β-Copaene

Formula: C₁₅H₂₄
Molecular weight: 204.3511
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C15H24/c1-9(2)11-7-8-15(4)12-6-5-10(3)14(15)13(11)12/h9,11-14H,3,5-8H2,1-2,4H3/t11-,12?,13?,14+,15+/m1/s1
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UPVZPMJSRSWJHQ-UWMJVVDFSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 18252-44-3
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Stereoisomers:
- Tricyclo[4.4.0.0(2,7)]decane, 1-methyl-3-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-, stereoisomer
- β-copaene
Other names: Tricyclo[4.4.0.0(2,7)]decane, 1-methyl-3-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-, stereoisomer; (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-8-Isopropyl-1-methyl-3-methylenetricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]decane-rel-; Tricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]decane, 1-methyl-3-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-, (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-rel-; Tricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]decane, 1-methyl-3-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-, stereoisomer; Tricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]decane, 8-isopropyl-1-methyl-3-methylene-, anti-8-; (.+/-.)-β-Copaene; cis-β-Copaene
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Other data available:
- Gas Chromatography
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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	HP-5	HP-5	HP-5	RTX-1
Column length (m)	25.	25.	25.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	Hydrogen	Hydrogen	Hydrogen	Hydrogen	Helium
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.25	0.22
Phase thickness (μm)	0.52	0.52	0.52	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	40.	40.	70.	60.
T_end (C)	280.	280.	280.	290.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.	4.	5.	2.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)	10.	10.	10.		30.
I	1422.	1422.	1422.	1437.	1425.
Reference	Velickovic, Ristic, et al., 2012	Velickovic, Ristic, et al., 2012	Velickovic, Ristic, et al., 2012	Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010	Museli, Pau, et al., 2009
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	RTX-1	DB-5 MS	VF-5MS	SLB-5 MS	ZB-1
Column length (m)	60.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	Helium	Helium	Helium	Helium	Nitrogen
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	50.	240.	50.	45.
T_end (C)	230.	220.	320.	250.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	3.	20.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)		2.	1.	2.
Final hold (min)	30.	70.		10.
I	1430.	1424.	1435.	1432.	1424.
Reference	Museli, Pau, et al., 2009	Shimizu, Imayoshi, et al., 2009	Kowalski, 2008	Lo Presti, Sciarrone, et al., 2008	Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2008
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	RTX-1	HP-5MS	HP-5MS	DB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	60.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	230.	240.	280.	320.	210.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	3.	3.	10.	2.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)	35.			4.	33.
I	1426.	1433.	1422.	1435.	1426.
Reference	Paolini, Tomi, et al., 2008	Argyropoulou, Daferera, et al., 2007	Basta, Pavlovic, et al., 2007	Smelcerovic, Spiteller, et al., 2007	Sylvestre, Longtin, et al., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Elite-5MS	BP-1	HP-5	BP-1	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	50.	30.	50.	30.
Carrier gas	He		He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.22	0.25	0.22	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.5	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	60.	50.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	280.	220.	300.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	2.	5.	2.	4.
Initial hold (min)	5.		5.		5.
Final hold (min)	10.	20.	5.	20.
I	1448.	1429.	1430.	1427.	1435.
Reference	Tava, Pecetti, et al., 2007	Boti, Yao, et al., 2006	Figuérédo, Cabassu, et al., 2006	Lesueur, Ban, et al., 2006	Morteza-Semnani K., Akbarzadeh M., et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-5	HP-5	DB-5	HP-5
Column length (m)	30.	25.	30.	30.	25.
Carrier gas	He	N2	He	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.15	0.25	0.25	0.33
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	60.	30.
T_end (C)	220.	200.	220.	200.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.	5.	2.	3.
Initial hold (min)	5.	3.	10.
