Hydronium cation

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
S°gas,1 bar192.25J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1966

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°73. ± 4.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 9 out of 16 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°118. ± 8.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°39.kJ/molFABierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976gas phase

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
38.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase
38.296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase
35.300.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970gas phase
35.307.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970, 2gas phase

Hydronium cation + Water = (Hydronium cation • Water)

By formula: H3O+ + H2O = (H3O+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°136. ± 9.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°120. ± 30.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
34.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°84. ± 5.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°94. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
36.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 3Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 4Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 4H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°56. ± 20.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°100. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°23.kJ/molFABierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976gas phase

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
24.293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase
23.296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase
21.300.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970gas phase
21.307.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970, 2gas phase
29.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 4Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 5Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 5H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°50. ± 8.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°102. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
19.293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 5Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 6Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 5H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 6H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.8kJ/molPHPMSLau, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase
ΔrH°49.0kJ/molHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
ΔrH°67.32kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°109.J/mol*KPHPMSLau, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase
ΔrS°124.J/mol*KHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
ΔrS°346.0J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

(Hydronium cation • 6Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 7Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 6H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 7H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
ΔrH°43.1kJ/molHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
ΔrH°50.33kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°110.J/mol*KHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
ΔrS°218.9J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

Hydronium cation + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: H3O+ + CO2 = (H3O+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°59.8kJ/molPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase
ΔrH°64.0kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
ΔrH°60.2kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°88.7J/mol*KPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase
ΔrS°103.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
ΔrS°86.6J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 12Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 13Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 12H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 13H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.10kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°158.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 13Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 14Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 13H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 14H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.35kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°166.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 14Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 15Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 14H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 15H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.85kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°168.9J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 15Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 16Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 15H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 16H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°45.27kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°25.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°176.4J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 16Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 17Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 16H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 17H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°45.02kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°173.1J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 17Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 18Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 17H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 18H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.98kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°26.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°170.0J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 18Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 19Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 18H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 19H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.60kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°29.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°171.5J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 19Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 20Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 19H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 20H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.10kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°38.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°165.8J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 20Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 21Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 20H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 21H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.64kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°31.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°156.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 21Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 22Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 21H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 22H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.18kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°25.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°165.1J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 22Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 23Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 22H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 23H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.72kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°27.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°162.8J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 23Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 24Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 23H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 24H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.01kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°156.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 24Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 25Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 24H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 25H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°42.09kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°30.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°151.3J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 10Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 11Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 10H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 11H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°38.9kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°112.6J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 11Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 12Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 11H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 12H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°41.1kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°29.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°140.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 25Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 26Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 25H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 26H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°40.7kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°26.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°137.4J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 26Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 27Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 26H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 27H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°39.4kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°34.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°129.4J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 9Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 10Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 9H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 10H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°37.2kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°107.8J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 8Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 9Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 8H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 9H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°36.7kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°24.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°112.6J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 7Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 8Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 7H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 8H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°40.9kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°21.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°140.0J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 3Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°5.0kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°27.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate

(Hydronium cation • 3Nitrous oxide) + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • 4Nitrous oxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 4N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°22.kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°88.J/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

(Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 4Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 4N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°10.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°50.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate

(Hydronium cation • 27Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 28Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 27H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 28H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°37.9kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°116.2J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Methane) + Methane = (Hydronium cation • 2Methane)

By formula: (H3O+ • CH4) + CH4 = (H3O+ • 2CH4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°14.kJ/molHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°34.J/mol*KHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

(Hydronium cation • 4Water) + Sulfur dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Sulfur dioxide • 4Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S • 4H2O)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
11.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields
11.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°38. ± 11.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°119.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Hydrogen cyanide = (Hydronium cation • Hydrogen cyanide • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + CHN = (H3O+ • CHN • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°82.8kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°123.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°33. ± 8.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°92.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°22.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°69.5J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • 3Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°18.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°65.7J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°21.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°54.8J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrous oxide) + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrous oxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 3N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°42.7kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°110.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°21.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°59.8J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrous oxide) + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrous oxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 2N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°50.6kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°96.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • N2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°22.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°58.2J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.9kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°113.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°51.9kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°111.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase

Hydronium cation + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • Nitrous oxide)

By formula: H3O+ + N2O = (H3O+ • N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°70.7kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°110.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase

Hydronium cation + Sulfur dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Sulfur dioxide)

By formula: H3O+ + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°92.0kJ/molPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°95.0J/mol*KPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase

Hydronium cation + Methane = (Hydronium cation • Methane)

By formula: H3O+ + CH4 = (H3O+ • CH4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°33.kJ/molHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°85.4J/mol*KHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 3Water) + Sulfur dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Sulfur dioxide • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S • 3H2O)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
18.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Hydronium cation + Methane = (Hydronium cation • Methane)

By formula: H3O+ + CH4 = (H3O+ • CH4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°33.kJ/molHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°85.4J/mol*KHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Methane) + Methane = (Hydronium cation • 2Methane)

