Hydroquinone

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-277.0 ± 1.4kJ/molCcrSabbah and Buluku, 1991ΔHfusion =21.09±0.4 kJ/mol; ALS
Δfgas-272.0kJ/molN/APilcher and Sutton, 1956Value computed using ΔfHsolid° value of -366.1±1.2 kj/mol from Pilcher and Sutton, 1956 and ΔsubH° value of 94.1 kj/mol from Sabbah and Buluku, 1991.; DRB
Δfgas-268.9kJ/molN/AParks, Manchester, et al., 1954Value computed using ΔfHsolid° value of -363.0±1.0 kj/mol from Parks, Manchester, et al., 1954 and ΔsubH° value of 94.1 kj/mol from Sabbah and Buluku, 1991.; DRB
Δfgas-266.9kJ/molN/APushin, 1954Value computed using ΔfHsolid° value of -361.0 kj/mol from Pushin, 1954 and ΔsubH° value of 94.1 kj/mol from Sabbah and Buluku, 1991.; DRB
Δfgas-268.4kJ/molN/ASchreiner, 1925Value computed using ΔfHsolid° value of -362.5 kj/mol from Schreiner, 1925 and ΔsubH° value of 94.1 kj/mol from Sabbah and Buluku, 1991.; DRB
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas343.1 ± 5.0J/mol*KN/AKudchadker S.A., 1979GT

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
34.5250.Kudchadker S.A., 1979GT
47.69100.
66.48150.
86.13200.
114.40273.15
123.60298.15
124.27300.
157.14400.
183.26500.
203.62600.
219.74700.
232.82800.
243.67900.
252.831000.
260.641100.
267.361200.
273.171300.
278.221400.
282.611500.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil558.2KN/AAldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990BS
Tboil558.2KN/AKrupatkin and Rozhentsova, 1971Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus445.0KN/ABret-Dibat and Lichanot, 1989Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.6 K; TRC
Tfus445.KN/ABuckingham and Donaghy, 1982BS
Tfus443.5KN/AKrupatkin and Rozhentsova, 1971Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple445.98KN/ASabbah and Buluku, 1991, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 K; TRC
Ttriple445.5KN/AAndrews, Lynn, et al., 1926Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; obtained from cooling curve in absence of air; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap84.4 ± 0.7kJ/molN/AVerevkin and Kozlova, 2008AC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δsub94.13 ± 0.53kJ/molCSabbah and Buluku, 1991ΔHfusion =21.09±0.4 kJ/mol; ALS
Δsub94.1kJ/molN/ASabbah and Buluku, 1991DRB
Δsub94.1 ± 0.5kJ/molCSabbah and Buluku, 1991AC
Δsub99.2 ± 1.7kJ/molCMagnus, 1956Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = 104. kJ/mol; ALS
Δsub103.76kJ/molVCoolidge and Coolidge, 1927ALS

Reduced pressure boiling point

Tboil (K) Pressure (bar) Reference Comment
558.20.973Weast and Grasselli, 1989BS
558.0.973Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982BS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
70.5463.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 448. to 559. K.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
432.3 to 559.5.89473049.481-40.485von Terres, Gebert, et al., 1955Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
100.6 ± 1.3332.N/AChen, Oja, et al., 2006Based on data from 325. to 339. K.; AC
93.7 ± 0.5334.CSabbah and Buluku, 1991AC
101.3341. to 400.GSBender, Bieling, et al., 1983AC
104. ± 1.342.ME,TEde Kruif, 1981AC
103.8313.N/AMagnus, 1956Based on data from 298. to 346. K.; AC
99. ± 2.351.VWolf and Weghofer, 1938ALS
103.8326. to 345.QFCoolidge and Coolidge, 1927AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
26.500444.95N/ABret-Dibat and Lichanot, 1989, 2DH
27.23445.1N/AVerevkin and Kozlova, 2008AC
26.48453.N/ABret-Dibat and Lichanot, 1989, 2AC
27.110445.5N/AAndrews, Lynn, et al., 1926, 2DH
27.11445.1CAndrews, Lynn, et al., 1926, 2AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
59.444.95Bret-Dibat and Lichanot, 1989, 2DH
60.9445.5Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926, 2DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C6H5O2- + Hydrogen cation = Hydroquinone

