Indole

• Formula: C₈H₇N
• Molecular weight: 117.1479
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C8H7N/c1-2-4-8-7(3-1)5-6-9-8/h1-6,9H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 120-72-9
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: 1H-Indole; Ketole; 1-Azaindene; 1-Benzazole; 2,3-Benzopyrrole; Benzopyrrole; Indol; 1-H-indol
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
  • Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Reduced pressure boiling point

Enthalpy of sublimation

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.

Additional Data

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

UV/Visible spectrum

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Good, 1972
Good, W.D., Enthalpies of combustion of nine organic nitrogen compounds related to petroleum, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1972, 17, 28-31. [all data]

Zimmerman and Geisenfelder, 1961
Zimmerman, H.; Geisenfelder, H., Uber die Mesomerieenergie von Azolen, Z. Electrochem., 1961, 65, 368-371. [all data]

Stern and Klebs, 1933
Stern, A.; Klebs, G., Calorimetrische Bestimmungen bei einfachen und mehrkernigen Pyrrolderivaten, Ann., 1933, 504, 287-297. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Cooper, Crowne, et al., 1967
Cooper, A.R.; Crowne, C.W.P.; Farrell, P.G., Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Studies of Electron-Donor-Acceptor Systems, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1967, 63, 447. [all data]

Lecat, 1947
Lecat, M., Some azeotropes of which one constituant is heterocyclic nitrogen, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ser. 1, 1947, 61, 73. [all data]

Adkins and Coonradt, 1941
Adkins, H.; Coonradt, H.L., The Selective Hydrogenation of Derivatives of Pyrrole, Indole, Carbazole and Acridine, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 1563-70. [all data]

Ribeiro da Silva, Cabral, et al., 2008
Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A.V.; Cabral, Joana I.T.A.; Gomes, Jose R.B., Experimental and Computational Study on the Molecular Energetics of Indoline and Indole, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2008, 112, 47, 12263-12269, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp8065212 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Arshadi, 1974
Arshadi, Mohammed R., Determination of heats of sublimation of organic compounds by a mass spectrometric--knudsen effusion method, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1974, 70, 0, 1569, https://doi.org/10.1039/f19747001569 . [all data]

Aihara, 1955
Aihara, A., J. Chem. Soc. Jpn. Pure Chem. Sect., 1955, 76, 497. [all data]

Serpinskii, Voitkevich, et al., 1954
Serpinskii, V.V.; Voitkevich, S.A.; Lyuboshits, N.Y., Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1954, 28, 810. [all data]

Jones, 1960
Jones, A.H., Sublimation Pressure Data for Organic Compounds., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5, 2, 196-200, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60006a019 . [all data]

Plieninger, Hobel, et al., 1963
Plieninger, H.; Hobel, M.; Liede, V., Synthese des 4-Dimethylallyl-tryptophans sowie der Tryptophan-essigsaure-(4), Chem. Ber., 1963, 96, 1618-1629. [all data]

Tudor, 1997
Tudor, E., Temperature dependence of the retention index for perfumery compounds on a SE-30 glass capillary column. I. Linear equations, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 779, 1-2, 287-297, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00453-6 . [all data]

Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981
Gerasimenko, V.A.; Kirilenko, A.V.; Nabivach, V.M., Capillary gas chromatography of aromatic compounds found in coal tar fractions, J. Chromatogr., 1981, 208, 1, 9-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)87953-4 . [all data]

Tibor and Anna, 1971
Tibor, T.; Anna, B., Gázkromatográfiás retenció és a kémiai szerkezet, I., Magy. Kem. Foly., 1971, 77, 576-587. [all data]

Raina, Lal, et al., 2002
Raina, V.K.; Lal, R.K.; Tripathi, S.; Khan, M.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Srivastava, S.K., Erratum. Essential oil composition of genetically diverse stocks of Murraya koenigii from India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 404, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1139 . [all data]

Dickens, 1999
Dickens, J.C., Predator-prey interactions: olfactory adaptations of generalist and specialist predators, Agric. For. Entomol., 1999, 1, 1, 47-54, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-9563.1999.00007.x . [all data]

Greenberg, 1981
Greenberg, M.J., Characterization of meat and bone meal flavor volatiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 6, 1276-1280, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00108a043 . [all data]

Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1981
Yamaguchi, K.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile constituents of green tea, Gyokuro (Camellia sinensis L. var Yabukita), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 2, 366-370, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00104a035 . [all data]

Borse, Jagan Mohan Rao, et al., 2002
Borse, B.B.; Jagan Mohan Rao, L.; Nagalakshmi, S.; Krishnamurthy, N., Fingerprint of black teas from India: identification of the regio-specific characteristics, Food Chem., 2002, 79, 4, 419-424, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00191-7 . [all data]

Dickens J.C., 2000
Dickens J.C., Sexual maturation and temporal variation of neural responses in adult Colorado potato beetles to volatiles emitted by potato plants, J. Chem. Ecol., 2000, 26, 5, 1265-1279, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005492229377 . [all data]

