1,3-Cyclohexadiene-1-carboxaldehyde, 2,6,6-trimethyl-

Formula: C₁₀H₁₄O
Molecular weight: 150.2176
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H14O/c1-8-5-4-6-10(2,3)9(8)7-11/h4-5,7H,6H2,1-3H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: SGAWOGXMMPSZPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 116-26-7
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: Safranal; 2,6,6-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxaldehyde; 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dienecarbaldehyde; 2,6,6-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carbaldehyde; β-Safranal; 2,3-dihydro-2,2,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde
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Other data available:
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
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Gas Chromatography

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5	1201.	Nickavar, Salehi-Sormagi, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 275. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Petro	1173.	Pang T., Zhu S., et al., 2007	50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 270. C
Capillary	DB-Petro	1173.	Pang T., Zhu S., et al., 2007	50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 270. C
Capillary	HP-5MS	1178.	Pavlovic, Kovacevic, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	HP-5MS	1197.	Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	HP-5	1206.	Xian Q., Chen H., et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	HP-5MS	1205.	Zhao C.X., Li, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	HP-5	1201.	Javidnia, Miri, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	HP-5	1201.	Ceccarini, Macchia, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	SPB-5	1192.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	HP-5	1201.	Dural, Bagci, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-5	1201.	Ertugrul, Dural, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-5	1202.	Flamini, Cioni, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-1	1181.	Lee, DeMilo, et al., 1997	60. m/0.248 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-1	1181.	Lee, DeMilo, et al., 1997	60. m/0.248 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5MS	1207.6	Andriamaharavo, 2014	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C (1 min) => 5 C/min => 210C => 10 C/min => 280C (15 min)
Capillary	BPX-5	1218.	Cardeal, da Silva, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(5min) => 3C/min => 210C => 40C/min => 240C (4min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Optima-5	1199.	Al-Qudah, Muhaidat, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 246. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1196.	Fanaro, Duarte, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 0.5 min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 0.5 min
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1201.	Ogunwande, Flamini, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1205.	Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1203.	Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1174.	Zhao, Zeng, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	RTX-1	1180.	Paolini, Tomi, et al., 2008	60. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 35. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1197.	Sarikurkcu, Tepe, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	HP-5MS	1189.	Ferhat, Tigrine-Kordjani, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 8. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
Capillary	HP-5	1198.	Kucuk, Gulec, et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 260. C @ 13. min
Capillary	DB-5	1201.	Senatore, Landolfi, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 20. min
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1189.	Tigrine-Kordiani, Meklati, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 8. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
Capillary	HP-1	1175.	Bendimerad and Bendiab, 2005	50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	HP-5	1201.0	Leffingwell and Alford, 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
Capillary	DB-5	1201.	Senatore, Apostolides Arnold, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 20. min
Capillary	HP-5	1198.	Yayli, Yasar, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 260. C @ 13. min
Capillary	HP-1	1172.	Valette, Fernandez, et al., 2003	50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 40. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	DB-5	1207.	Schwob, Bessière, et al., 2002	He, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	Optima-1	1177.	Brun, Bessière, et al., 2001	25. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-5	1212.	Georgilopoulos and Gallois, 1988	30. m/0.35 mm/1.0 μm, Hydrogen, 2. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-1	1173.	Habu, Flath, et al., 1985	3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 0. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-1	1171.	Habu, Flath, et al., 1985	3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	TR-5 MS	1189.	Kurashov, Mitrukova, et al., 2014	15. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 80 0C (3 min) 4 0C/min -> 120 0C (3 min) 5 0C/min -> 150 0C (3 min) 15 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min)
Capillary	TR-5 MS	1203.	Kurashov, Krylova, et al., 2013	15. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 80 0C (3 min) 4 0C/min -> 120 0C (3 min) 5 0C/min -> 150 0C (3 mion) 15 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min)
Capillary	SLB-5 MS	1201.	Mondello, 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SLB-5 MS	1207.	Mondello, 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups	1196.	Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012	Program: not specified
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups	1214.	Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1197.	Mancini, Arnold, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 2 0C/min -> 270 0C -> 260 0C (20 min)
Capillary	DB-5 MS	1175.	Zhu, Li, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (2.8 min) 5.5 0C/min -> 140 0C (1 min) 4.5 oC/min -> 220 0C -> 225 0C (2 min) 3.4 0C/min -> 265 0C (5 min)
Capillary	DB-5 MS	1198.	Zhu, Li, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (2.8 min) 5.5 0C/min -> 140 0C (1 min) 4.5 oC/min -> 220 0C -> 225 0C (2 min) 3.4 0C/min -> 265 0C (5 min)
Capillary	DB-5	1197.	Nivinsliene, Butkiene, et al., 2007	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (1 min) 5 0C/min -> 160 0C 10 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	BPX-5	1164.	Baris, Güllüce, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 150C(10min) => 10C/min => 250C
Capillary	HP-5	1201.	Kucuk, Gulec, et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-30	1167.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxanes	1167.	Zenkevich, 1997	Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Innowax	1648.	Kaypak and Avsar, 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
Capillary	Carbowax	1617.	Ferhat, Tigrine-Kordjani, et al., 2007	60. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 8. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
Capillary	Carbowax-PEG	1617.	Tigrine-Kordiani, Meklati, et al., 2006	60. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 8. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
Capillary	Innowax	1614.	Bendimerad and Bendiab, 2005	50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1596.	Kawakami, Ganguly, et al., 1995	60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1596.	Kawakami, Kobayashi, et al., 1993	He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1596.	Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991	He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 180. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP Innowax	1597.	Mancini, Arnold, et al., 2009	50. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 2 0C/min -> 270 0C -> 260 0C (20 min)
Capillary	CP-Wax 52 CB	1622.	Kaack and Christensen, 2008	50. m/0.25 mm/0.29 μm, Helium; Program: 33 0C (1 min) 2 0C/min -> 130 0C 10 0C/min -> 220 0C
Capillary	Supelcowax 10	1642.	Castioni and Kapetanidis, 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (10 min) 2 0C/min -> 80 0C 3 0C/min -> 100 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (30 min)