By formula: C6H5O2- + H+ = C6H6O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1466. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1436. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Mass spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-1852
NIST MS number 228148

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedOV-1180.1327.Radecki and Grzybowski, 1978Chromosorb W HMDS (100-120 mesh); Column length: 2.1 m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
PackedSE-301334.Grzybowski, Lamparczyk, et al., 1980Chromosorb W HMDS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 2.9 m; Program: not specified

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax2693.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2693.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5 MS1241.Xian, Chen, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 6 0C/min -> 150 0C (1 min) 10 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
CapillarySE-301334.Peterson, 1992Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5220.6Wang, Hou, et al., 200730. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-5207.49Williams and Horne, 1995He, 60. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tend: 270. C

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Sabbah and Buluku, 1991
Sabbah, R.; Buluku, E.N.L.E., Thermodynamic study of three isomers of dihydroxybenzene, Can. J. Chem., 1991, 69, 481-488. [all data]

Pilcher and Sutton, 1956
Pilcher, G.; Sutton, L.E., The heats of combustion of quinol and p-benzoquinone and the thermodynamic quantities of the oxidation-reduction reaction, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 2695-2700. [all data]

Parks, Manchester, et al., 1954
Parks, G.S.; Manchester, K.E.; Vaughan, L.M., Heats of combustion and formation of some alcohols, phenols, and ketones, J. Chem. Phys., 1954, 22, 2089-2090. [all data]

Pushin, 1954
Pushin, N.A., Heats of combustion and heats of formation of isomeric organic compounds, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belgrade, 1954, 19, 531-547. [all data]

Schreiner, 1925
Schreiner, E., Thermodynamics of the quinhydrone electrode and the chemical constant of hydrogen, Z. Phys. Chem., 1925, 117, 57-87. [all data]

Kudchadker S.A., 1979
Kudchadker S.A., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of benzene diols: pyrocatechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone, Thermochim. Acta, 1979, 30, 319-326. [all data]

Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee WI, 1990, 1. [all data]

Krupatkin and Rozhentsova, 1971
Krupatkin, I.L.; Rozhentsova, E.P., Some properties of systems with latent liquid immiscibility, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1971, 45, 1700. [all data]

Bret-Dibat and Lichanot, 1989
Bret-Dibat, P.; Lichanot, A., Proprietes thermodynamiques des isomeres de position de benzenes disubstitues en phase condensee, Thermochim. Acta, 1989, 147, 2, 261, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(89)85181-0 . [all data]

Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982
Buckingham, J.; Donaghy, S.M., Dictionary of Organic Compounds: Fifth Edition, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1982, 1. [all data]

Sabbah and Buluku, 1991, 2
Sabbah, R.; Buluku, E.N.L.E., Thermodynamic stury of the three isomers of dihydroxybenzene, Can. J. Chem., 1991, 69, 481. [all data]

Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926
Andrews, D.H.; Lynn, G.; Johnston, J., The Heat Capacities and Heat of Crystallization of Some Isomeric Aromatic Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 1274. [all data]

Verevkin and Kozlova, 2008
Verevkin, Sergey P.; Kozlova, Svetlana A., Di-hydroxybenzenes: Catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone, Thermochimica Acta, 2008, 471, 1-2, 33-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2008.02.016 . [all data]

Magnus, 1956
Magnus, A., Die resonanzenergien der parachinone Aui grund der prazisionsmessungsen ihrer verbrennungswarmen durch herrn gerhard wittwer, Z. Phys. Chem. (Neue Folge), 1956, 9, 141-161. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Coolidge and Coolidge, 1927
Coolidge, A.S.; Coolidge, M.S., The sublimation pressures of substituted quinones and hydroquinones, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1927, 49, 100-104. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

von Terres, Gebert, et al., 1955
von Terres, E.; Gebert, F.; Hulsemann, H.; Petereit, H.; Toepsch, H.; Ruppert, W., Zur Kenntnis der physikalisch-chemischen Grundlagen der Gewinnung und Zerlegung der Phenolfraktionen von Steinkohlenteer und Braunkohlenschwelteer. IV. Mitteilung Die Dampfdrucke von Phenol und Phenolderivaten, Brennst.-Chem., 1955, 36, 272-274. [all data]

