Limonene
- Formula: C10H16
- Molecular weight: 136.2340
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 138-86-3
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Species with the same structure:
- Stereoisomers:
- Other names: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-; p-Mentha-1,8-diene; α-Limonene; Cajeputen; Cajeputene; Cinen; Cinene; Dipenten; Dipentene; Eulimen; Kautschin; Limonen; Nesol; p-Mentha-1,8(9)-diene; δ-1,8-Terpodiene; p-Mentha-1,8-diene, dl-; Acintene DP dipentene; Di-p-mentha-1,8-diene; DL-Limonene; Inactive limonene; 1-Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene; 1,8(9)-p-Menthadiene; 4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene; Acintene DP; Dipanol; UN 2052; Unitene; 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; 1,8-p-Menthadiene; 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene; 1-Methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohexene; (.+/-.)-Limonene; Achilles dipentene; 1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene; 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethynyl); Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (.+/-.)-; (.+/-.)-Dipentene; (.+/-.)-α-Limonene; Flavor orange; Goldflush II; NSC 21446; Orange flavor; PC 560; D-Limonene; (+)-limonene; (+)-(4R)-limonene; ( R/ S)-limonene; (R)-(+)-Limonene; (R)-Limonene; (±)-limonene; Limonene [4R-(+), 4S-(-)]; δ-Limonene; 1-Limonene; 1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene (limonene); (S)-(-)-Limonene; Limonene+; Dipentene limonene
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- Options:
Data at NIST subscription sites:
NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Go To: Top, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | ZB-1 | ZB-1 | ZB-1 | ZB-1 | ZB-1 |
Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | He |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Temperature (C) | 100. | 110. | 120. | 130. | 140. |
I | 1027.41 | 1030.32 | 1033.31 | 1036.39 | 1039.52 |
Reference | Hoskovec, Grygarová, et al., 2005 | Hoskovec, Grygarová, et al., 2005 | Hoskovec, Grygarová, et al., 2005 | Hoskovec, Grygarová, et al., 2005 | Hoskovec, Grygarová, et al., 2005 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | ZB-1 | ZB-1 | ZB-1 | ZB-1 | ZB-1 |
Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | He |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Temperature (C) | 40. | 50. | 60. | 70. | 80. |
I | 1011.1 | 1013.66 | 1016.32 | 1018.99 | 1021.74 |
Reference | Hoskovec, Grygarová, et al., 2005 | Hoskovec, Grygarová, et al., 2005 | Hoskovec, Grygarová, et al., 2005 | Hoskovec, Grygarová, et al., 2005 | Hoskovec, Grygarová, et al., 2005 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | ZB-1 | DB-1 | DB-1 | DB-1 | DB-1 |
Column length (m) | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. | 30. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | He |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.25 | 5. | 5. | 5. | 5. |
Temperature (C) | 90. | 120. | 120. | 140. | 140. |
I | 1024.53 | 1033.04 | 1033.21 | 1039.19 | 1039.68 |
Reference | Hoskovec, Grygarová, et al., 2005 | Harangi, 2003 | Harangi, 2003 | Harangi, 2003 | Harangi, 2003 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | OV-1 | OV-1 | OV-1 | OV-1 | OV-1 |
Column length (m) | 25. | 25. | 25. | 25. | 25. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | He |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Temperature (C) | 100. | 110. | 120. | 130. | 140. |
I | 1027.23 | 1030.21 | 1033.38 | 1036.74 | 1040.32 |
Reference | Tarján, Bitter, et al., 2002 | Tarján, Bitter, et al., 2002 | Tarján, Bitter, et al., 2002 | Tarján, Bitter, et al., 2002 | Tarján, Bitter, et al., 2002 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | OV-1 | OV-1 | OV-1 | SE-30 | SE-30 |
Column length (m) | 25. | 25. | 25. | 40. | |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | ||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.35 | |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.35 | |