Ramsey, Lee, et al., 1980
Ramsey, J.D.; Lee, T.D.; Osselton, M.D.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 296 non-drug substances on SE-30 or OV-1 likely to be encountered in toxicological analyses, J. Chromatogr., 1980, 184, 2, 185-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)85641-1 . [all data]

Sellier, Tersac, et al., 1981
Sellier, F.; Tersac, G.; Guiochon, G., Étude de la polarité d'un poly(oxy aryl sulfonyl arylène) utilisé comme phase stationnaire en chromatographie gaz-liquide, J. Chromatogr., 1981, 219, 2, 213-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)87931-5 . [all data]

Cunicao, Lopes, et al., 2007
Cunicao, M.M.; Lopes, A.R.; Côcco, L.C.; Yamamoto, C.I.; Plocharski, R.C.B.; Miguel, M.D.; Junior, A.G.; Auer, C.G.; Miguel, O.G., Phytochemical and antibacterial evaluation of essential oils from Ottonia Martiana Miq. (Piperaceae), J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2007, 18, 1, 184-188, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532007000100021 . [all data]

Flamini, Tebano, et al., 2007
Flamini, G.; Tebano, M.; Cioni, P.L., Volatiles emission patterns of different plant organs and pollen of Citrus limon, Anal. Chim. Acta., 2007, 589, 1, 120-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.02.053 . [all data]

Rout, Rao, et al., 2007
Rout, P.K.; Rao, Y.R.; Sree., A.; Naik, S.N., Composition of essential oil, concrete, absolute, wax and headspace volatiles of Murrarya paniculata (Linn.) Jack flowers, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 5, 352-357, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1804 . [all data]

Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006
Mahadevan, K.; Farmer, L., Key Odor Impact Compounds in Three Yeast Extract Pastes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 19, 7242-7250, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061102x . [all data]

Dickschat J.S., Wagner-Dobler I., et al., 2005
Dickschat J.S.; Wagner-Dobler I.; Schulz S., The chafer pheromone buibuilactone and ant pyrazines are also produced by marine bacteria, J. Chem. Ecol., 2005, 31, 4, 925-947, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-3553-9 . [all data]

Píno, Marbot, et al., 2004
Píno, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Vázquez, C., Volatile components of the fruits of Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel. from Cuba, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2004, 16, 4, 302-304, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698727 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Vazquez, C., Volatile components of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) grown in Cuba, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2004, 16, 4, 318-320, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698731 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004, 2
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of Malay rose apple [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. Perry], Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 1, 32-35, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1269 . [all data]

Reis, Pansarim, et al., 2004
Reis, M.G.; Pansarim, E.R.; da Silva, U.F.; Estanislau do Amaral, M.C.; Marsaioli, A.J., Pollinator attraction devices (floral fragrances) of some Brazilian orchids, Arkivoc, 2004, 6, 89-97. [all data]

Flamini, Luigi Cioni, et al., 2003
Flamini, G.; Luigi Cioni, P.; Morelli, I., Short communication. Use of solid-phase micro-extraction as a sampling technique in the determination of volatiles emitted by flowers, isolated flower parts and pollen, J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 998, 1-2, 229-233, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00641-1 . [all data]

Karagül-Yüceer, Vlahovich, et al., 2003
Karagül-Yüceer, Y.; Vlahovich, K.N.; Drake, M.A.; Cadwallader, K.R., Characteristic aroma components of rennet casein, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 23, 6797-6801, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0345806 . [all data]

Sun and Stremple, 2003
Sun, G.; Stremple, P., Retention index characterization of flavor, fragrance, and many other compounds on DB-1 and DB-XLB, 2003, retrieved from http://www.chem.agilent.com/cag/cabu/pdf/b-0279.pdf. [all data]

Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2003
Verzera, A.; Trozzi, A.; Gazea, F.; Cicciarelloi, G.; Cotroneo, A., Effects of rootstock on the composition of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) essential oil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 1, 206-210, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0206872 . [all data]

Kim, 2001
Kim, J.S., Einfluss der Temperatur beim Rösten von Sesam auf Aroma und antioxidative Eigenschaften des Öls, PhD Thesis, Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades, Berlin, 2001, 151. [all data]

Nogueira, Bittrich, et al., 2001
Nogueira, P.C.L.; Bittrich, V.; Shepherd, G.J.; Lopes, A.V.; Marsaioli, A.J., The ecological and taxonomic importance of flower volatiles of Clusia species (Guttiferae), Phytochemistry, 2001, 56, 5, 443-452, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00213-2 . [all data]

Li, Wang, et al., 1998
Li, W.; Wang, H.; Sun, Y.; Huang, A.; Sun, Y., Capillary gas chromatographic analysis of volatile components in goat feces, Fenxi Huaxue, 1998, 26, 8, 935-939. [all data]

Nogueira, Marsaioli, et al., 1998
Nogueira, P.C.L.; Marsaioli, A.J.; Amaral, M.C.E.; Bittrich, V., The fragrant floral oils of Tovomita species, Phytochemistry, 1998, 49, 4, 1009-1012, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01046-7 . [all data]

