Pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl-

• Formula: C₆H₈N₂
• Molecular weight: 108.1411
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C6H8N2/c1-5-3-8-6(2)4-7-5/h3-4H,1-2H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LCZUOKDVTBMCMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 123-32-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine
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• Information on this page:
  • Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Phase change data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
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Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

References

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 9999
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Puvipirom and Chaisei, 2012
Puvipirom, J.; Chaisei, S., Contribution of roasted grains and seeds in aroma of oleang (Thai coffee drink), Int. Food Res. J., 2012, 19, 2, 583-588. [all data]

Budryn, Nebesny, et al., 2011
Budryn, G.; Nebesny, E.; Kula, J.; Majda, T.; Krysiak, W., HS-SPME/GC/MS Profiles of convectively and microwave roasted Ivory Coast Robusta coffee brews, Czech. J. Food Sci., 2011, 29, 2, 151-160. [all data]

Moon and Shibamoto, 2010
Moon, J.-K.; Shibamoto, T., Formation of volatile chemicals from thermal degradation of less volatile cofee components: quinic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58, 9, 5465-5470, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf1005148 . [all data]

Mo, Fan, et al., 2009
Mo, X.; Fan, W.; Xu, Y., Changes in volatile compounds of Chinese rice wine wheat qu during fermentation and storage, J. of the Institute of Brewing, 2009, 115, 4, 300-307, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2050-0416.2009.tb00385.x . [all data]

Moon and Shibamoto, 2009
Moon, J.-K.; Shibamoto, T., Role of roasting conditions in the profile of volatile flavor chemicals formed from coffee beans, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 13, 5823-5831, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf901136e . [all data]

Du, Clery, et al., 2008
Du, Z.; Clery, R.; Hammond, C.J., Volatile organic nitrogen-containing constituents in ambrette seed Abelmoschus moschatus Medik (Malvaceae), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56, 16, 7388-7392, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf800958d . [all data]

Marin, Pozrl, et al., 2008
Marin, K.; Pozrl, T.; Zlatic, E.; Plestenjak, A., A new aroma index to determine the aroma quality of roasted and ground coffee during storage, Food Technol. Biotechnol., 2008, 46, 4, 442-447. [all data]

Characterization of Pyrazines in Some Chinese Liquors and Their Approximate Concentrations, 2007
Characterization of Pyrazines in Some Chinese Liquors; Their Approximate Concentrations, W. Fan; Y. Xu; Y. Zhang, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 9956-9962. [all data]

Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2007
Cros, S.; Vandanjon, L.; Jaouen, P.; Bourseau, P., Processing of Industrial Mussel Cooking Juices by Reverse Osmotis: Pollution Abatement and Aromas Recovery, 2007, retrieved from title of Internet file: [imstec064]. [all data]

Nebesny, Budryn, et al., 2007
Nebesny, E.; Budryn, G.; Kula, J.; Majda, T., The effect of roasting method on headspace composition of robusta coffee bean aroma, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2007, 225, 1, 9-19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0375-0 . [all data]

Fujioka and Shibamoto, 2006
Fujioka, K.; Shibamoto, T., Quantitation of volatiles and nonvolatile acids in an extract from coffee beverages: correlation with antioxidant activity, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 16, 6054-6058, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060460x . [all data]

Osada and Shibamoto, 2006
Osada, Y.; Shibamoto, T., Antioxidative activity of volatile extracts from Maillard model systems, Food Chem., 2006, 98, 3, 522-528, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.084 . [all data]

Ishizaki, Tachihara, et al., 2005
Ishizaki, S.; Tachihara, T.; Tamura, H.; Yanai, T.; Kitahara, T., Evaluation of odour-active compounds in roasted shrimp (Sergia lucens Hansen) by aroma extract dilution analysis, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 6, 562-566, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1484 . [all data]

Ishikawa, Ito, et al., 2004
Ishikawa, M.; Ito, O.; Ishizaki, S.; Kurobayashi, Y.; Fujita, A., Solid-phase aroma concentrate extraction (SPACE ): a new headspace technique for more sensitive analysis of volatiles, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 3, 183-187, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1322 . [all data]

Yanagimoto, Ochi, et al., 2004
Yanagimoto, K.; Ochi, H.; Lee, K.-G.; Shibamoto, T., Antioxidative activities of fractions obtained from brewed coffee, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 3, 592-596, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030317t . [all data]

Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003
Cros, S.; Vandanjon, L.; Jaouen, P.; Bourseau, P., IMSTEC'03 Conference Proceedings, Processing of industrial mussel cooking juices by reverse osmosis: pollution abatement and aromas recovery, Universoty of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 2003, 6. [all data]

Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003
Tanaka, T.; Yamauchi, T.; Katsumata, R.; Kiuchi, K., Comparison of volatile components in commercial Itohiki-Natto by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography, Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 2003, 50, 6, 278-285, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.50.278 . [all data]

Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 2003
Wanakhachornkrai, P.; Lertsiri, S., Analytical, nutritional, and clinical methods. Comparison of determination method for volatile compounds in Thai soy sauce, Food Chem., 2003, 83, 4, 619-629, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00256-5 . [all data]

Ito, Sugimoto, et al., 2002
Ito, Y.; Sugimoto, A.; Kakuda, T.; Kubota, K., Identification of potent odorants in Chinese jasmine green tea scented with flowers of Jasminum sambac, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 17, 4878-4884, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020282h . [all data]

Qian and Reineccius, 2002
Qian, M.; Reineccius, G., Identification of aroma compounds in Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese by gas chromatography/olfactometry, J. Dairy Sci., 2002, 85, 6, 1362-1369, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74202-1 . [all data]

Sanz, Maeztu, et al., 2002
Sanz, C.; Maeztu, L.; Zapelena, M.J.; Bello, J.; Cid, C., Profiles of volatile compounds and sensory analysis of three blends of coffee: influence of different proportions of Arabica and Robusta and influence of roasting coffee with sugar, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2002, 82, 8, 840-847, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1110 . [all data]

Chyau and Mau, 2001
Chyau, C.-C.; Mau, J.-L., Effects of various oils on volatile compounds of deep-fried shallot flavouring, Food Chem., 2001, 74, 1, 41-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00336-8 . [all data]

Maeztu, Sanz, et al., 2001
Maeztu, L.; Sanz, C.; Andueza, S.; de Peña, M.P.; Bello, J.; Cid, C., Characterization of espresso coffee aroma by static headspace GC-MS and sensory flavor profile, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 11, 5437-5444, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0107959 . [all data]

Sanz, Ansorena, et al., 2001
Sanz, C.; Ansorena, D.; Bello, J.; Cid, C., Optimizing headspace temperature and time sampling for identification of volatile compounds in ground roasted Arabica coffee, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 3, 1364-1369, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001100r . [all data]

Lee and Shibamoto, 2000
Lee, K.-G.; Shibamoto, T., Antioxidant properties of aroma compounds isolated from soybeans and mung beans, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 9, 4290-4293, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000442u . [all data]

Buttery, Orts, et al., 1999
Buttery, R.G.; Orts, W.J.; Takeoka, G.R.; Nam, Y., Volatile flavor components of rice cakes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 10, 4353-4356, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990140w . [all data]

Hwan and Chou, 1999
Hwan, C.-H.; Chou, C.-C., Volatile components of the Chinese fermented soya bean curd as affected by the addition of ethanol in ageing solution, J. Sci. Food Agric., 1999, 79, 2, 243-248, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199902)79:2<243::AID-JSFA179>3.0.CO;2-I . [all data]

Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999
Iwatsuki, K.; Mizota, Y.; Kubota, T.; Nishimura, O.; Masuda, H.; Sotoyama, K.; Tomita, M., Aroma extract dilution analysis. Evluation of aroma of pasteurized and UHT processed milk by aroma extract dilution analysis, Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 1999, 46, 9, 587-597, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.46.587 . [all data]

Buttery and Ling, 1998
Buttery, R.G.; Ling, L.C., Additional studies on flavor components of corn tortilla chips, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 7, 2764-2769, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980125b . [all data]

Chyau, Lin, et al., 1997
Chyau, C.-C.; Lin, Y.-C.; Mau, J.-L., Storage stability of deep-fried shallot flavoring, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 8, 3211-3215, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970109z . [all data]

Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997
Sekiwa, Y.; Kubota, K.; Kobayashi, A., Characteristic flavor components in the brew of cooked clam (Meretrix lusoria) and the effect of storage on flavor formation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 3, 826-830, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960433e . [all data]

Kubota, Matsujage, et al., 1996
Kubota, K.; Matsujage, Y.; Sekiwa, Y.; Kobayashi, A., Identification of the characteristic volatile flavor compounds formed by cooking squid (Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup), Food Sci. Technol., 1996, 2, 3, 163-166. [all data]

Pollak and Berger, 1996
Pollak, F.C.; Berger, R.G., Geosmin and Related Volatiles in Bioreactor-Cultured Streptomyces citreus CBS 109.60, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1996, 62, 4, 1295-1299. [all data]

Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996
Shuichi, H.; Masazumi, N.; Hiromu, K.; Kiyoshi, F., Comparison of volatile compounds berween the crude drugs, Onji-tsutsu and Onji-niki, Nippon nogei kagaku kaishi, 1996, 70, 2, 151-160. [all data]

Kawakami, Ganguly, et al., 1995
Kawakami, M.; Ganguly, S.N.; Banerjee, J.; Kobayashi, A., Aroma composition of oolong tea and black tea by brewed extraction method and characterizing compounds of Darjeeling tea aroma, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 1, 200-207, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00049a037 . [all data]