Final hold (min)				60.
I	1434.	1437.	1426.	1388.	1400.
Reference	Morteza-Semnani K., Saeedi M., et al., 2006	Ouamba, Ouabonzi, et al., 2006	Pintore G., Chessa M., et al., 2006	Rout, Naik, et al., 2006	Shafi, Jose, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Methyl Silicone	DB-5	DB-5	DB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	25.	50.	25.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	N2			He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.3	0.3	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.15	0.25	0.15	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	40.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	210.	240.	220.	240.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	3.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)	5.		5.
Final hold (min)
I	1446.	1429.	1429.	1428.	1427.
Reference	Tonzibo, Coffy, et al., 2006	Chagonda and Chalchat, 2005	Chagonda and Chalchat, 2005, 2	Chaverri and Cicció, 2005	Chaverri and Cicció, 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Methyl Silicone	BPX5	HP-5	HP-5MS	CP Sil 5 CB
Column length (m)	60.	25.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	Helium	He	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.3	0.22	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	50.	50.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	320.	300.	200.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	5.	5.	4.	5.
Initial hold (min)		5.	5.	30.
Final hold (min)			5.		10.
I	1428.	1437.	1430.	1422.	1440.
Reference	Chalchat and Özcan, 2005	Dickschat, Bode, et al., 2005	Figuérédo, Cabassu, et al., 2005	Gauvin and Smadja, 2005	Jassbi, Mehrdad, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-1	DB-1	DB-1	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	50.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He		He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	50.	60.
T_end (C)	220.	265.	240.	265.	300.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	2.5	3.	2.5	3.
Initial hold (min)	5.	1.		1.
Final hold (min)		20.		20.
I	1432.	1408.	1412.	1408.	1432.
Reference	Morteza-Semnani, Akbarzadeh, et al., 2005	Sarkhail, Amin, et al., 2005	Velasco-Negueruela, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2005	Sarkhail, Amin, et al., 2004	Tirillini, Pellegrino, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	ZB-1	CP Sil 5 CB	HP-5	DB-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	25.	60.	60.
Carrier gas	N2	N2	H2		N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.15	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	45.	50.	40.	70.
T_end (C)	200.	230.	230.	250.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	3.	3.	5.	2.
Initial hold (min)				15.	2.
Final hold (min)					20.
I	1414.	1424.	1416.	1430.	1390.
Reference	Fekam Boyom, Ngouana, et al., 2003	Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2003	Oyedeji, Ekundayo, et al., 2003	Stashenko, Jaramillo, et al., 2003	Tu, Onishi, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	OV-101	DB-5	OV-101	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	25.	25.	25.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.2	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25				0.25
T_start (C)	75.	50.	60.	50.	65.
T_end (C)	200.	200.	220.	200.	300.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	5.	3.	5.	4.
Initial hold (min)	4.				2.
Final hold (min)	8.
I	1432.	1402.	1431.	1438.	1442.
Reference	Cicció and Gómez-Laurito, 2002	Kuiate, Bessière, et al., 2002	Schwob, Bessière, et al., 2002	Ayedoun, Adéoti, et al., 1999	Elias, Simoneit, et al., 1997
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	OV-101	DB-1	DB-1	DB-1	DB-1
Column length (m)	50.	60.	60.	60.	60.
Carrier gas	He			He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)
T_start (C)	50.	50.	50.	30.	30.
T_end (C)	250.	230.	250.	210.	210.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	4.	4.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)			0.1	4.	4.
Final hold (min)		10.	5.
I	1433.	1424.	1423.	1418.	1418.
Reference	Orav, Kailas, et al., 1996	Binder, Turner, et al., 1990	Binder and Flath, 1989	Takeoka and Butter, 1989	Takeoka and Butter, 1989
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Velickovic, Ristic, et al., 2012
Velickovic, D.T.; Ristic, M.S.; Karabegovic, I.T.; Stojicevic, S.S.; Lazic, M.L., The influence of the distillation method on the chemical composition of the essential oil of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), Advanced Technologies, 2012, 1, 1, 47-51. [all data]

Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.S.; Dordevic, N.D.; Palic, R.M., Volatiles of Pleurospermum austriacum (L.) Hoffm. (Apiaceae), J. Serbian Chem. Soc., 2010, 75, 12, 1-11, https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC100323127R . [all data]

Museli, Pau, et al., 2009
Museli, A.; Pau, M.; Desjobert, J.-M.; Foddai, M.; Usai, M.; Costa, J., Volatile constituents of Achllea ligustica All. by HS-SPME/GC/GC-MS. Comparison with essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Corsica and Sardinia, Chromatographia, 2009, 69, 5/6, 575-585, https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-008-0939-1 . [all data]

Shimizu, Imayoshi, et al., 2009
Shimizu, Y.; Imayoshi, Y.; Kato, M.; Maeda, K.; Iwabuchi, H.; Shimomura, K., Volatiles from leaves of field-grown plants and shoot cultures of Gynura bicolor DC, Flavour Fragr. J., 2009, 24, 5, 251-258, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1938 . [all data]

Kowalski, 2008
Kowalski, R., Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and extracts of rosinweed (Silphoum trifoliatum and Silphium integrifolium) plants used by the American Indians, Flav. Fragr. J., 2008, 23, 6, 426-433, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1901 . [all data]

Lo Presti, Sciarrone, et al., 2008
Lo Presti, M.; Sciarrone, D.; Crupi, M.C.; Costa, R.; Ragusa, S.; Dugo, G.; Mondello, L., Evaliation of the volatile and chiral composition in Pistacia lentiscus L. essential oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2008, 23, 4, 249-257, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1878 . [all data]

Mierendorff, Stahl-Biskup, et al., 2008
Mierendorff, H.-G.; Stahl-Biskup, E.; Posthumus, M.A.; van Beek, T.A., Composition of commercial Cape chamomile oil (Eriocephalus punctuatus / Eriocephalus tenuifolius), 2008, retrieved from http://www.chemische-analysen-hamburg.de/Publikationen?Cape_Chamomile_Oil/. [all data]

Paolini, Tomi, et al., 2008
Paolini, J.; Tomi, P.; Bernardini, A.-F.; Bradesi, P.; Casanova, J.; Kaloustian, J., Detailed analysis of the essential oil from Cistus albidus L. by combination of GC/RI, GC/MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, N.Z. J. Agric. Res., 2008, 22, 14, 1270-1278. [all data]

Argyropoulou, Daferera, et al., 2007
Argyropoulou, C.; Daferera, D.; Tarantilis, P.A.; Fasseas, C.; Polissiou, M., Chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of Lippia citriodora H.B.K. (Verbenaceae) at two developmental stages, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2007, 35, 12, 831-837, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2007.07.001 . [all data]

Basta, Pavlovic, et al., 2007
Basta, A.; Pavlovic, M.; Couladis, M.; Tzakou, O., Essential oil composition of the flowerheads of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. from Greece, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 3, 197-200, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1781 . [all data]

Smelcerovic, Spiteller, et al., 2007
Smelcerovic, A.; Spiteller, M.; Ligon, A.P.; Smelcerovic, Z.; Raabe, N., Essential oil composition of Hypericum L. species from Southeastern Serbia and their chemotaxonomy, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2007, 35, 2, 99-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2006.09.012 . [all data]

Sylvestre, Longtin, et al., 2007
Sylvestre, M.; Longtin, A.P.A.; Legault, J., Volatile leaf condtituents and anticancer activity of Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. essential oil, Natural Product Communications, 2007, 2, 12, 1273-1276. [all data]

Tava, Pecetti, et al., 2007
Tava, A.; Pecetti, L.; Ricci, M.; Pagnotta, M.A.; Russi, L., Volatile compounds from leaves and flowers of Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirt. (Fabaceae) from Italy, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 5, 363-370, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1806 . [all data]

Boti, Yao, et al., 2006
Boti, J.B.; Yao, P.A.; Koukoua, G.; N'Guessan, T.Y.; Casanova, J., Components and chemical variability of Isolona campanulata Engler Diels leaf oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 166-170, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1555 . [all data]

Figuérédo, Cabassu, et al., 2006
Figuérédo, G.; Cabassu, P.; Chalchat, J.-C.; Pasquier, B., Studies of Mediterranean oregano populations. VIII. Chemical composition of essential oils of oreganos of various origins, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 134-139, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1543 . [all data]

Lesueur, Ban, et al., 2006
Lesueur, D.; Ban, N.K.; Bighelli, A.; Muselli, A.; Casanova, J., Analysis of the root oil of Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Henry et Thomas (Cupressaceae) by GC, GC-MS and ¹³C-NMR, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 171-174, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1557 . [all data]

Morteza-Semnani K., Akbarzadeh M., et al., 2006
Morteza-Semnani K.; Akbarzadeh M.; Moshiri K., The essential oil composition of Eupatorium cannabinum L. from Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 521-523, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1687 . [all data]

Morteza-Semnani K., Saeedi M., et al., 2006
Morteza-Semnani K.; Saeedi M.; Changizi S., The essential oil composition of Hypericum scabrum L. from Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 513-515, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1614 . [all data]