Moio L., Rillo L., et al., 1996
Moio L.; Rillo L.; Ledda A.; Addeo F., Odorous constituents of ovine milk in relationship to diet, J. Dairy Sci., 1996, 79, 8, 1322-1331, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76488-3 . [all data]

Stashenko, Prada, et al., 1996
Stashenko, E.E.; Prada, N.Q.; Martínez, J.R., HRGC/FID/NP and HRGC/MSD study of Colombian Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata) oils obtained by different extraction techniques, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1996, 19, 6, 353-358, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190609 . [all data]

de Frutos, Sanz, et al., 1991
de Frutos, M.; Sanz, J.; Martinez-Castro, I., Characterization of artisanal cheeses by GC and GC/MS analysis of their medium volatility (SDE) fraction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 3, 524-530, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00003a019 . [all data]

Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C., Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8 . [all data]

Rostad and Pereira, 1986
Rostad, C.E.; Pereira, W.E., Kovats and Lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 6, 328-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090603 . [all data]

Place, Imhof, et al., 2003
Place, R.B.; Imhof, M.; Teuber, M.; Olivier Bosset, J., Distribution of the volatile (flavour) compounds in Raclette cheese produced with different staphylococci in the smear, Mitt. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg., 2003, 94, 192-211. [all data]

Jezussek, Juliano, et al., 2002
Jezussek, M.; Juliano, B.O.; Schieberle, P., Comparison of key aroma compounds in cooked brown rice varieties based on aroma extract dilution analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 5, 1101-1105, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0108720 . [all data]

Rychlik and Bosset, 2001
Rychlik, M.; Bosset, J.O., Flavour and off-flavour compoundsof SwissGruy ere cheese. Evaluation of potent odorants, Int. Dairy J., 2001, 11, 11-12, 895-901, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00108-X . [all data]

Chung, Fung, et al., 2005
Chung, H.Y.; Fung, P.K.; Kim, J.-S., Aroma impact components in commercial plain sufu, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 5, 1684-1691, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048617d . [all data]

Chung, Yung, et al., 2002
Chung, H.-Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Ma, W.C.J.; Kim, J.-S., Analysis of volatile components in frozen and dried scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Food Res. Int., 2002, 35, 1, 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00107-7 . [all data]

Chung, Yung, et al., 2001
Chung, H.Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Kim, J.-S., Comparison of volatile components in dried scallops (Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis) prepared by boiling and steaming methods, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 1, 192-202, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000692a . [all data]

Chung, 2000
Chung, H.Y., Volatile flavor components in red fermented soybean (Glycine max) curds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 5, 1803-1809, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991272s . [all data]

Christensen, Jakobsen, et al., 1999
Christensen, L.P.; Jakobsen, H.B.; Paulsen, E.; Hodal, L.; Andersen, K.E., Airborne compositae dermatitis: monoterpenes and no parthenolide are released from flowering Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) plants, Arch. Dermatol. Res., 1999, 291, 7-8, 425-431, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004030050433 . [all data]

Chung, 1999
Chung, H.Y., Volatile components in crabmeats of Charybdis feriatus, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 6, 2280-2287, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981027t . [all data]

Chung, 1999, 2
Chung, H.Y., Volatile components in fermented soybean (Glycine max) curds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 7, 2690-2696, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981166a . [all data]

Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 1995
Shimoda, M.; Shigematsu, H.; Shiratsuchi, H.; Osajima, Y., Comparison of volatile compounds among different grades of green tea and their relations to odor attributes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 6, 1621-1625, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00054a038 . [all data]

Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1994
Shiratsuchi, H.; Shimoda, M.; Imayoshi, K.; Noda, K.; Osajima, Y., Off-flavor compounds in spray-dried skim milk powder, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 6, 1323-1327, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00042a014 . [all data]

Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1994, 2
Shiratsuchi, H.; Shimoda, M.; Imayoshi, K.; Noda, K.; Osajima, Y., Volatile flavor compounds in spray-dried skim milk powder, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 4, 984-988, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00040a028 . [all data]

Chung and Cadwallader, 1993
Chung, H.Y.; Cadwallader, K.R., Volatile components in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat and processing by-product, J. Food Sci., 1993, 58, 6, 1203-1207, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06148.x . [all data]

Cantergiani, Brevard, et al., 2001
Cantergiani, E.; Brevard, H.; Krebs, Y.; Feria-Morales, A.; Amadò, R.; Yeretzian, C., Characterisation of the aroma of green Mexican coffee and identification of mouldy/earthy defect, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2001, 212, 6, 648-657, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170100305 . [all data]

Yasuhara, 1987
Yasuhara, A., Identification of Volatile Compounds in Poultry Manure by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 387, 371-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94539-X . [all data]

Fanaro, Duarte, et al., 2012
Fanaro, G.B.; Duarte, R.C.; Santillo, A.G.; Pinto e Silva, M.E.M.; Purgatto, E.; Villavicento, A.L.C.H., Evaluation of γ-radiation on oolong tea odor volatiles, Radiation Phys. Chem., 2012, 81, 8, 1152-1156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.11.061 . [all data]

