Hydrogen anion

Formula: H^-
Molecular weight: 1.00849
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H/q-1
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: KLGZELKXQMTEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 12184-88-2
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
Isotopologues:
- Deuterium anion
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Other data available:
- Gas phase thermochemistry data
- Ion clustering data
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Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Hydrogen anion + =

By formula: H^- + H⁺ = H₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	400.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Shiell, Hu, et al., 2000	gas phase; Given: 139714.8±1 cm-1 at 0K, or 399.465±0.003 kcal/mol; B
Δ_rH°	400.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Pratt, McCormack, et al., 1992	gas phase; 399.46±0.01 kcal/mol at 0K; 0.94 correction, Gurvich, Veyts, et al.; B
Δ_rH°	400.40	kcal/mol	D-EA	Lykke, Murray, et al., 1991	gas phase; Reported: 6082.99±0.15 cm-1, or 0.754195(18) eV; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	394.20 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	H-TS	Shiell, Hu, et al., 2000	gas phase; Given: 139714.8±1 cm-1 at 0K, or 399.465±0.003 kcal/mol; B
Δ_rG°	394.20	kcal/mol	H-TS	Lykke, Murray, et al., 1991	gas phase; Reported: 6082.99±0.15 cm-1, or 0.754195(18) eV; B

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + H₃B = (H^- • H₃B)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	74.2 ± 2.8	kcal/mol	Endo	Workman and Squires, 1988	gas phase; From Endo threshold for hydride transfer to CO2; B
Δ_rH°	77.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	Ther	Krivtsov, Titova, et al., 1977	gas phase; value altered from reference due to conversion from electron convention to ion convention; B
Δ_rH°	81.60	kcal/mol	Ther	Altschuller, 1955	gas phase; B

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + H₂O = (H^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Miller, Leopold, et al., 1985	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Est. Adiabatic: 1.40 eV, 32.3 kcal/mol; B
Δ_rH°	17.3 ± 3.5	kcal/mol	Ther	Paulson and Henchman, 1984	gas phase; HOH..HO^- + H₂ ->. See also Griffiths and Harris, 1989; B,M
Δ_rH°	13.80	kcal/mol	CIDT	Paulson and Henchman, 1982	gas phase; B

Hydrogen anion + CAS Reg. No. 10177-98-7 = ( • CAS Reg. No. 10177-98-7)

By formula: H^- + CAS Reg. No. 10177-98-7 = (H^- • CAS Reg. No. 10177-98-7)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.0 ± 4.0	kcal/mol	IMRB	Hajdasz, Ho, et al., 1994	gas phase; affinity order: Et3SiH≤Et2SiH2≤nPnSiH3≤SiH4. nPnSiH3 is 0.4±0.2 kcal/mol > Et3SiH in ΔG. Et3SiH dHf(77PR) is wrong.; B
Δ_rH°	10.8 ± 5.5	kcal/mol	IMRB	Hajdasz and Squires, 1986	gas phase; B

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + C₆H₁₆Si = (H^- • C₆H₁₆Si)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.0 ± 4.0	kcal/mol	IMRB	Hajdasz, Ho, et al., 1994	gas phase; affinity order: Et3SiH≤Et2SiH2≤nPnSiH3≤SiH4. nPnSiH3 is 0.4±0.2 kcal/mol > Et3SiH in ΔG. Et3SiH dHf(77PR) is wrong.; B
Δ_rH°	10.2 ± 5.5	kcal/mol	IMRB	Hajdasz and Squires, 1986	gas phase; B

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + H₄Si = (H^- • H₄Si)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.0 ± 4.0	kcal/mol	IMRB	Hajdasz, Ho, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	22.5 ± 4.5	kcal/mol	IMRE	Hajdasz and Squires, 1986	gas phase; QCISD Calculation: H-A = 20.2, 99MOC; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.6 ± 4.1	kcal/mol	IMRB	Hajdasz, Ho, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + C₄H₁₂Si = (H^- • C₄H₁₂Si)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.0 ± 4.0	kcal/mol	IMRB	Hajdasz, Ho, et al., 1994	gas phase; Hydride affinity order: Et3SiH≤Et2SiH2≤nPnSiH3≤SiH4. dHf(Et2SiH2) in 77Ped/Ryl is 10 kcal/mol too negative, relative to Me2SiH2.Group Additivity imples ca. -25 kcal/mol.; B

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + H₃N = (H^- • H₃N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.10	kcal/mol	Est	Snodgrass, Coe, et al., 1995	gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B
Δ_rH°	8.3	kcal/mol	PES	Coe, Snodgrass, et al., 1985	gas phase; Δ_rH<; M

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + C₃H₉Al = (H^- • C₃H₉Al)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	>84.80 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	IMRB	den Berg, Ingemann, et al., 1992	gas phase; Hydride affinity > (CF3)2CO. Computations indicate HOF(A-) ca. -46 kcal/mol, dHaff ca. 74 kcal/mol; B