Temperature (C) | 150. | 80. | 90. | 100. | 100. |
I | 1044.15 | 1021.75 | 1024.42 | 1027. | 1027.1 |
Reference | Tarján, Bitter, et al., 2002 | Tarján, Bitter, et al., 2002 | Tarján, Bitter, et al., 2002 | Tudor and Moldovan, 1999 | Tudor, 1997 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Packed | Packed | Packed | Packed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | PB-1 | OV-101 | OV-101 | OV-101 | OV-101 |
Column length (m) | 42. | 2. | 2. | 2. | 2. |
Carrier gas | Ar | Ar | Ar | Ar | |
Substrate | W-AW-DMCS | W-AW-DMCS | W-AW-DMCS | W-AW-DMCS | |
Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | ||||
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 130. | 130. | 140. | 150. | 160. |
I | 1038. | 1036. | 1040. | 1045. | 1049. |
Reference | Engewald, Knobloch, et al., 1991 | Szabolcs, Benecke, et al., 1985 | Szabolcs, Benecke, et al., 1985 | Szabolcs, Benecke, et al., 1985 | Szabolcs, Benecke, et al., 1985 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | SE-30 | OV-101 | OV-101 | OV-101 | OV-101 |
Column length (m) | 15. | ||||
Carrier gas | N2 | ||||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | ||||
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 70. | 130. | 140. | 150. | 160. |
I | 1019.8 | 1026. | 1029. | 1032. | 1036. |
Reference | Tóth, 1983 | Benecke, Thieme, et al., 1982 | Benecke, Thieme, et al., 1982 | Benecke, Thieme, et al., 1982 | Benecke, Thieme, et al., 1982 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | SE-30 | SE-30 | SE-30 | SE-30 | Apiezon L |
Column length (m) | 100. | 100. | 100. | 100. | 45. |
Carrier gas | |||||
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 |
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 130. | 80. | 130. | 80. | 100. |
I | 1036. | 1019. | 1038. | 1023. | 1048. |
Reference | Bredael, 1982 | Bredael, 1982 | Bredael, 1982 | Bredael, 1982 | Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Packed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | SE-30 | SE-30 | SE-30 | SF-96 | SE-30 |
Column length (m) | 80. | 80. | 80. | 152. | 6.145 |
Carrier gas | N2 | ||||
Substrate | Chromosorb W | ||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | ||
Temperature (C) | 100. | 110. | 130. | 100. | 160. |
I | 1027. | 1031.3 | 1035.2 | 1023. | 1051. |
Reference | Saeed, Redant, et al., 1979 | Saeed, Redant, et al., 1979 | Saeed, Redant, et al., 1979 | Kepner, Ellison, et al., 1974 | Hedin, Thompson, et al., 1972 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Packed | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | SF-96 | Apiezon L | Squalane | SF-96 |
Column length (m) | 15. | 152. | ||
Carrier gas | He | |||
Substrate | Chromosorb P | |||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.8 | ||
Phase thickness (μm) | ||||
Temperature (C) | 100. | 100. | 86. | 100. |
I | 1042.8 | 1044.9 | 1021. | 1028. |
Reference | Andersen and Syrdal, 1970 | Andersen and Syrdal, 1970 | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | Sakai, Maarse, et al., 1967 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
References
Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Hoskovec, Grygarová, et al., 2005
Hoskovec, Michal; Grygarová, Dana; Cvacka, Josef; Streinz, Ludvík; Zima, Jirí; Verevkin, Sergey P.; Koutek, Bohumír,
Determining the vapour pressures of plant volatiles from gas chromatographic retention data,
Journal of Chromatography A, 2005, 1083, 1-2, 161-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.006
. [all data]
Harangi, 2003
Harangi, J.,
Short communication. Retention index calculation without n-alkanes -- the virtual carbon number,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 993, 1-2, 187-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00320-0
. [all data]
Tarján, Bitter, et al., 2002
Tarján, G.; Bitter, I.; Strasser, B.; Szatmáry, M.,
Data for the gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of essential oils. Determination of the composition of the essential oil of marjoram,
Chromatographia Sup., 2002, 56, 1, s155-s163, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02494130