Togari, Kobayashi, et al., 1995
Togari, N.; Kobayashi, A.; Aishima, T., Pattern recognition applied to gas chromatographic profiles of volatile components in three tea categories, Food Res. Int., 1995, 28, 5, 495-502, https://doi.org/10.1016/0963-9969(95)00029-1 . [all data]

Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995
Umano, K.; Hagi, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Shyoji, A.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile chemicals formed in the headspace of a heated D-glucose/L-cysteine Maillard model system, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 8, 2212-2218, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00056a046 . [all data]

Egolf and Jurs, 1993
Egolf, L.M.; Jurs, P.C., Quantitative structure-retention and structure-odor intensity relationships for a diverse group of odor-active compounds, Anal. Chem., 1993, 65, 21, 3119-3126, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00069a027 . [all data]

Eiserich, Macku, et al., 1992
Eiserich, J.P.; Macku, C.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile antioxidants formed from an L-cysteine/D-glucose Maillard model system, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 10, 1982-1988, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00022a050 . [all data]

Hatsuko, Kazuko, et al., 1992
Hatsuko, S.; Kazuko, H.; Masayoshi, K.; Yoshiaki, I., Improvement of quality of likorine extract by heat treatment, J. Food Sci. Technol., 1992, 39, 11, 976-983, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.39.976 . [all data]

Vernin, Metzger, et al., 1992
Vernin, G.; Metzger, J.; Boniface, C.; Murello, M.-H.; Siouffi, A.; Larice, J.-L.; Parkanyi, C., Kinetics and thermal degradation of the fructose-methionine Amadori intermediates. GC-MS/SPECMA data bank identification of volatile aroma compounds, Carbohyd. Res., 1992, 230, 1, 15-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)90510-X . [all data]

Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991
Kawakami, M.; Kobayashi, A., Volatitle constituents of greem mate and roasted mate, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 7, 1275-1279, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00007a016 . [all data]

Kubota, Nakamoto, et al., 1991
Kubota, K.; Nakamoto, A.; Moriguchi, M.; Kobayashi, A.; Ishii, H., Formation of pyrrolidino[1,2-e]-4H-2,4-dimethyl-1,3,5-dithiazine in the volatiles of boiled short-necked clam, clam, and corbicula, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 6, 1127-1130, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00006a027 . [all data]

Pfannhauser, 1990
Pfannhauser, W., Fluchtige Verbindungen aus extrudaten von triticale, Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau, 1990, 86, 3, 69-72. [all data]

Mihara and Masuda, 1988
Mihara, S.; Masuda, H., Structure-odor relationships for disubstituted pyrazines, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 6, 1242-1247, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00084a029 . [all data]

Vernin, Metzger, et al., 1988
Vernin, G.; Metzger, J.; Obretenov, T.; Suon, K.-N.; Fraisse, D., GC/MS (EI,PCI,SIM)-data bank analysis of volatile compounds arising from thermal degradation of glucose-valine amadori intermediates in Flavors and Fragrances: A World Perspective. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavors, Lawrence,B.M.; Mookherjee,B.D.; Willis,B.J., ed(s)., Elsevier, New York, 1988, 999-1028. [all data]

Wong and Bernhard, 1988
Wong, J.M.; Bernhard, R.A., Effect of nitrogen source on pyrazine formation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 1, 123-129, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00079a032 . [all data]

Wu, Liou, et al., 1987
Wu, C.-M.; Liou, S.-E.; Chang, Y.-H.; Chiang, W., Volatile compounds of the wax gourd (Benincasa hispida, Cogn) and a wax gourd beverage, J. Food Sci., 1987, 52, 1, 132-134, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1987.tb13988.x . [all data]

Mihara and Enomoto, 1985
Mihara, S.; Enomoto, N., Calculation of retention indices of pyrazines on the basis of molecular structure, J. Chromatogr., 1985, 324, 428-430, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81342-X . [all data]

Buttery, Ling, et al., 1983
Buttery, R.G.; Ling, L.C.; Teranishi, R.; Mon, T.R., Insect attractants: volatiles of hydrolizyed protein insect baits, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1983, 31, 4, 689-692, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00118a003 . [all data]

Seifert and King, 1982
Seifert, R.M.; King, A.D., Jr., Identification of some volatile constituents of Aspergillus clavatus, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1982, 30, 4, 786-790, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00112a044 . [all data]

Liardon and Ledermann, 1980
Liardon, R.; Ledermann, S., volatile components of fermented soya hydrolysate. II. Composition of basic fraction, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 1980, 170, 3, 208-213, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01042542 . [all data]

Shibamoto and Russell, 1977
Shibamoto, T.; Russell, G.F., A study of the volatiles isolated from a D-glucose-hydrogen sulfide-ammonia model system, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1977, 25, 1, 109-112, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60209a054 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Tend	Final temperature
  Tstart	Initial temperature

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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