( Hydrogen anion • ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (H^- • H₃N) + H₃N = (H^- • 2H₃N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.10	kcal/mol	Est	Snodgrass, Coe, et al., 1995	gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + O₂S = (H^- • O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	63. ± 16.	kcal/mol	IMRB	Sheldon, Currie, et al., 1985	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	57. ± 16.	kcal/mol	IMRB	Sheldon, Currie, et al., 1985	gas phase; B

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + C₆H₁₅B = (H^- • C₆H₁₅B)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	69.4 ± 2.5	kcal/mol	Endo	Workman and Squires, 1988	gas phase; From Endo threshold for hydride transfer to CO2; B

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + C₆MoO₆ = (H^- • C₆MoO₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	44.0 ± 4.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Lane and Squires, 1988	gas phase; Hydride affinity between CH2=O and PhCH=O; B

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + C₆O₆W = (H^- • C₆O₆W)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	44.0 ± 4.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Lane and Squires, 1988	gas phase; Hydride affinity between CH2=O and PhCH=O; B

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + H₆B₂ = (H^- • H₆B₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	74.00	kcal/mol	Ther	Workman and Squires, 1988	gas phase; Calculated from data on BH3..BH4-; B

Hydrogen anion = C₇H₁₅O^-

By formula: H^- = C₇H₁₅O^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	43.3 ± 3.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Boand, Houriet, et al., 1983	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Hydrogen anion + CH₂BN = ( • CH₂BN)

By formula: H^- + CH₂BN = (H^- • CH₂BN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Workman and Squires, 1988	gas phase; Calculated from data on BH3..CN-; B

Hydrogen anion = C₇H₁₃O^-

By formula: H^- = C₇H₁₃O^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	36.7 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + C₅FeO₅ = (H^- • C₅FeO₅)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	56.2 ± 3.0	kcal/mol	IMRB	Lane, Sallans, et al., 1985	gas phase; B

Hydrogen anion + = ( • )

By formula: H^- + HO = (H^- • HO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	51.8 ± 4.1	kcal/mol	Ther	de Koening and Nibbering, 1984	gas phase; B

Hydrogen anion + H₆Al₂ = H₇Al₂^-

By formula: H^- + H₆Al₂ = H₇Al₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	77.0 ± 4.0	kcal/mol	CIDT	Goebbert, Hernandez, et al., 2005	gas phase; B

Hydrogen anion + = H₄Al^-

By formula: H^- + H₃Al = H₄Al^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	75.0 ± 4.0	kcal/mol	CIDT	Goebbert, Hernandez, et al., 2005	gas phase; B

Hydrogen anion + = C₆H₆F₃Si^-

By formula: H^- + C₆H₅F₃Si = C₆H₆F₃Si^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	64.0 ± 3.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	Krouse, Lardin, et al., 2003	gas phase; B

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess

Protonation reactions

Hydrogen anion + =

By formula: H^- + H⁺ = H₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	400.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Shiell, Hu, et al., 2000	gas phase; Given: 139714.8±1 cm-1 at 0K, or 399.465±0.003 kcal/mol
Δ_rH°	400.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Pratt, McCormack, et al., 1992	gas phase; 399.46±0.01 kcal/mol at 0K; 0.94 correction, Gurvich, Veyts, et al.
Δ_rH°	400.40	kcal/mol	D-EA	Lykke, Murray, et al., 1991	gas phase; Reported: 6082.99±0.15 cm-1, or 0.754195(18) eV
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	394.20 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	H-TS	Shiell, Hu, et al., 2000	gas phase; Given: 139714.8±1 cm-1 at 0K, or 399.465±0.003 kcal/mol
Δ_rG°	394.20	kcal/mol	H-TS	Lykke, Murray, et al., 1991	gas phase; Reported: 6082.99±0.15 cm-1, or 0.754195(18) eV

References

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Shiell, Hu, et al., 2000
Shiell, R.C.; Hu, X.K.; Hu, Q.C.J.; Hepburn, J.W., Threshold Ion-pair Production spectroscopy (TIPPS) of H2 and D2, Faraday Disc. Chem. Soc., 2000, 115, 331, https://doi.org/10.1039/a909428h . [all data]

Pratt, McCormack, et al., 1992
Pratt, S.T.; McCormack, E.F.; Dehmer, J.L.; Dehmer, P.M., Field-Induced Ion-Pair Formation in Molecular Hydrogen, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1992, 68, 5, 584, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.584 . [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al.
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Hemisphere Publishing, NY, 1989, V. 1 2, Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th Ed. [all data]

Lykke, Murray, et al., 1991
Lykke, K.R.; Murray, K.K.; Lineberger, W.C., Threshold Photodetachment of H-, Phys. Rev. A, 1991, 43, 11, 6104, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.43.6104 . [all data]