Goeminne, Vandendriessche, et al., 2012
Goeminne, P.C.; Vandendriessche, T.; Van Eldere, J.; Nicolai, B.M.; Hertog, M.L.; Dupont, L.J., Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum headspace through volatile organic compound analysis, Respiratory Res., 2012, 13, 87, 1-9. [all data]

Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012
Kotowska, U.; Zalikowski, M.; Isidorov, V.A., HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from municipal sewage sludge, Environ. Monit. Asses., 2012, 184, 5, 2893-2907, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2158-8 . [all data]

Nawrath, Mgode, et al., 2012
Nawrath, T.; Mgode, G.F.; Weetjens, B.; Kaufmann, S.H.E.; Schulz, S., The volatiles of pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria aand related bacteria, Beilstein J. Org. Chem., 2012, 8, 290-297, https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.31 . [all data]

Miyazawa, Marumoto, et al., 2011
Miyazawa, M.; Marumoto, S.; Kobayashi, T.; Yoshida, S.; Utsumi, Y., Determination of characteristic components in essential oils from Wisteria braphybotrys using gas chromatography - olfactometry incremental dilution technique, Rec. Nat. Prod., 2011, 5, 3, 221-227. [all data]

Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Blagojevic, P.; Palic, R., Comparative study of the leaf volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae), Molecules, 2010, 15, 9, 6168-6185, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168 . [all data]

Harrison and Priest, 2009
Harrison, B.M.; Priest, F.G., Composition of peaks used in the preparation of malt for Scotch Whisky production - influence of geographical source and extraction depth, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 6, 2385-2391, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf803556y . [all data]

Kim and Chung, 2009
Kim, J.-S.; Chung, H.Y., GC-MS analysis of the volatile components in dried boxthorn (Lycium chimensis) Fruit, J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem., 2009, 52, 5, 516-524, https://doi.org/10.3839/jksabc.2009.088 . [all data]

Risticevic, Carasek, et al., 2008
Risticevic, S.; Carasek, E.; Pawliszyn, J., Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic-time-of-flight mass spectrometric methodology for geographical origin verification of coffee, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2008, 617, 1-2, 72-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.009 . [all data]

Edris, Chizzola, et al., 2007
Edris, A.E.; Chizzola, R.; Franz, C., Isolation and characterization of the volatile aroma compounds from the concrete headspace and the absolute of Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. (Oleaceae) flowers grown in Egypt, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2007, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-007-0623-y . [all data]

Füssel, Dötterl, et al., 2007
Füssel, U.; Dötterl, S.; Jürgens, A.; Aas, G., Inter- and intraspecific variation in floral scent in the genus Salix and its implication for pollination, J. Chem. Ecol., 2007, 33, 4, 749-765, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-007-9257-6 . [all data]

Tava, Pecetti, et al., 2007
Tava, A.; Pecetti, L.; Ricci, M.; Pagnotta, M.A.; Russi, L., Volatile compounds from leaves and flowers of Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirt. (Fabaceae) from Italy, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 5, 363-370, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1806 . [all data]

Bertrand, Comte, et al., 2006
Bertrand, C.; Comte, G.; Piola, F., Solid-phase microextraction of volatile compounds from flowers of two Brunfelsia species, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2006, 34, 5, 371-375, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2005.12.005 . [all data]

Fons, Rapior, et al., 2006
Fons, F.; Rapior, S.; Fruchier, A., Volatile composition of Clitocybe amoenolens, Tricholoma caligatum and Hebeloma radicosum, Cryptogamie, Mycologie, 2006, 27, 1, 45-55. [all data]

Li, Lee, et al., 2006
Li, Z.-G.; Lee, M.-R.; Shen, D.-L., Analysis of volatile compounds emitted from fresh Syringa oblata flowers in different florescence by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta., 2006, 576, 1, 43-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.074 . [all data]

Morteza-Semnani, Saeedi, et al., 2006
Morteza-Semnani, K.; Saeedi, M.; Akbarsadeh, M.; Moshiri, K., The essential oil composition of Onosma microcarpum DC., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 2, 314-316, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1597 . [all data]

Pino, Marquez, et al., 2006
Pino, J.A.; Marquez, E.; Marbot, R., Volatile constituents from tea of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), Rev. CENIC Ciencias Quimicas, 2006, 37, 3, 127-129. [all data]

Rout, Naik, et al., 2006
Rout, P.K.; Naik, S.N.; Rao, Y.R., Composition of the concrete, absolute, headspace and essential oil of the flowers of Michelia champaca Linn., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 6, 906-911, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1742 . [all data]

Senatore, Landolfi, et al., 2006
Senatore, F.; Landolfi, S.; Celik, S.; Bruno, M., Volatile components of Centaurea calcitrapa L. and Centaurea sphaerocephala L. ssp. sphaerocephala, two Asteraceae growing wild in Sicily, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 2, 282-285, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1585 . [all data]