By formula: (H3O+ • CH4) + CH4 = (H3O+ • 2CH4)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°14.kJ/molHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°34.J/mol*KHPMSBennet and Field, 1972gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

Hydronium cation + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Carbon dioxide)

By formula: H3O+ + CO2 = (H3O+ • CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°59.8kJ/molPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase
ΔrH°64.0kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
ΔrH°60.2kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°88.7J/mol*KPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase
ΔrS°103.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
ΔrS°86.6J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • 2Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 2CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°51.9kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°111.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Carbon dioxide) + Carbon dioxide = (Hydronium cation • 3Carbon dioxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 3CO2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.9kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°113.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986gas phase

Hydronium cation + Water = (Hydronium cation • Water)

By formula: H3O+ + H2O = (H3O+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°136. ± 9.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°120. ± 30.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
34.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Hydrogen cyanide = (Hydronium cation • Hydrogen cyanide • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + CHN = (H3O+ • CHN • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°82.8kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°123.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n

(Hydronium cation • Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°84. ± 5.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°94. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
36.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°73. ± 4.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 9 out of 16 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°118. ± 8.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°39.kJ/molFABierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976gas phase

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
38.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase
38.296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase
35.300.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970gas phase
35.307.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970, 2gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 3Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 4Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 4H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°56. ± 20.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°100. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°23.kJ/molFABierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976gas phase

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
24.293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase
23.296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase
21.300.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970gas phase
21.307.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970, 2gas phase
29.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 4Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 5Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 5H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°50. ± 8.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°102. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
19.293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 5Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 6Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 5H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 6H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.8kJ/molPHPMSLau, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase
ΔrH°49.0kJ/molHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
ΔrH°67.32kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°109.J/mol*KPHPMSLau, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase
ΔrS°124.J/mol*KHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
ΔrS°346.0J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

(Hydronium cation • 6Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 7Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 6H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 7H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
ΔrH°43.1kJ/molHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
ΔrH°50.33kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°110.J/mol*KHPMSKebarle, Searles, et al., 1967gas phase
ΔrS°218.9J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase; Entropy change is questionable

(Hydronium cation • 7Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 8Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 7H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 8H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°40.9kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°21.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°140.0J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 8Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 9Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 8H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 9H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°36.7kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°24.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°112.6J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 9Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 10Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 9H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 10H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°37.2kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°107.8J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 10Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 11Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 10H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 11H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°38.9kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°112.6J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 11Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 12Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 11H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 12H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°41.1kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°29.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°140.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 12Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 13Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 12H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 13H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.10kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°158.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 13Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 14Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 13H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 14H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.35kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°166.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 14Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 15Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 14H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 15H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.85kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°168.9J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 15Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 16Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 15H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 16H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°45.27kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°25.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°176.4J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 16Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 17Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 16H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 17H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°45.02kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°173.1J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 17Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 18Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 17H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 18H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.98kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°26.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°170.0J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 18Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 19Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 18H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 19H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.60kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°29.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°171.5J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 19Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 20Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 19H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 20H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.10kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°38.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°165.8J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 20Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 21Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 20H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 21H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.64kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°31.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°156.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 21Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 22Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 21H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 22H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.18kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°25.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°165.1J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 22Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 23Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 22H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 23H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.72kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°27.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°162.8J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 23Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 24Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 23H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 24H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.01kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°28.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°156.7J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 24Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 25Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 24H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 25H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°42.09kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°30.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°151.3J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 25Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 26Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 25H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 26H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°40.7kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°26.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°137.4J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 26Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 27Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 26H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 27H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°39.4kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
ΔrH°34.kJ/molCIDMagnera, David, et al., 1991gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°129.4J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 27Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 28Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 27H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 28H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°37.9kJ/molMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°116.2J/mol*KMKERShi, Ford, et al., 1993gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • N2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°22.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°58.2J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°21.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°59.8J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 3Water) + Sulfur dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Sulfur dioxide • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S • 3H2O)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
18.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields

(Hydronium cation • 4Water) + Sulfur dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Sulfur dioxide • 4Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S • 4H2O)

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
11.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields
11.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields

Hydronium cation + Hydrogen = (Hydronium cation • Hydrogen)

By formula: H3O+ + H2 = (H3O+ • H2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°15. ± 2.kJ/molSCATTERINGOkumura, Yeh, et al., 1990gas phase

Hydronium cation + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • Nitrous oxide)

By formula: H3O+ + N2O = (H3O+ • N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°70.7kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°110.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrous oxide) + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrous oxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 2N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°50.6kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°96.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrous oxide) + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrous oxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 3N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°42.7kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°110.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 3Nitrous oxide) + Nitrous oxide = (Hydronium cation • 4Nitrous oxide)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 4N2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°22.kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°88.J/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated

(Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°21.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°54.8J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°22.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°69.5J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • Nitrogen • 3Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°18.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°65.7J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°33. ± 8.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°92.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°38. ± 11.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°119.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase

(Hydronium cation • 2Nitrogen • 3Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°5.0kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°27.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate

(Hydronium cation • 3Nitrogen • 2Water) + Nitrogen = (Hydronium cation • 4Nitrogen • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 4N2 • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°10.kJ/molDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°50.J/mol*KDTGheno and Fitaire, 1987gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate

Hydronium cation + Sulfur dioxide = (Hydronium cation • Sulfur dioxide)

By formula: H3O+ + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°92.0kJ/molPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°95.0J/mol*KPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1992gas phase

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976
Bierbaum, V.M.; Golde, M.F.; Kaufman, F., Flowing Afterglow Studies of Hydronium Ion Clustering Including Diffusion Effects, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 7, 2715, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.433415 . [all data]

Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971
Arifov, U.A.; Pozharov, S.L.; Chernov, I.G., High Energy Chem., 1971, 5, 1. [all data]

Puckett and Teague, 1971
Puckett, L.J.; Teague, A.W., Production of H3O+.nH2O from NO+ Precursor in NO - H2O Gas Mixtures, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 6, 2564, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1675213 . [all data]

Good, Durden, et al., 1970
Good, A.; Durden, D.A.; Kebarle, P., Ion-Molecule Reactions in Pure Nitrogen and Nitrogen Containing Traces of Water at Total Pressures 0.5 - 4 torr. Kinetics of Clustering Reactions Forming H+(H2O)n, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 1, 212, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1672667 . [all data]

Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2
Good, A.; Durden, D.A.; Kebarle, P., Mechanism and Rate Constants of Ion-Molecule Reactions Leading to Formation of H+(H2O)n in Moist Oxygen and Air, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 1, 222, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1672668 . [all data]

Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995
Klassen, J.S.; Blades, A.T.; Kebarle, P., Determinations of Ion-Molecule Equilibria Involving Ions Produced by Electrospray. Hydration of Protonated Amines, Diamines, and Some Small Peptides, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 42, 15509, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100042a027 . [all data]

Lau, Ikuta, et al., 1982
Lau, Y.K.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the Gas - Phase Reactions: H3O+(H2O)n - 1 + H2O = H3O+(H2O)n, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 6, 1462, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00370a002 . [all data]

Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967
Kebarle, P.; Searles, S.K.; Zolla, A.; Scarborough, J.; Arshadi, M., The Solvation of the Hydrogen Ion by Water Molecules in the Gas Phase. Heats and Entropies of Solvation of the Individual Reactions: H+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = H+(H2O)n, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1967, 89, 25, 6393, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01001a001 . [all data]

Shi, Ford, et al., 1993
Shi, Z.; Ford, V.; Wei, S.; Castleman, A.W., Water Clusters - Contributions of Binding Energy and Entropy to Stability, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 99, 10, 8009, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.465678 . [all data]

Magnera, David, et al., 1991
Magnera, T.F.; David, D.E.; Michl, J., The First Twenty - Eight Proton Hydration Energies, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1991, 182, 3-4, 363, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)80230-U . [all data]

Szulejko and McMahon, 1992
Szulejko, J.; McMahon, T.B., personal communication, 1992. [all data]

Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986
Hiraoka, K.; Shoda, T.; Morise, K.; Yamabe, S.; Kawai, E.; Hirao, K., Stability and structure of cluster ions in the gas phase: Carbon dioxide with Cl-, H3O+, HCO2+ and HCO+, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 84, 2091. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Field, F.H., Proton Affinity and Ion - Molecule Clustering in CO2 and CS2. Applications in Martian Ionospheric Chemistry, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 10, 4527, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.433706 . [all data]

Gheno and Fitaire, 1987
Gheno, F.; Fitaire, M., Association of N2 with NH4+ and H3O+(H2O)n, n = 1,2,3, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87, 2, 953, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.453250 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994
Hiraoka, K.; Fujimaki, S.; Aruga, K.; Sato, T.; Yamabe, S., Gas-Phase Solavtion of NO+, O2+, N2O+, and H3O+ with N2O, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 101, 5, 4073, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.467524 . [all data]

Bennet and Field, 1972
Bennet, S.L.; Field, F.H., Reversible Reactions of Gaseous Ions. V. The Methane - Water System at Low Temperatures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 15, 5188, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00770a008 . [all data]

Banic and Iribarne, 1985
Banic, C.M.; Iribarne, J.V., Equilibrium Constants for Clustering of Neutral Molecules about Gaseous Ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 12, 6432, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.449543 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Speller, C.V., Multicomponent Cluster Ions.3. Comparative Stabilities of Cationic and Anionic Hydrogen Bonded Networks. Mixed Clusters of Water and Hydrogen Cyanide, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 6580. [all data]

Okumura, Yeh, et al., 1990
Okumura, M.; Yeh, L.I.; Myers, J.D.; Lee, Y.T., Infrared Spectra of the Solvated Hydronium Ion: Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy of Mass-Selected H3O+.(H2O)n.(H2)m, J. Phys. Chem., 1990, 94, 9, 3416, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100372a014 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References