References

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Nickavar, Salehi-Sormagi, et al., 2002
Nickavar, B.; Salehi-Sormagi, M.H.; Amin, Gh.; Daneshtalab, M., Steam volatiles of Vaccinium arctostaphylos, Pharm. Biol., 2002, 40, 6, 448-449, https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.40.6.448.8449 . [all data]

Pang T., Zhu S., et al., 2007
Pang T.; Zhu S.; Lu X.; Xu G., Identification of unknown compounds on the basis of retention index data in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 30, 6, 868-874, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600471 . [all data]

Pavlovic, Kovacevic, et al., 2006
Pavlovic, M.; Kovacevic, N.; Tzakou, O.; Couladis, M., Essential oil composition of Anthemis triumfetti (L.) DC., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 2, 297-299, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1592 . [all data]

Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006
Saroglou, V.; Dorizas, N.; Kypriotakis, Z.; Skaltsa, H.D., Analysis of the essential oil composition of eight Anthemis species from Greece, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1104, 1-2, 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.087 . [all data]

Xian Q., Chen H., et al., 2006
Xian Q.; Chen H.; Zou H.; Yin D., Chemical composition of essential oils of two submerged macrophytes, Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Vallisneria spiralis L., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 524-526, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1588 . [all data]

Zhao C.X., Li, et al., 2006
Zhao C.X.; Li, X.N.; Liang Y.Z.; Fang H.Z.; Huang L.F.; Guo F.Q., Comparative analysis of chemical components of essential oils from different samples of Rhododendron with the help of chemometrics methods, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 2006, 82, 1-2, 218-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2005.08.008 . [all data]

Javidnia, Miri, et al., 2005
Javidnia, K.; Miri, R.; Kamalinejad, M.; Edraki, N., Chemical composition of Ferula persica Wild. essential oil from Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 6, 605-606, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1496 . [all data]

Ceccarini, Macchia, et al., 2004
Ceccarini, L.; Macchia, M.; Flamini, G.; Cioni, P.L.; Caponi, C.; Morelli, I., Essential oil composition of Helianthus annuus L. leaves and heads of two cultivated hybride Carlos and Florom 350, Ind. Crops Prod., 2004, 19, 1, 13-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(03)00076-1 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Vazquez, C., Volatile components of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) grown in Cuba, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2004, 16, 4, 318-320, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698731 . [all data]

Dural, Bagci, et al., 2003
Dural, H.; Bagci, Y.; Ertugrul, K.; Demirelma, H.; Flamini, G.; Cioni, P.L.; Morelli, I., Essential oil composition of two endemic Centaurea species from Turkey, Centaurea mucronifera and Centaurea chrysantha, collected in the same habitat, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2003, 31, 12, 1417-1425, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00128-5 . [all data]

Ertugrul, Dural, et al., 2003
Ertugrul, K.; Dural, H.; Tugay, O.; Flamini, G.; Cioni, P.L.; Morelli, I., Essential oils from flowers of Centaurea kotschyi var. kotschyi and C. kotschyi var. decumbens from Turkey, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 2, 95-97, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1168 . [all data]

Flamini, Cioni, et al., 2003
Flamini, G.; Cioni, P.L.; Morelli, I.; Ceccarini, L.; Andolfi, L.; Macchia, M., Composition of the essential oil of Medicago marina L. from the coastal dunes of Tuscany, Italy, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 5, 460-462, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1253 . [all data]

Lee, DeMilo, et al., 1997
Lee, C.-J.; DeMilo, A.B.; Moreno, D.S.; Mangan, R.L., Identification of the volatile components of E802 Mazoferm steepwater, a condensed fermented corn extractive highly attractive to the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 6, 2327-2331, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960632y . [all data]

Andriamaharavo, 2014
Andriamaharavo, N.R., Retention Data. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center., NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 2014. [all data]

Cardeal, da Silva, et al., 2006
Cardeal, Z.L.; da Silva, M.D.R.G.; Marriott, P.J., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of pepper volatiles, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2006, 20, 19, 2823-2836, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2665 . [all data]

