30190.2034.Perry and Weavers, 1984 

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-52057.Adams, Morris, et al., 200530. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 246. C
CapillaryDB-52054.Adams and Nguyen, 200530. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 246. C
CapillaryHP-5MS2054.Salido, Altarejos, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySE-542054.Adams, 200030. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 246. C
CapillaryDB-52054.Adams, 2000, 230. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillarySE-542054.Adams, 2000, 330. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 246. C
CapillaryDB-52054.Adams, 2000, 430. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 246. C
CapillaryDB-52054.Adams, 199930. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 246. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-52054.Adams, 199830. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedCarbowax 20M170.2482.Kosyukova and Khorguani, 1989Chromaton N-AW-DMCS; Column length: 2.5 m
PackedCarbowax 20M190.2512.Kosyukova and Khorguani, 1989Chromaton N-AW-DMCS; Column length: 2.5 m
CapillaryCarbowax 20M190.2476.Perry and Weavers, 1984 

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-52052.Martins, Santos, et al., 200730. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillarySPB-12039.Radulovic, Lazarevic, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
CapillaryHP-5MS2058.Radulovic, Lazarevic, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryBP-12034.Boti, Bighelli, et al., 200650. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-52052.Dob, Dahmane, et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 60. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min
CapillaryBP-12041.Gonny, Cavaleiro, et al., 200650. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryHP-5MS2054.Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-12050.Tchoumbougnang, Zollo, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySE-542040.Alma, Nitz, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryHP-5MS2058.Grujic-Jovanovic, Skaltsa, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillarySPB-12018.Cavaleiro, Salgueiro, et al., 200330. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, He, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; Tstart: 70. C
CapillaryHP-52055.Macchioni, Cioni, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryHP-52058.Skaltsa, Demetzos, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillarySPB-12017.Cavaleiro, Salgueiro, et al., 200230. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, He, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; Tstart: 70. C
CapillaryHP-5MS2054.Demetzos, Angelopoulou, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-52054.Economakis, Skaltsa, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryHP-5MS2058.Skaltsa, Mavrommati, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryHP-52056.Lazari, Skaltsa, et al., 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryHP-52054.Skaltsa, Lazari, et al., 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryHP-52054.Lazari, Skaltsa, et al., 199930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryBP-12049.Mariotti, Costa, et al., 199750. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 35. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-52054.Tzakou, Roussis, et al., 1997He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm; Tend: 280. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5MS2068.7Andriamaharavo, 201430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C (1 min) => 5 C/min => 210C => 10 C/min => 280C (15 min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBP-202488.Boti, Bighelli, et al., 200650. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryBP-202489.Gonny, Cavaleiro, et al., 200650. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryBP-202498.Mariotti, Costa, et al., 199750. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 35. min; Tstart: 60. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDP-52004.Vijayakumar, Duraipandiyan, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 80. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 300. C @ 40. min
CapillaryDB-5 MS2094.Cui, Yang, et al., 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 270. C
CapillaryHP-52050.Cavar, Maksimovic, et al., 201030. m/0.252 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-52057.Ho, Wang, et al., 201030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySPB-12039.Lazarevic, Palic, et al., 201030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
CapillarySPB-12021.Neves, Rosa, et al., 201030. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; Tstart: 70. C
CapillaryHP-5 MS2070.Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 201030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 70. C
CapillarySE-542040.Dayisoylu and Alma, 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 999. min
CapillaryHP-52058.Bousaada, Ammar, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 50. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min
CapillaryHP-52049.Isidorov, Lech, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryHP-5 MS2054.Adams, Beauchamp, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB2044.Baran, von Reuss, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 4. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryHP-52054.Cheraif, Ben Jannet, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 50. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 4. min
CapillarySPB-12018.Cavaleiro, Pinto, et al., 200630. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; Tstart: 70. C
CapillaryDB-12025.Velasco-Negueruela, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 200550. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-52030.Marongiu, Porcedda, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryHP-12019.Cavaleiro, Salgueiro, et al., 2002, 230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; Tstart: 70. C
CapillaryDB-52051.Kobaisy, Tellez, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-52075.Krauze-Baranowska, Mardarowicz, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 15. min
CapillaryHP-12072.Boatright and Crum, 199730. m/0.25 mm/0.1 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 3. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-12027.Albano, Lima, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 175 0C 15 0C/min -> 300 0C (10 min)
CapillaryVF-52078.Shivashankar, Roy, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 3 0C/min -> 200 0C (3 min) 10 0C/min -> 220 0C (8 min)
CapillaryVF-52054.Shivashankar, Roy, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-52055.Maggi, Bilek, et al., 200925. m/0.32 mm/0.17 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 220 0C 11 0C/min -> 280 0C
CapillaryHP-5 MS2073.Zellner, Amorim, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 32 0C (1 min) 50 0C/min -> 115 0C 1.5 0C/min -> 145 0C 12 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min)
CapillaryHP-52054.Isidorov, Lech, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySE-522057.Tognolini, Barocelli, et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He; Program: 45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C (10min)
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB2057.Butkienë, Nivinskienë, et al., 200550. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(5min) => 2C/min => 90C => 15C/min => 240C(4min)
CapillaryHP-5MS2078.Novak, Draxler, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(5min) => 3C/min => 90C => 10C/min => 280C
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB2057.Butkienë, Nivinskienë, et al., 200450. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(5min) => 2C/min => 90C => 15C/min => 240C(4min)
CapillaryDB-12027.Figueiredo, Miguel, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 45 0C 3 K/min -> 175 0C 15 K/min -> 300 0C (10 min)
CapillaryDB-12027.da Silva, Pedro, et al., 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 40 0C 3 K/min -> 175 0C 15 K/min -> 240 0C (10 min)

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-Innowax2530.Bousaada, Ammar, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 50. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min
CapillaryHP-Innowax2530.Cheraif, Ben Jannet, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 50. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 4. min
CapillaryTC-FFAP2493.Kurose, Okamura, et al., 2007He, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryTC-FFAP2498.Kurose and Yatagai, 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.4 μm, He, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryHP Innowax FSP2524.Kaya, Baser, et al., 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 220. C @ 10. min
CapillaryInnowax2524.Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999, 260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryHP-Innowax2524.Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999, 360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min; Tend: 220. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-Innowax FSC2524.Sezik E., Kocakulak E., et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
CapillaryHP-Innowax FSC2524.Erdemoglu, Sener, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
CapillaryInnowax2524.Baser, Nuriddinov, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
CapillaryInnowax FSC2524.Tunalier, Kirimer, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
CapillaryHP-Innowax FSC2524.Bagci, Baser, et al., 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C

References

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Kosyukova and Khorguani, 1989
Kosyukova, L.V.; Khorguani, T.V., Retention indices of diterpenes isolated from resins of coniferous trees, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1989, 44, 9, 1309-1313. [all data]

Perry and Weavers, 1984
Perry, N.B.; Weavers, R.T., Kovats indices of diterpene hydrocarbons on fused-silica capillary columns, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 284, 478-481, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87850-X . [all data]

Adams, Morris, et al., 2005
Adams, R.P.; Morris, J.A.; Pandey, R.N.; Schwarzbach, A.E., Cryptic speciation between Juniperus deltoides and Juniperus oxycedrus (Cupressaceae) in the Mediterranean, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 8, 771-787, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2005.01.001 . [all data]

Adams and Nguyen, 2005
Adams, R.P.; Nguyen, S., Infra-specific variation in Juniperus deppeana and F. Sperryi in the Davis Mountains of Texas: variation in leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAS (RAPDS), Phytologia, 2005, 87, 2, 96-108. [all data]

Salido, Altarejos, et al., 2002
Salido, S.; Altarejos, J.; Nogueras, M.; Sánchez, A.; Pannecouque, C.; Witvrouw, M.; De Clercq, E., Chemical studies of essential oils of Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. badia, J. Ethnopharmacol., 2002, 81, 1, 129-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00045-4 . [all data]

Adams, 2000
Adams, R.P., Systematics of smooth leaf margin Juniperus of the western hemisphere based on leaf essential oils and RAPD DNA fingerprinting, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 2, 149-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00047-2 . [all data]

Adams, 2000, 2
Adams, R.P., Systematics of Juniperus section Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 6, 515-528, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00089-7 . [all data]

Adams, 2000, 3
Adams, R.P., Systematics of the one seeded Juniperus of the eastern hemisphere based on leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 6, 529-543, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00096-4 . [all data]

