Pyrazine, 2-ethyl-3-methyl-
- Formula: C7H10N2
- Molecular weight: 122.1677
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C7H10N2/c1-3-7-6(2)8-4-5-9-7/h4-5H,3H2,1-2H3
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LNIMMWYNSBZESE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 15707-23-0
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: 2-Ethyl-3-methylpyrazine; 2-Methyl-3-ethylpyrazine; Pyrazine, 3-ethyl-2-methyl
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
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Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1400. | Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981 | N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 999. | Cerny and Guntz-Dubini, 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 260. C |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 999. | Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006 | 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 1016. | Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 981. | Kim, 2001 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | BPX-5 | 1015. | Oruna-Concha, Duckham, et al., 2001 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 985. | Wu, Wang, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, N2, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 30. C |
| Capillary | BPX-5 | 1014. | Ames, Defaye, et al., 1997 | 50. m/0.325 mm/0.5 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 968. | Yu, Lin, et al., 1994 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 60. min |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 983. | Zhang, Dorjpalam, et al., 1992 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.5 μm, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 40. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 982. | Izzo and Ho, 1991 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 40. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | ZB-5 | 990. | Lu, Hao, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(1min) => 3C/min => 209C => 20C/min => 280C |
| Capillary | CP-Sil8 | 1014. | Martin and Ames, 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 4C/min => 200C => 10C/min => 250C (15min) |
| Capillary | BPX-5 | 1016. | Elmore, Mottram, et al., 1999 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 0C(5min) => 40C/min => 40C(2min) => 4C/min => 280C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1001. | Beal and Mottram, 1994 | 30. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: 5 0C (0.5 min) -> (1 min) 60 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 250 0C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 985. | Kuo, Zhang, et al., 1989 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: -40C => 40C/min => 40C => 2C/min => 260C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 985. | Kuo, Zhang, et al., 1989 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: -40C => 40C/min => 40C => 2C/min => 260C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1414. | Lopez-Galilea I., Fournier N., et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 40. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1414. | Lopez-Galilea I., Fournier N., et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 40. C |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1390. | Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006 | 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | OV-351 | 1373. | Bonvehí, 2005 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.2 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1403. | Chung, Yung, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1403. | Chung, Yung, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1402. | Kim, 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | CP-WAX 57CB | 1407. | Salter L.J., Mottram D.S., et al., 1988 | 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | CP-WAX 57CB | 1407. | Whitfield, Mottram, et al., 1988 | He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | CP-WAX 57CB | 1407. | Whitfield, Mottram, et al., 1988 | He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1411. | Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min) |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1410. | Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 10C/min => 120C => 15C/min => 200C (1min) |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1397. | Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min) |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1399. | Alasalvar, Shahidi, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 5C/min => 60C => 2.5C/min => 155C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1363. | Cantergiani, Brevard, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 20C(30s) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 220C (20min) |
| Capillary | BP-20 | 1424. | Beal and Mottram, 1994 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 5 0C (0.5 min) -> (1 min) 60 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 200 0C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Ultra-1 | 977. | Du, Clery, et al., 2008 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 280. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 50. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1005. | Du, Clery, et al., 2008 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium, 10. K/min, 280. C @ 8.5 min; Tstart: 50. C |
| Capillary | SLB-5MS | 1015. | Risticevic, Carasek, et al., 2008 | 10. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1.5 min, 10. K/min; Tend: 295. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1003. | Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006 | He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1005. | Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006, 2 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | MDN-5 | 1004. | van Loon, Linssen, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | DB-5MS | 1003. | Welty, Marshall, et al., 2001 | He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1003. | Boylston and Viniyard, 1998 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, 35. C @ 15. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 45. min |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 989. | Chen and Ho, 1998 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 985. | Lu, Yu, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 990. | Yu, Wu, et al., 1994 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 60. min |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 964. | Yu, Wu, et al., 1994 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 60. min |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 981. | Yu, Wu, et al., 1994, 2 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 60. min |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 990. | Yu, Wu, et al., 1994, 2 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 60. min |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 977. | Flath, Matsumoto, et al., 1989 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 977. | Flath, Matsumoto, et al., 1989 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 978. | Flath, Matsumoto, et al., 1989 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 981. | Flath, Matsumoto, et al., 1989 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 984. | Mihara and Masuda, 1988 | 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | OV-1 | 972. | Wu, Liou, et al., 1987 | Hydrogen, 1. K/min, 200. C @ 35. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tstart: 50. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-5 | 995. | Yu and Zhang, 2010 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 260 0C 15 0C/min -> 280 0C (1 min) |
| Capillary | SLB-5MS | 1001. | Risticevic, Carasek, et al., 2008 | 10. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1001. | Characterization of Pyrazines in Some Chinese Liquors and Their Approximate Concentrations, 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => 2C/min => 140C => 10C/min => 280C (10min) |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 1033. | Carpino, Mallia, et al., 2004 | 12. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm; Program: 35C(3min) => 6C/min => 190C => 30C/min => 225C |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 987. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 983. | Counet, Callemien, et al., 2002 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C=3C/min => 250C(30min) |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1008. | Matsui, Guth, et al., 1998 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(1min) => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 230C |
| Capillary | SE-54 | 1002. | Zehentbauer and Grosch, 1998 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 50C/min => 60C(2min) => 4C/min => 230C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 999. | Schieberle and Grosch, 1994 | He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35C => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 4C/min => 240C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-Innowax | 1383. | Puvipirom and Chaisei, 2012 | 15. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | FFAP | 1418. | Budryn, Nebesny, et al., 2011 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 45. min |
| Capillary | HP-Innowax | 1391. | Du, Clery, et al., 2008 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 6. min; Tstart: 50. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1397. | Characterization of Pyrazines in Some Chinese Liquors and Their Approximate Concentrations, 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min; Tstart: 50. C |
| Capillary | FFAP | 1418. | Nebesny, Budryn, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, N2, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 320. C @ 45. min |
| Capillary | TC-Wax | 1410. | Ishizaki, Tachihara, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 70. C |
| Capillary | TC-Wax | 1417. | Ishikawa, Ito, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 230. C |
| Capillary | HP-Wax | 1432. | Sanz, Maeztu, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C |
| Capillary | HP-Wax | 1432. | Maeztu, Sanz, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C |
| Capillary | HP-Wax | 1432. | Sanz, Ansorena, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1434. | Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999 | 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 210. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1422. | Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999 | 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 210. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1402. | Buttery and Ling, 1998 | 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 170. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1403. | Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995 | He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1367. | Mihara and Masuda, 1988 | 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1400. | Wong and Bernhard, 1988 | He, 70. C @ 8. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 160. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1392. | Wu, Liou, et al., 1987 | Hydrogen, 1. K/min, 200. C @ 35. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tstart: 50. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1410. | Buttery, Ling, et al., 1983 | 50. C @ 30. min, 1. K/min, 170. C @ 60. min; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.64 mm |
| Packed | Carbowax | 1393. | Schieberle and Grosch, 1983 | He, Chromosorb G AW DMCS, 4. K/min; Column length: 3. m; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1399. | Liardon and Ledermann, 1980 | H2, 2. K/min; Column length: 39. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1406. | Shibamoto and Russell, 1977 | 1. K/min; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 170. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1408. | Shibamoto and Russell, 1977 | 1. K/min; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 170. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1406. | Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1419. | Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-Innowax | 1411. | Viegas and Bassoli, 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min) |
| Capillary | HP-Innowax | 1407. | Viegas and Bassoli, 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | TC-Wax | 1410. | Kraft and Switt, 2005 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Innowax | 1417. | Ito and Mori, 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 10 0C/min -> 100 0C 3 0C/min -> 160 0C 5 0C/min -> 260 0C (10 min) |
| Capillary | TC-Wax | 1410. | Tachihara, Ishizaki, et al., 2004 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1381. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | FFAP | 1362. | Matsui, Guth, et al., 1998 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(1min) => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 230C |
| Capillary | FFAP | 1387. | Zehentbauer and Grosch, 1998 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 230C |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1387. | Schieberle and Grosch, 1994 | He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35C => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 4C/min => 240C |
References
Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981
Shibamoto, T.; Kamiya, Y.; Mihara, S.,
Isolation and identification of volatile compounds in cooked meat: sukiyaki,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 1, 57-63, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00103a015
. [all data]
Cerny and Guntz-Dubini, 2006
Cerny, C.; Guntz-Dubini, R.,
Role of the solvent glycerol in the Maillard reaction of D-fructose and L-aniline,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 2, 574-577, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052222s
. [all data]
Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006
Mahadevan, K.; Farmer, L.,
Key Odor Impact Compounds in Three Yeast Extract Pastes,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 19, 7242-7250, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061102x
. [all data]
Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2002
Duckham, S.C.; Dodson, A.T.; Bakker, J.; Ames, J.M.,
Effect of cultivar and storage time on the volatile flavor components of baked potato,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 20, 5640-5648, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011326+
. [all data]
Kim, 2001
Kim, J.S.,
Einfluss der Temperatur beim Rösten von Sesam auf Aroma und antioxidative Eigenschaften des Öls, PhD Thesis, Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades, Berlin, 2001, 151. [all data]
Oruna-Concha, Duckham, et al., 2001
Oruna-Concha, M.J.; Duckham, S.C.; Ames, J.M.,
Comparison of volatile compounds isolated from the skin and flesh of four potato cultivars after baking,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 5, 2414-2421, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0012345
. [all data]
Wu, Wang, et al., 2000
Wu, C.-M.; Wang, Z.; Wu, Q.H.,
Volatile compounds produced from monosodium glutamate in common food cooking,
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Ames, Defaye, et al., 1997
Ames, J.M.; Defaye, A.B.; Bates, L.,
The effect of pH on the volatiles formed in an extruded starch-glucose-lysine model system,
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Yu, Lin, et al., 1994
Yu, T.-H.; Lin, L.-Y.; Ho, C.-T.,
Volatile compounds of blanched, fried blanched, and baked blanched garlic slices,
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Zhang, Dorjpalam, et al., 1992
Zhang, Y.; Dorjpalam, B.; Ho, C.-T.,
Contribution of peptides to volatile formation in the Maillard reaction of casein hydrolysate with glucose,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 12, 2467-2471, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00024a026
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Izzo and Ho, 1991
Izzo, H.V.; Ho, C.-T.,
Isolation and identification of the volatile components of an extruded autolyzed yeast extract,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 12, 2245-2248, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00012a029
. [all data]
Lu, Hao, et al., 2005
Lu, C.-Y.; Hao, Z.; Payne, R.; Ho, C.-T.,
Effects of water content on volatile generation and peptide degradation in the Maillard reaction of glycine, diglycine, and triglycine,
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. [all data]
Martin and Ames, 2001
Martin, F.L.; Ames, J.M.,
Comparison of flavor compounds of potato chips fried in palmolein and silicone fluid,
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Elmore, Mottram, et al., 1999
Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S.; Enser, M.; Wood, J.D.,
Effect of the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of beef muscle on the profile of aroma volatiles,
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Beal and Mottram, 1994
Beal, A.D.; Mottram, D.S.,
Compounds contributing to the characteristic aroma of malted barley,
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Notes
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