Valette, Fernandez, et al., 2006
Valette, L.; Fernandez, X.; Poulain, S.; Lizzani-Cuvelier, L.; Loiseau, A.-M., Chemical composition of the volatile extracts from Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis 'Romanesco' cauliflower seeds, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 107-110, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1530 . [all data]

Bendimerad and Bendiab, 2005
Bendimerad, N.; Bendiab, S.A.T., Composition and antibacterial activity of Pseudocytisus integrifolius (Salisb.) essential oil from Algeria, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 8, 2947-2952, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf047937u . [all data]

Dohou, Yamni, et al., 2005
Dohou, N.; Yamni, K.; Badoc, A.; Tahrouch, S.; Idrissi Hassani, L.M.; Bessière, J.-M., Composés volatils de Thymelaea lythroides, endémique, ibéro-marocaine, Bull. Soc. Pharm. Bordeaux, 2005, 144, 63-70. [all data]

Dötterl and Jürgens, 2005
Dötterl, S.; Jürgens, A., Spatial fragrance patterns in flowers of Silene latifolia: Lilac compounds as olfactory nectar guides?, Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2005, 255, 1-2, 99-109, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-005-0344-2 . [all data]

Dötterl, Wolfe, et al., 2005
Dötterl, S.; Wolfe, L.M.; Jürgens, A., Qualitative and quantitative analyses of flower scent in Silene latifolia, Phytochemistry, 2005, 66, 2, 203-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.12.002 . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2005
Leffingwell, J.C.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of Perique tobacco, Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 4, 2, 899-915. [all data]

Miyazawa, Nishiguchi, et al., 2005
Miyazawa, M.; Nishiguchi, T.; Yamafuji, C., Volatile components of the leaves of Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis Bailey, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 2, 158-160, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1335 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of genipap (Genipa americana L.) fruit from Cuba, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 6, 583-586, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1491 . [all data]

Senatore, Apostolides Arnold, et al., 2005
Senatore, F.; Apostolides Arnold, N.; Bruno, M., Volatile components of Centaurea eryngioides Lam. and Centaurea liberica Trev. var. hermonis Boiss. Lam., two Asteraceae growing wild in Lebanon, Nat. Prod. Res., 2005, 19, 8, 749-754, https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410412331302136 . [all data]

Jürgens and Dötterl, 2004
Jürgens, A.; Dötterl, S., Chemical composition of anther volatiles in Ranunculaceae: genera-specific profiles in Aemone, Aquilegia, Caltha, Pulsatilla, Ranunculus, and Trollius species, American Journal of Botany, 2004, 91, 12, 1969-1980, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.12.1969 . [all data]

Robledo and Arzuffi, 2004
Robledo, N.; Arzuffi, R., Identificacion de los compuestos volatiles de papaya y cuaguayote mediante microextraccion en fase solida, cromatografia de gases y espectrometria de masas, Rev. Latinoamericana Quim., 2004, 32, 1, 30-36. [all data]

Perez-Alonso, Velasco-Negueruela, et al., 2003
Perez-Alonso, M.J.; Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Palá-Paúl, J.; Sanz, J., Variations in the essential oil composition of Artemisia pedemontana gathered in Spain: chemotype camphor-1,8-cineole and chemotype davanone, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2003, 31, 1, 77-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00082-0 . [all data]

Valette, Fernandez, et al., 2003
Valette, L.; Fernandez, X.; Poulain, S.; Loiseau, A.-M.; Lizzani-Cuvelier, L.; Levieil, R.; Restier, L., Volatile constituents from Romanesco cauliflower, Food Chem., 2003, 80, 3, 353-358, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00272-8 . [all data]

Diaz and Kite, 2002
Diaz, A.; Kite, G.C., A comparison of the pollination ecology of Arum maculatum and A. italicum in England, Watsonia, 2002, 24, 171-181. [all data]

Kobaisy, Tellez, et al., 2002
Kobaisy, M.; Tellez, M.R.; Dayan, F.E.; Duke, S.O., Phytotoxicity and volatile constituents from leaves of Callicarpa japonica Thunb., Phytochemistry, 2002, 61, 1, 37-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00207-8 . [all data]

Tellez, Khan, et al., 2002
Tellez, M.R.; Khan, I.A.; Kobaisy, M.; Schrader, K.K.; Dayan, F.E.; Osbrink, W., Composition of the essential oil of Lepidium meyenii (Walp.), Phytochemistry, 2002, 61, 2, 149-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00208-X . [all data]

Fernando and Grün, 2001
Fernando, L.N.; Grün, I.U., Headspace-SPME analysis of volatiles of the ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) flowers, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 4, 289-293, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.999 . [all data]

Kelling, 2001
Kelling, F.J., Olfaction in houseflies: morphology and electrophysiology. Chapter 7. Chemical and electrophysiological analysis of components, present in natural products that attract houseflies, Dissertation, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, 2001. [all data]

Tellez, Canel, et al., 1999
Tellez, M.R.; Canel, C.; Rimando, A.M.; Duke, S.O., Differential accumulation of isoprenoids in glanded and glandless Artemisia annua L, Phytochemistry, 1999, 52, 6, 1035-1040, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00308-8 . [all data]