Al-Qudah, Muhaidat, et al., 2012
Al-Qudah, M.A.; Muhaidat, R.; Trawenh, I.N.; Jaber, H.I.; Abu Zarga, M.H.; Abu Orabi, S.T., Volatile constituents of leaves and bulbs of Gynandriris Sisyrinchicum and their antimicrobial activities, Jordan J. Chem., 2012, 7, 3, 287-295. [all data]

Fanaro, Duarte, et al., 2012
Fanaro, G.B.; Duarte, R.C.; Santillo, A.G.; Pinto e Silva, M.E.M.; Purgatto, E.; Villavicento, A.L.C.H., Evaluation of γ-radiation on oolong tea odor volatiles, Radiation Phys. Chem., 2012, 81, 8, 1152-1156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.11.061 . [all data]

Ogunwande, Flamini, et al., 2010
Ogunwande, I.A.; Flamini, G.; Cioni, P.L.; Omikorede, O.; Azeez, R.A.; Ayodele, A.A.; Kamil, Y.O., Aromatic plants growing in Nigeria: essential oil constituents of Cassia alata (Linn.) Roxb. and Helianthus annuus L., Rec. Nat. Prod., 2010, 4, 4, 211-217. [all data]

Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Blagojevic, P.; Palic, R., Comparative study of the leaf volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae), Molecules, 2010, 15, 9, 6168-6185, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168 . [all data]

Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Dordevic, N.; Markovic, M.; Palic, R., Volatile constituents of Glechoma Hirsuta Waldst. Kit. and G. Hederacea L. (Lamiaceae), Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 2010, 24, 1, 67-76, https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v24i1.52962 . [all data]

Zhao, Zeng, et al., 2009
Zhao, C.; Zeng, Y.; Wan, M.; Li, R.; Liang, Y.; Li, C.; Zeng, Z.; Chau, F.-T., Comparative analysis of essential oils from eight herbal medicines with pungent flavor and cool nature by GC-MS and chemometric resolution methods, J. Sep. Sci., 2009, 32, 4, 660-670, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200800484 . [all data]

Paolini, Tomi, et al., 2008
Paolini, J.; Tomi, P.; Bernardini, A.-F.; Bradesi, P.; Casanova, J.; Kaloustian, J., Detailed analysis of the essential oil from Cistus albidus L. by combination of GC/RI, GC/MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, N.Z. J. Agric. Res., 2008, 22, 14, 1270-1278. [all data]

Sarikurkcu, Tepe, et al., 2008
Sarikurkcu, C.; Tepe, B.; Daferera, D.; Polissiou, M.; Harmandar, M., Studies on the anioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extract of Marrubium globosum subsp. globosum (lamiaceae) by three different chemical assays, Bioresource Technol., 2008, 99, 10, 4239-4246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.058 . [all data]

Ferhat, Tigrine-Kordjani, et al., 2007
Ferhat, M.A.; Tigrine-Kordjani, N.; Chemat, S.; Meklati, B.Y.; Chemat, F., Rapid Extraction of Volatile Compounds Using a New Simultaneous Microwave Distillation: Solvent Extraction Device, Chromatographia, 2007, 65, 3-4, 217-222, https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-006-0130-5 . [all data]

Kucuk, Gulec, et al., 2006
Kucuk, M.; Gulec, C.; Yasar, A.; Ucuncu, O.; Yayh, N.; Coskuncelebi, K.; Terzioglu, S.; Yayh, N., Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. chamaedrys, T. orientale var. puberulens, and T. chamaedrys subsp. lydium, Pharm. Biol., 2006, 44, 8, 592-599, https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200600896868 . [all data]

Senatore, Landolfi, et al., 2006
Senatore, F.; Landolfi, S.; Celik, S.; Bruno, M., Volatile components of Centaurea calcitrapa L. and Centaurea sphaerocephala L. ssp. sphaerocephala, two Asteraceae growing wild in Sicily, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 2, 282-285, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1585 . [all data]

Tigrine-Kordiani, Meklati, et al., 2006
Tigrine-Kordiani, N.; Meklati, B.Y.; Chemat, F., Abalysis by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry of the essential oil of Zygophyllum album L., an aromatic and medicinal plant growing in Algeria, Int. J. Aromatherapy, 2006, 16, 3-4, 187-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijat.2006.09.008 . [all data]

Bendimerad and Bendiab, 2005
Bendimerad, N.; Bendiab, S.A.T., Composition and antibacterial activity of Pseudocytisus integrifolius (Salisb.) essential oil from Algeria, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 8, 2947-2952, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf047937u . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2005
Leffingwell, J.C.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of Perique tobacco, Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 4, 2, 899-915. [all data]

Senatore, Apostolides Arnold, et al., 2005
Senatore, F.; Apostolides Arnold, N.; Bruno, M., Volatile components of Centaurea eryngioides Lam. and Centaurea liberica Trev. var. hermonis Boiss. Lam., two Asteraceae growing wild in Lebanon, Nat. Prod. Res., 2005, 19, 8, 749-754, https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410412331302136 . [all data]

Yayli, Yasar, et al., 2005
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Valette, Fernandez, et al., 2003
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Notes

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Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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