. [all data]
Tudor and Moldovan, 1999
Tudor, E.; Moldovan, D.,
Temperature Dependence of the Retention Index for Perfumery Compounds on a Se-30 Glass Capillary Column. II. The Hyperbolic Equation,
J. Chromatogr., 1999, 848, 1-2, 215-227, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00412-4
. [all data]
Tudor, 1997
Tudor, E.,
Temperature dependence of the retention index for perfumery compounds on a SE-30 glass capillary column. I. Linear equations,
J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 779, 1-2, 287-297, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00453-6
. [all data]
Engewald, Knobloch, et al., 1991
Engewald, W.; Knobloch, T.; Haufe, G.; Muller, M.; Pohris, V.,
A Novel Method for Terpene Pattern Determination of Essential Oils by Selectivity Tuning in GC,
Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1991, 341, 10, 641-643, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00322279
. [all data]
Szabolcs, Benecke, et al., 1985
Szabolcs, N.; Benecke, R.; Thieme, H.,
Természetes eredetu növényi anyagok gázkromatográfiás retenciós tulajdonságai. I. A lavandula- és lavandinolaj fo kimponenseinek retenciós indexei,
Acta Pharm. Hung., 1985, 55, 49-58. [all data]
Tóth, 1983
Tóth, T.,
Use of capillary gas chromatography in collecting retention and chemical information for the analysis of complex petrochemical mixtures,
J. Chromatogr., 1983, 279, 157-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93614-3
. [all data]
Benecke, Thieme, et al., 1982
Benecke, R.; Thieme, H.; Nyiredy, Sz.,
Retentionsverhalten der Hauptkomponenten der Lavendel und Lavandinöle an Verschiedenen stationären Phasen in Abhängigkeit von der Säulentemperatur,
J. Chromatogr., 1982, 238, 1, 75-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)82713-2
. [all data]
Bredael, 1982
Bredael, P.,
Retention indices of hydrocarbons on SE-30,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1982, 5, 6, 325-328, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050610
. [all data]
Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980
Morishita, F.; Okano, T.; Kojima, T.,
Retention indices of monocyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons,
Bunseki Kagaku, 1980, 29, 1, 48-53, https://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.29.48
. [all data]
Saeed, Redant, et al., 1979
Saeed, T.; Redant, G.; Sandra, P.,
Kovats Indices of Monoterpene Hydrocarbons on Glass Capillary Columns,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1979, 2, 2, 75-76, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240020208
. [all data]
Kepner, Ellison, et al., 1974
Kepner, R.E.; Ellison, B.O.; Breckenridge, M.; Connolly, G.; Madden, S.C.; Muller, C.J.,
Volatile terpenes in California Bay foliage. Changes in composition during maturation,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1974, 22, 5, 781-784, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60195a027
. [all data]
Hedin, Thompson, et al., 1972
Hedin, P.A.; Thompson, A.C.; Gueldner, R.C.,
Application of a Sequential Reduction Regimen to Fractionation of Essential Oils,
Anal. Chem., 1972, 44, 7, 1254-1257, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60315a030
. [all data]
Andersen and Syrdal, 1970
Andersen, N.H.; Syrdal, D.D.,
Terpenes and sesquiterpenes of chamaecyparis nootkatensis leaf oil,
Phytochemistry, 1970, 9, 6, 1325-1340, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85326-1
. [all data]
Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E.,
Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates,
J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203
. [all data]
Sakai, Maarse, et al., 1967
Sakai, T.; Maarse, H.; Kepner, R.E.; Jennings, W.G.; Longhurst, W.M.,
Volatile components of Douglas fir needles,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1967, 15, 6, 1070-1072, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60154a027
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal, References
- Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.