El-Sakhawy, El-Tantawy, et al., 1998
El-Sakhawy, F.S.; El-Tantawy, M.E.; Ross, S.A.; El-Sohly, M.A., Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Murraya exotica L., Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 1, 59-62, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199801/02)13:1<59::AID-FFJ693>3.0.CO;2-L . [all data]

Boatright and Crum, 1997
Boatright, W.L.; Crum, A.D., Nonpolar-volatile lipids from soy protein isolates and hexane-defatted flakes, J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 1997, 74, 4, 461-467, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-997-0107-z . [all data]

Egolf and Jurs, 1993
Egolf, L.M.; Jurs, P.C., Quantitative structure-retention and structure-odor intensity relationships for a diverse group of odor-active compounds, Anal. Chem., 1993, 65, 21, 3119-3126, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00069a027 . [all data]

Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993
Moio, L.; Dekimpe, J.; Etievant, P.; Addeo, F., Neutral volatile compounds in the raw milks from different species, J. Dairy Res., 1993, 60, 2, 199-213, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029900027515 . [all data]

Moio, Langlois, et al., 1993
Moio, L.; Langlois, D.; Etievant, P.; Addeo, F., Powerful odorants in bovine, ovine, caprine and water buffalo milk determined by means of gas chromatography-olfactometry, J. Dairy Res., 1993, 60, 02, 215-222, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029900027527 . [all data]

Bur'yan and Nabivach, 1992
Bur'yan, P.; Nabivach, V.M., Investigation of composition of higher heterocnitrogen bases of brown coal tar, Coke Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1992, 5, 29-33. [all data]

Okumura, 1991
Okumura, T., retention indices of environmental chemicals on methyl silicone capillary column, Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Japan), 1991, 1, 2, 333-358, https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.1.333 . [all data]

Buttery, Takeoka, et al., 1990
Buttery, R.G.; Takeoka, G.; Teranishi, R.; Ling, L.C., Tomato aroma components: identification of glycoside hydrolysis volatiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 11, 2050-2053, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00101a010 . [all data]

Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990
Spadone, J.-C.; Takeoka, G.; Liardon, R., Analytical Investigation of Rio Off-Flavor in Green Coffee, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 1, 226-233, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00091a050 . [all data]

Wu, Zhao, et al., 1987
Wu, C.; Zhao, D.; Sun, S.; Ma, Y.; Wang, Q.; Lu, S., The minor chemical components of the absolute oil from the flower, Acta botanica Sinica, 1987, 29, 6, 636-642. [all data]

Flath, Mon, et al., 1983
Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Lorenz, G.; Whitten, C.J.; Mackley, J.W., Volatile components of Acacia sp. blossoms, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1983, 31, 6, 1167-1170, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00120a008 . [all data]

Mancini, Arnold, et al., 2009
Mancini, E.; Arnold, N.A.; De Martino, L.; De Feo, V.; Formisano, C.; Rigano, D.; Senatore, F., Chemical composition and phytotoxic effects of essential oils of Salvia hierosolymitana Boiss. and Salvia multicaulis Vahl. var. simplicifolia Boiss. growing wild in Lebanon, Molecules, 2009, 14, 11, 4725-4736, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14114725 . [all data]

Mendes, Trindade, et al., 2009
Mendes, M.D.; Trindade, H.; Figueiredo, A.C.; Pedro, L.G.; Barroso, J.G., Chaerophyllum azoricun Trel. grown in the Azores archipelago, Portugal: evaluation of the genetic diversity using molecular markers and comparison with volatile oils profiles, Flavour Fragr. J., 2009, 24, 5, 259-265, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1939 . [all data]

Mendes, Trindade, et al., 2009, 2
Mendes, M.D.; Trindade, H.; Figueiredo, A.C.; Barroso, J.G.; Fontinha, S.S.; Pedro, L.G., Volatile and molecular characterization of two Portuguese endemic species: Angelica lignescens and Melanoselinium decipiens, Biochen. Systematics Ecol., 2009, 37, 2, 98-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2008.12.006 . [all data]

Profitt, Schatz, et al., 2008
Profitt, M.; Schatz, B.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Chen, C.; Soler, C.; Hossaert-McKey, M., Signalling receptivity: comparison of the emission of volatile compounds by figs of Ficus hispida before, during and after the phase of receptivity to pollinators, Symbiosis, 2008, 45, 1-10. [all data]

Zhu, Li, et al., 2008
Zhu, M.; Li, E.; He, H., Determination of volatile chemical constitutes in tea by simultaneous distillation extraction, vacuum hydrodistillation and thermal desrption, Chromatographia, 2008, 68, 7/8, 603-610, https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-008-0732-1 . [all data]

Chuang, Lee, et al., 2007
Chuang, P.-H.; Lee, C.-W.; Chou, J.-Y.; Murugan, M.; Shieh, B.-J.; Chen, H.-M., Anti-fungal activity of crude extracts and essential oil of Moringa oleifera Lam, Bioresource Technol., 2007, 98, 1, 232-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.11.003 . [all data]