Chen, Oja, et al., 2006
Chen, Xu; Oja, Vahur; Chan, W. Geoffrey; Hajaligol, Mohammad R., Vapor Pressure Characterization of Several Phenolics and Polyhydric Compounds by Knudsen Effusion Method, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2006, 51, 2, 386-391, https://doi.org/10.1021/je050293h . [all data]

Bender, Bieling, et al., 1983
Bender, R.; Bieling, V.; Maurer, G., The vapour pressures of solids: anthracene, hydroquinone, and resorcinol, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1983, 15, 6, 585-594, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(83)90058-7 . [all data]

de Kruif, 1981
de Kruif, C.G., Thermodynamic properties of 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), 1,4-hydroquinone (HQ), 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ), 1,4-naphthohydroquinone (NHQ), and the complexes BQ--HQ 1:1, NQ--HQ 1:1, NQ--NHQ 2:1, and NQ--NHQ 1:1, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 74, 10, 5838, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.440898 . [all data]

Wolf and Weghofer, 1938
Wolf, K.L.; Weghofer, H., Uber sublimationswarmen, Z. Phys. Chem., 1938, 39, 194-208. [all data]

Bret-Dibat and Lichanot, 1989, 2
Bret-Dibat, P.; Lichanot, A., Thermodynamic properties of positional isomers of disubstituted benzene in condensed phase, Thermochim. Acta, 1989, 147(2), 261-271. [all data]

Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926, 2
Andrews, D.H.; Lynn, G.; Johnston, J., The heat capacities and heat of crystallization of some isomeric aromatic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 1274-1287. [all data]

Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981
Fujio, M.; McIver, R.T., Jr.; Taft, R.W., Effects on the acidities of phenols from specific substituent-solvent interactions. Inherent substituent parameters from gas phase acidities, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 4017. [all data]

Radecki and Grzybowski, 1978
Radecki, A.; Grzybowski, J., Linear relationship between retention indices and chemical structure of phenols, J. Chromatogr., 1978, 152, 1, 211-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)85352-2 . [all data]

Grzybowski, Lamparczyk, et al., 1980
Grzybowski, J.; Lamparczyk, H.; Nasal, A.; Radecki, A., Relationship between the retention indices of phenols on polar and non-polar stationary phases, J. Chromatogr., 1980, 196, 2, 217-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)80441-0 . [all data]

Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1993
Shiratsuchi, H.; Shimoda, M.; Minegishi, Y.; Osajima, Y., Isolation and identification of volatile flavor compounds in nonfermented coarse-cut sausage. Flavor as a quality factor of nonfermented sausage. 1, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 4, 647-652, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00028a027 . [all data]

Xian, Chen, et al., 2006
Xian, Q.-M.; Chen, H.-D.; Zou, H.-H., Allelopathic activity of volatile substance from submerged macrophytes on Microcystin aeruginosa, Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26, 11, 3549-3554, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2032(06)60054-1 . [all data]

Peterson, 1992
Peterson, K.L., Counter-Propagation Neural Networks in the Modeling and Prediction of Kovats Indices for Substituted Phenols, Anal. Chem., 1992, 64, 4, 379-386, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00028a011 . [all data]

Wang, Hou, et al., 2007
Wang, G.; Hou, Z.; Sun, Y.; Liu, Y.; Xie, B.; Liu, S., Investigation of pyrolysis behavior of fenoxycarb using PY-GC-MS assisted with chemometric methods, Chem. Anal., 2007, 52, 141-156. [all data]

Williams and Horne, 1995
Williams, P.T.; Horne, P.A., Analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in pyrolytic oil derived from biomass, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 1995, 31, 15-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(94)00814-H . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References