Ouamba, Ouabonzi, et al., 2006
Ouamba, J.-M.; Ouabonzi, A.; Ekouya, A.; Bessière, J.-M.; Menut, C.; Abena, A.A.; Banzouzi, J.-T., Volatile constituents of the essential oil leaf of Lantana salvifolia Jacq. (Verbenaceae), Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 158-161, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1553 . [all data]

Pintore G., Chessa M., et al., 2006
Pintore G.; Chessa M.; Manconi P.; Zanetti S.; Deriu A.; Tirillini B., Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of stachys glutinosa L. from Sardinia, Natural Product Communications, 2006, 1, 12, 1133-1136. [all data]

Rout, Naik, et al., 2006
Rout, P.K.; Naik, S.N.; Rao, Y.R., Composition of the concrete, absolute, headspace and essential oil of the flowers of Michelia champaca Linn., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 6, 906-911, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1742 . [all data]

Shafi, Jose, et al., 2006
Shafi, P.M.; Jose, B.; Radhamani, K.T.; Clery, R.A., Influence of pH on essential oil composition of Zanthoxylum rhetsa seeds obtained by steam distillation, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 2, 317-318, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1598 . [all data]

Tonzibo, Coffy, et al., 2006
Tonzibo, Z.F.; Coffy, A.A.; Chalachat, J.C.; N'guessan, Y.T., Chemical composition of essential oils of Hoslundia opposita Vahl. from Ivory Coast., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 5, 789-791, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1715 . [all data]

Chagonda and Chalchat, 2005
Chagonda, L.S.; Chalchat, J.-C., The essential oil of wild and cultivated Hoslundia opposita Vahl. from Zimbabwe, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 2, 193-195, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1402 . [all data]

Chagonda and Chalchat, 2005, 2
Chagonda, L.S.; Chalchat, J.-C., The essential oil of the fruit of Garcinia huillensis Welw. ex. Oliv. from Zimbabwe, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 3, 313-315, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1420 . [all data]

Chaverri and Cicció, 2005
Chaverri, C.; Cicció, J.F., Essential oil of trees of the genus Ocotea (Lauraceae) in Costa Rica. I. Ocotea brenesii, Rev. Biol. Trop., 2005, 53, 3-4, 431-436, https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v53i3-4.14611 . [all data]

Chalchat and Özcan, 2005
Chalchat, J.-C.; Özcan, M., Constituents of the essential oil of Sideritis erythantha Boiss. Heldr. Var. erythrantha, Gen. Appl. Plant Physiology, 2005, 31, 1-2, 65-70. [all data]

Dickschat, Bode, et al., 2005
Dickschat, J.S.; Bode, H.B.; Wenzel, S.C.; Muller, R.; Schulz, S., Biosinthesis and Identification of Volatiles Released by the Myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca, ChemBioChem, 2005, 6, 11, 2023-2033, https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.200500174 . [all data]

Figuérédo, Cabassu, et al., 2005
Figuérédo, G.; Cabassu, P.; Chalchat, J.-C.; Pasquier, B., Studies of Mediterranean oregano populations- V. Chemical composition of essential oils of oregano: Origanum syriacum L. var. bevanii (Holmes) Ietswaart, O. syriacum L. var. sinaicum (Boiss.) Ietswaart, and O. syriacum L. var. syriacum from Lebanon and Israel, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 164-168. [all data]

Gauvin and Smadja, 2005
Gauvin, A.; Smadja, J., Essential oil composition of four Psiadia species from Reunion Island: A chemotaxonomic study, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 7, 705-714, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.12.013 . [all data]

Jassbi, Mehrdad, et al., 2005
Jassbi, A.R.; Mehrdad, M.; Soleimani, M.; Mirzaeian, M.; Sonboli, A., Chemical composition of the essential oils of Bunium elegans and Bunium caroides, Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2005, 41, 4, 415-417, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-005-0165-0 . [all data]

Morteza-Semnani, Akbarzadeh, et al., 2005
Morteza-Semnani, K.; Akbarzadeh, M.; Rostami, B., The essential oil composition of Teucrium chamaedrys L. from Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 5, 544-546, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1479 . [all data]

Sarkhail, Amin, et al., 2005
Sarkhail, P.; Amin, G.; Surmaghi, M.H.S.; Shafiee, A., Composition of the volatile oils of Phlomis lanceolata Boiss. Hohen., Phlomis anisodonta Boiss. and Phlomis bruguieri Desf. from Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 3, 327-329, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1427 . [all data]

Velasco-Negueruela, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2005
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Notes

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, References

Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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