Adams, 2000, 4
Adams, R.P., The serrate leaf margined Juniperus (Section Sabina) of the western hemisphere: systematics and evolution based on leaf essential oils and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 10, 975-989, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(00)00022-3 . [all data]

Adams, 1999
Adams, R.P., Systematics of multi-seeded eastern hemisphere Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and RAPD DNA fingerprinting, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1999, 27, 7, 709-725, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00016-2 . [all data]

Adams, 1998
Adams, R.P., The essential oils and chemotaxonomy of Juniperus sect. Juniperus, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1998, 26, 6, 637-645, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00020-9 . [all data]

Martins, Santos, et al., 2007
Martins, F.T.; Santos, M.H.; Polo, M.; Barbosa, L.C.A., Effects of the interactions among macronutrients, plant age and photoperiod in the composition of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit essential oil from Alfenas (MG), Brazil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 2, 123-129, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1769 . [all data]

Radulovic, Lazarevic, et al., 2007
Radulovic, N.; Lazarevic, J.; Ristic, N.; Palic, R., Chemotaxonomic significance of the volatiles in the genus Stachys (Lamiaceae): Essential oil composition of four Balkan Stachys species, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2007, 35, 4, 196-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2006.10.010 . [all data]

Boti, Bighelli, et al., 2006
Boti, J.B.; Bighelli, A.; Cavaleiro, C.; Salgueiro, L.; Casanova, J., Chemical variability of Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus berry and leaf oils from Corsica, analysed by combination of GC, GC-MS and 13C-NMR, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 2, 268-273, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1579 . [all data]

Dob, Dahmane, et al., 2006
Dob, T.; Dahmane, D.; Chelghoum, C., Essential oil composition of Juniperus oxycedrus growing in Algeria, Pharm. Biol., 2006, 44, 1, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200500530922 . [all data]

Gonny, Cavaleiro, et al., 2006
Gonny, M.; Cavaleiro, C.; Salgueiro, L.; Casanova, J., Analysis of Juniperus communis subsp. alpina needle, berry, wood and root oils by combination of GC, GC/MS and 13C-NMR, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1527 . [all data]

Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006
Saroglou, V.; Dorizas, N.; Kypriotakis, Z.; Skaltsa, H.D., Analysis of the essential oil composition of eight Anthemis species from Greece, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1104, 1-2, 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.087 . [all data]

Tchoumbougnang, Zollo, et al., 2005
Tchoumbougnang, F.; Zollo, P.H.A.; Boyom, F.F.; Nyegue, M.A.; Bessière, J.M.; Menut, C., Aromatic plants of tropical Central Africa. XLVIII. Comparative study of the essential oils of four Hyptis species from Cameroon: H. lanceolata Poit., H. pectinata (L.) Poit., H. spicigera Lam. and H. suaveolens Poit., Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 3, 340-343, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1441 . [all data]

Alma, Nitz, et al., 2004
Alma, M.H.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H.; Digrak, M.; Efe, F.T.; Yilmaz, N., Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from the gum of Turkish Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 12, 3911-3914, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040014e . [all data]

Grujic-Jovanovic, Skaltsa, et al., 2004
Grujic-Jovanovic, S.; Skaltsa, H.D.; Marin, P.; Sokovic, M., Composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of six Stachys species from Serbia, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 2, 139-144, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1275 . [all data]

Cavaleiro, Salgueiro, et al., 2003
Cavaleiro, C.; Salgueiro, L.R.; da Cunha, A.P.; Figueiredo, A.C.; Barroso, J.G.; Bighelli, A.; Casanova, J., Composition and variability of the essential oils of the leaves and berries from Juniperus navicularis, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2003, 31, 2, 193-201, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00080-7 . [all data]

Macchioni, Cioni, et al., 2003
Macchioni, F.; Cioni, P.L.; Flamini, G.; Morelli, I.; Maccioni, S.; Ansaldi, M., Chemical composition of essential oils from needles, branches and cones of Pinus pinea, P. halepensis, P. pinaster and P. nigra from central Italy, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 2, 139-143, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1178 . [all data]

Skaltsa, Demetzos, et al., 2003
Skaltsa, H.D.; Demetzos, C.; Lazari, D.; Sokovic, M., Essential oil analysis and antimicrobial activity of eight Stachys species from Greece, Phytochemistry, 2003, 64, 3, 743-752, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00386-8 . [all data]

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Notes

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