Liu, Xu, et al., 2007
Liu, Y.; Xu, X.-L.; Zhou, G.-H., Comparative study of volatile compounds in traditional Chinese Nanjing marinated duck by different extraction techniques, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2007, 42, 5, 543-550, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01264.x . [all data]

Meekijjaroenroj, Bessière, et al., 2007
Meekijjaroenroj, A.; Bessière, J.-M.; Anstett, M.-C., Chemistry of floral scents in four Licuala species (Arecaceae), Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 4, 300-310, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1797 . [all data]

Proffit, 2007
Proffit, M., Mediation chimique et structuration des communautes d'hymenopteres parasites du mutualisme figuier / pollinisateur (These pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l'Universite Montpellier II) (Dissertation), 2007. [all data]

Senatore, Apostolides Arnold, et al., 2006
Senatore, F.; Apostolides Arnold, N.; Piozzi, F.; Formisano, C., Chemical composition of the essential oil of Salvia microstegia Boiss. et Balansa growing wild in Lebanon, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1108, 2, 276-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.066 . [all data]

Xie, Sun, et al., 2006
Xie, J.; Sun, B.; Yu, M., Constituents of top fragrance from fresh flowers of Robinia Pseudoacacia L. occurring in China, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 5, 798-800, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1720 . [all data]

Belhattab, Larous, et al., 2005
Belhattab, R.; Larous, L.; Figueiredo, A.C.; Santos, P.A.G.; Barroso, J.G.; Pedro, L.G., Origanum glandulosum Desf. grown wild in Algeria: essential oil composition and glycosidic bound volatiles, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 2, 209-212, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1387 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005, 2
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of Malay rose apple [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. Perry], Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 98-100. [all data]

Buettner, 2004
Buettner, A., Investigation of potent odorants and afterodor development in two chardonnay wines using the Buccal Odor Screening System (BOSS), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 8, 2339-2346, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035322b . [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 2003
Begnaud, F.; Pérès, C.; Berdagué, J.-L., Characterization of volatile effluents of livestock buildings by solid-phase microextraction, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 2003, 83, 10, 837-849, https://doi.org/10.1080/03067310310001603349 . [all data]

Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003
Machiels, D.; van Ruth, S.M.; Posthumus, M.A.; Istasse, L., Gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis of the volatile compounds of two commercial Irish beef meats, Talanta, 2003, 60, 4, 755-764, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00133-4 . [all data]

Young, Lane, et al., 2003
Young, O.A.; Lane, G.A.; Priolo, A.; Fraser, K., Pastoral and species flavour in lambs raised on pasture, lucerne or maize, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2003, 83, 2, 93-104, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1282 . [all data]

Counet, Callemien, et al., 2002
Counet, C.; Callemien, D.; Ouwerx, C.; Collin, S., Use of gas chromatography-olfactometry to identify key odorant compounds in dark chocolate. Comparison of samples before and after conching, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 8, 2385-2391, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0114177 . [all data]

Ansorena, Gimeno, et al., 2001
Ansorena, D.; Gimeno, O.; Astiasarán, I.; Bello, J., Analysis of volatile compounds by GC-MS of a dry fermented sausage: chorizo de Pamplona, Food Res. Int., 2001, 34, 1, 67-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00133-2 . [all data]

Guyot, Scheirman, et al., 1999
Guyot, C.; Scheirman, V.; Collin, S., Floral origin markers of heather honeys: Calluna vulgaris and Erica arborea, Food Chem., 1999, 64, 1, 3-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00122-8 . [all data]

Young and Baumeister, 1999
Young, O.A.; Baumeister, B.M.B., The effect of diet on the flavour of cooked beef and the odour compounds in beef fat, N.Z. J. Agric. Res., 1999, 42, 3, 297-304, https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1999.9513379 . [all data]

Schieberle, 1996
Schieberle, P., Odour-active compounds in moderately roasted sesame, Food Chem., 1996, 55, 2, 145-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(95)00095-X . [all data]

Kawai, Ishida, et al., 1991
Kawai, T.; Ishida, Y.; Kakiuchi, H.; Ikeda, N.; Higashida, T.; Nakamura, S., Flavor components of dried squid, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 4, 770-777, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00004a031 . [all data]

Shibamoto, 1987
Shibamoto, T., Retention Indices in Essential Oil Analysis in Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis, Sandra, P.; Bicchi, C., ed(s)., Hutchig Verlag, Heidelberg, New York, 1987, 259-274. [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Ardrey and Moffat, 1981
Ardrey, R.E.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 1318 substances of toxicological interest on SE-30 or OV-1 stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 1981, 220, 3, 195-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81925-1 . [all data]

Miyazawa, Fujita, et al., 2010
Miyazawa, N.; Fujita, A.; Kubota, K., Aroma character impact compounds in Kinokuni Mandarin Orange (Citrus kinikuni) compared with Satsuma Mandarin Orange, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2010, 74, 4, 835-842, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.90937 . [all data]

Kaypak and Avsar, 2008
Kaypak, D.; Avsar, Y.K., Volatile and odor-active compounds of tuzlu yoghurt, Asian J. Chem., 2008, 20, 5, 3641-3648. [all data]

Nebesny, Budryn, et al., 2007
Nebesny, E.; Budryn, G.; Kula, J.; Majda, T., The effect of roasting method on headspace composition of robusta coffee bean aroma, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2007, 225, 1, 9-19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0375-0 . [all data]

Kishimoto, Wanikawa, et al., 2006
Kishimoto, T.; Wanikawa, A.; Kono, K.; Shibata, K., Comparison of the Odor-Active Compounds in Unhopped Beer and Beers Hopped with Different Hop Varieties, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 23, 8855-8861, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061342c . [all data]

Joichi, Yomogida, et al., 2005
Joichi, A.; Yomogida, K.; Awano, K.; Ueda, Y., Volatile components of tea-scented modern roses and ancient Chinese roses, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 2, 152-157, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1388 . [all data]

Ito, Sugimoto, et al., 2002
Ito, Y.; Sugimoto, A.; Kakuda, T.; Kubota, K., Identification of potent odorants in Chinese jasmine green tea scented with flowers of Jasminum sambac, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 17, 4878-4884, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020282h . [all data]

Kumazawa and Masuda, 2002
Kumazawa, K.; Masuda, H., Identification of potent odorants in different green tea varieties using flavor dilution technique, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 20, 5660-5663, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020498j . [all data]

Miyazawa, Maehara, et al., 2002
Miyazawa, M.; Maehara, T.; Kurose, K., Composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Eruca sativa, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 3, 187-190, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1079 . [all data]

Kumazawa and Masuda, 2001
Kumazawa, K.; Masuda, H., Change in the flavor of black tea drink during heat processing, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 7, 3304-3309, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001323h . [all data]

Hirose, Joichi, et al., 1999
Hirose, S.; Joichi, A.; Nakamura, S.; Awano, K., Volatile components of musky scent of orchids, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 3, 183-184, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199905/06)14:3<183::AID-FFJ804>3.0.CO;2-S . [all data]

Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999
Iwatsuki, K.; Mizota, Y.; Kubota, T.; Nishimura, O.; Masuda, H.; Sotoyama, K.; Tomita, M., Aroma extract dilution analysis. Evluation of aroma of pasteurized and UHT processed milk by aroma extract dilution analysis, Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 1999, 46, 9, 587-597, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.46.587 . [all data]

Kumazawa and Masuda, 1999
Kumazawa, K.; Masuda, H., Identification of potent odorants in Japanese green tea (Sen-cha), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 12, 5169-5172, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9906782 . [all data]

Awano, Ichikawa, et al., 1997
Awano, K.; Ichikawa, Y.; Tokuda, K.; Kuraoka, M., Volatile components of the flowers of two Calanthe species, Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 5, 327-330, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199709/10)12:5<327::AID-FFJ661>3.0.CO;2-M . [all data]

Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996
Shuichi, H.; Masazumi, N.; Hiromu, K.; Kiyoshi, F., Comparison of volatile compounds berween the crude drugs, Onji-tsutsu and Onji-niki, Nippon nogei kagaku kaishi, 1996, 70, 2, 151-160. [all data]

Kubota, Nakamoto, et al., 1991
Kubota, K.; Nakamoto, A.; Moriguchi, M.; Kobayashi, A.; Ishii, H., Formation of pyrrolidino[1,2-e]-4H-2,4-dimethyl-1,3,5-dithiazine in the volatiles of boiled short-necked clam, clam, and corbicula, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 6, 1127-1130, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00006a027 . [all data]

Kaprasob, Laohankunjit, et al., 2011
Kaprasob, R.; Laohankunjit, N.; Kerdchoechuen, O., Volatile compounds and bionutrient of sesame meal protein hydrolysate by flavourzyme, Agricultural Sci; J., 2011, 42, 2, 421-424. [all data]

Noorizadeh, Farmany, et al., 2011
Noorizadeh, H.; Farmany, A.; Noorizadeh, M., Quantitative structure-retention relationships analysis of retention index of essential oils, Quim. Nova, 2011, 34, 2, 242-249, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422011000200014 . [all data]

Harraca, Syed, et al., 2009
Harraca, V.; Syed, Z.; Guerin, P.M., Olfactory and behavioural responces of tsetse flies, Glossina spp., to rumen metabolites, J. Comp. Physiol. A, 2009, 195, 9, 815-824, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-009-0459-y . [all data]

Vassilaros, Kong, et al., 1982
Vassilaros, D.L.; Kong, R.C.; Later, D.W.; Lee, M.L., Linear retention index system for polycyclic aromatic compounds. Critical evaluation and additional indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 252, 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88394-1 . [all data]

Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979
Lee, M.L.; Vassilaros, D.L.; White, C.M.; Novotny, M., Retention Indices for Programmed-Temperature Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem., 1979, 51, 6, 768-773, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50042a043 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  ΔcH°solid	Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°solid	Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔsubH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.