Workman and Squires, 1988
Workman, D.B.; Squires, R.R., Hydride Binding Energies of Boranes, Inorg. Chem., 1988, 27, 11, 1846, https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00284a003 . [all data]

Krivtsov, Titova, et al., 1977
Krivtsov, N.V.; Titova, K.V.; Rosolovskii, V.Ya., Thermochemical study of complex borates, Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 1977, 22, 374. [all data]

Altschuller, 1955
Altschuller, A.P., Lattice Energies and Related Thermodynamic Properties of the Alkali Metal Borohydrides and of the Borohydride Ion, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77, 21, 5455, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01626a001 . [all data]

Miller, Leopold, et al., 1985
Miller, T.M.; Leopold, D.G.; Murray, K.K.; Lineberger, W.C., The Photoelectron Spectrum of H3O-, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 1985, 30, 880. [all data]

Paulson and Henchman, 1984
Paulson, J.F.; Henchman, M.J., On the Formation of H₃O^- in an Ion-Molecule Reaction in Ionic Processes in the Gas Phase,, M.A. Almoster Ferreira, Ed., Reidel, Dordrecht,, 1984, 331. [all data]

Griffiths and Harris, 1989
Griffiths, W.J.; Harris, F.M., Amended Interpretation of the Results Obtained in an Experimental Investigation of the Structure of the H3O- Ion, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1989, 87, 1, R25, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(89)80017-5 . [all data]

Paulson and Henchman, 1982
Paulson, J.F.; Henchman, M.J., The Hydrated Negative Hydrogen Ion, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 1982, 27, 108. [all data]

Hajdasz, Ho, et al., 1994
Hajdasz, D.J.; Ho, Y.; Squires, R.R., Gas-Phase Chemistry of Pentacoordinate Silicon Hydrides, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 23, 10751, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00102a045 . [all data]

Hajdasz and Squires, 1986
Hajdasz, D.J.; Squires, R.R., Hypervalent silicon hydrides: SiH₅^-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 3139. [all data]

Snodgrass, Coe, et al., 1995
Snodgrass, J.T.; Coe, J.V.; Freidhoff, C.B.; Mchugh, K.M.; Arnold, S.T.; Bowen, K.H., Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy of NH2-(NH3)1 and NH2-(NH3)2: Gas phase basicities of partially solvated anions, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 24, 9675, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100024a006 . [all data]

Coe, Snodgrass, et al., 1985
Coe, J.V.; Snodgrass, J.T.; Friedhoff, C.B.; McHugh, K.M.; Bowen, K.H., Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy of the negative ion H-(NH₃), J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 3169. [all data]

den Berg, Ingemann, et al., 1992
den Berg, K.J. van; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Gas Phase Reactions of Negative Ions with Trimethylaluminum: Formation and Reactivity of the Me3AlH- Ion., Org. Mass Spectrom., 1992, 27, 4, 523, https://doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210270427 . [all data]

Sheldon, Currie, et al., 1985
Sheldon, J.C.; Currie, G.J.; Lahnstein, J.; Hayes, R.N.; Bowie, J.H., Gas Phase Ion Chemistry of Ambident Nucleophiles. Reactions of Alkoxide and Thiomethoxide Negative Ions with Hydrogen Free Molecules., Nouv. J. Chem., 1985, 9, 205. [all data]

Lane and Squires, 1988
Lane, K.R.; Squires, R.R., Hydride Transfer to Transition Metal Carbonyls in the Gas Phase. Formation and Relative Stabilities of Anionic Formyl Complexes, Polyhedron, 1988, 7, 16-17, 1609, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)81786-6 . [all data]

Boand, Houriet, et al., 1983
Boand, G.; Houriet, R.; Baumann, T., The gas phase acidity of aliphatic alcohols, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 2203. [all data]

Haas and Harrison, 1993
Haas, M.J.; Harrison, A.G., The Fragmentation of Proton-Bound Cluster Ions and the Gas-Phase Acidities of Alcohols, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1993, 124, 2, 115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)80003-W . [all data]

Lane, Sallans, et al., 1985
Lane, K.R.; Sallans, L.; Squires, R.R., Anion affinities of transition metal carbonyls. A thermochemical correlation for iron tetracarbonyl acyl negative ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 5369. [all data]

de Koening and Nibbering, 1984
de Koening, L.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Formation of the Long-Lived H₂O^-. Ion in the Gas Phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 25, 7971, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00337a054 . [all data]

Goebbert, Hernandez, et al., 2005
Goebbert, D.J.; Hernandez, H.; Francisco, J.S.; Wenthold, P.G., The binding energy and bonding in dialane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 33, 11684-11689, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0424070 . [all data]

Krouse, Lardin, et al., 2003
Krouse, I.H.; Lardin, H.A.; Wenthold, P.G., Gas-phase ion chemistry and ion thermochemistry of phenyltrifluorosilane, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2003, 227, 3, 303-314, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(03)00080-0 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

Symbols used in this document:

Δ_rG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions

Δ_rH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions