1-Tetradecanol
- Formula: C14H30O
- Molecular weight: 214.3874
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 112-72-1
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Species with the same structure:
- Other names: n-Tetradecan-1-ol; n-Tetradecanol; n-Tetradecyl alcohol; Alfol 14; Lanette K; Lanette Wax KS; Loxanol V; Myristic alcohol; Myristyl alcohol; Tetradecyl alcohol; n-Tetradecanol-1; 1-Hydroxytetradecane; Dytol R-52; Tetradecanol; Dehydag wax 14; Epal 14; Lanette 14; Lorol C14; Philcohol 1400; Tetradecanol-1; Tetradecan-1-ol; NSC 8549; Fatty alcohol (C14); 150138-88-8; 8032-14-2
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Options:
Data at NIST subscription sites:
NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.
Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -474.8 ± 2.6 | kJ/mol | Ccr | Steele, Chirico, et al., 1991 | ΔHfusion = 48.5±1.0 kcal/mol; ALS |
ΔfH°gas | -476.2 | kJ/mol | N/A | Mosselman and Dekker, 1975 | Value computed using ΔfHsolid° value of -629.6±0.6 kj/mol from Mosselman and Dekker, 1975 and ΔsubH° value of 153.4 kj/mol from Steele, Chirico, et al., 1991.; DRB |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-5 | 170. | 1675. | Svatoz, Kalinová, et al., 1999 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
Packed | OV-101 | 220. | 1664.4 | Didaoui, Touabet, et al., 1997 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 2. m |
Capillary | SE-30 | 200. | 1678.2 | Didaoui, Touabet, et al., 1997 | 27. m/0.4 mm/0.1 μm, N2, Chromosorb G HP |
Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 240. | 1676. | Hanai and Hong, 1989 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
Capillary | DB-1 | 240. | 1669. | Hanai and Hong, 1989 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 120. | 1646. | Haken and Korhonen, 1985 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 140. | 1652. | Haken and Korhonen, 1985 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 160. | 1655. | Haken and Korhonen, 1985 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 180. | 1657. | Haken and Korhonen, 1985 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 200. | 1659. | Haken and Korhonen, 1985 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 220. | 1653. | Haken and Korhonen, 1985 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 240. | 1661. | Haken and Korhonen, 1985 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 260. | 1670. | Haken and Korhonen, 1985 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm |
Packed | Apiezon L | 190. | 1658. | Nedopekina, Kovalev, et al., 1981 | N2, Chromatron N-AW-HMDS; Column length: 2.5 m |
Packed | SE-30 | 180. | 1669. | Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970 | Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 1664. | Schwob, Bessiere, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 50. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | PTE-5 | 1680. | Gudzic, Dordevic, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.39 μm, H2, 4.3 K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 285. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 1675. | Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 1984 | 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 1680. | Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 1984 | 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 1673. | Radusiene, Judzentiene, et al., 2005 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(1min) => 3C/min => 70C => 15C/min => 170C(8min) => 5C/min => 250C |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | CP-Wax | 240. | 2137. | Hanai and Hong, 1989 | 25. m/0.25 mm/0.22 μm |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 240. | 2175. | Hanai and Hong, 1989 | 25. m/0.25 mm/0.22 μm |
Capillary | OV-351 | 140. | 2164. | Haken and Korhonen, 1985 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
Capillary | OV-351 | 160. | 2161. | Haken and Korhonen, 1985 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
Capillary | OV-351 | 180. | 2165. | Haken and Korhonen, 1985 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
Capillary | OV-351 | 200. | 2165. | Haken and Korhonen, 1985 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
Capillary | OV-351 | 220. | 2177. | Haken and Korhonen, 1985 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 130. | 2170. | Hedin, Thopson, et al., 1972 | N2; Column length: 15.24 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | VF-5MS | 1679. | Todua, 2011 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 270. C |
Capillary | Mega 5MS | 1674. | Condurso, Verzera, et al., 2006 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | BPX-5 | 1686. | Dickschat J.S., Wagner-Dobler I., et al., 2005 | 25. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1676. | Demetzos, Angelopoulou, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 280. C |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1676. | Demetzos, Angelopoulou, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 280. C |
Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 1675. | Heinrich, Pfeifhofer, et al., 2002 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.15 μm, H2, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1672. | Lazari, Skaltsa, et al., 2000 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C |
Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 1661. | Pfeifhofer, 2000 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.13 μm, H2, 4. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 40. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 1647. | Peng, 1992 | 15. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1676. | Rostad and Pereira, 1986 | 30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1679. | Andriamaharavo, 2014 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C (1 min) => 5 C/min => 210C => 10 C/min => 280C (15 min) |
Capillary | VF-5MS | 1681.1 | Tret'yakov, 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: Multi-step temperature program; T(initial)=60C; T(final)=270C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 1664. | Peng, 2000 | 15. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 8C/min => 200(1min) => 5C/min => 300C(25min) |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1675. | Mondello, Dugo, et al., 1995 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.40 μm, He; Program: 45 C (6 min) 3 C/min -> 111 0C 2 C/min -> 160 C 3 C/min -> 300 C (15 min) |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 1647. | Peng, Yang, et al., 1991 | Program: not specified |
Packed | SE-30 | 1647. | Peng, Ding, et al., 1988 | Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min) |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 2200. | Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 2006 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 40. C |
Capillary | ZB-Wax | 2123. | Brunton, Cronin, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 2174. | Choi, Kim. M.-S.L., et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 70. C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 2155. | Mondello, Dugo, et al., 1995 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.425 μm, He, 45. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 2204. | Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1994 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C |
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 2173. | Chung and Cadwallader, 1993 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 2157. | Peng, 1992 | 8. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min; Column length: 3.05 m; Tstart: 40. C |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 2157. | Peng, Yang, et al., 1991 | Supelcoport, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min; Column length: 3.05 m; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 2131. | Schwab, Mahr, et al., 1989 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 240. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 2152. | Condurso, Verzera, et al., 2006 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 2145. | Ferrari, Lablanquie, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(0.7min) => 20C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 240C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-5 | 1676. | Cavar, Maksimovic, et al., 2010 | 30. m/0.252 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | HP-5 MS | 1675. | Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 70. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1670. | Smelcerovic, Spiteller, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 10. K/min, 320. C @ 4. min; Tstart: 60. C |
Capillary | BPX5 | 1687. | Dickschat, Bode, et al., 2005 | 25. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1680.6 | Leffingwell and Alford, 2005 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 1660. | Wong and Tan, 2005 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1665. | N/A | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1676. | Velickovic, Randjelovic, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 280. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1680. | Palmeira, Conserva, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 270. C |
Capillary | Optima-1 | 1677. | de Beck, Bessière, et al., 2000 | 25. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | SPB-5 | 1668. | Kim, Kim, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 70. C @ 8. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 20. min |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1652. | Reverchon, Porta, et al., 1997 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | Ultra-1 | 1659. | Okumura, 1991 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 260. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 1663. | Shiota, 1991 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 1665. | Shiota, 1991 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | SE-30 | 1653. | Yaacob, Abdullah, et al., 1989 | 4. K/min; Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 20. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | SE-54 | 1678. | Bestmann, Classen, et al., 1988 | N2, 60. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 260. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | TR-5 MS | 1685. | Kurashov, Mitrukova, et al., 2014 | 15. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 80 0C (3 min) 4 0C/min -> 120 0C (3 min) 5 0C/min -> 150 0C (3 min) 15 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min) |
Capillary | SLB-5 MS | 1671. | Mondello, 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | SLB-5 MS | 1683. | Mondello, 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | Siloxane, 5 % Ph | 1692. | VOC BinBase, 2012 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane, 5 % phenyl | 1692. | Skogerson, Wohlgemuth, et al., 2011 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | HP-5 MS | 1672. | Mancini, Arnold, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 2 0C/min -> 270 0C -> 260 0C (20 min) |
Capillary | BPX-5 | 1684. | se Souza, Cardeal, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (5 min) 3 0C/min -> 210 0C 40 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min) |
Capillary | BPX-5 | 1680. | se Souza, Cardeal, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1672. | Judzentiene and Budiene, 2008 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 160 0C (1 min) 10 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min) |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1673. | Nivinsliene, Butkiene, et al., 2007 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (1 min) 5 0C/min -> 160 0C 10 0C/min -> 250 0C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1677. | Demyttenaere, Sánchez Martínez, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C => 5C/min => 220C => 10C/min => 240C(5min) |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1675. | Kalinová, Svatos, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 70 0C (2 min) 4 K/min -> 140 0C 5 K/min -> 220 0C 20 K/min -> 280 0C (5 min) |
Capillary | BPX-5 | 1680. | Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250 C (10min) |
Capillary | CP-Sil 8CB-MS | 1676. | Mockute, Bernotiene, et al., 2003 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 60C(1min) => 3C/min => 70C => 15C/min => 170C(8min) => 5C/min => 250C |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1677. | Demyttenaere, Sánchez Martínez, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C => 5C/min => 160C => 10C/min => 220C (10min) |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1673. | Morteza-Semnani and Vahedi, 2002 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | BPX-5 | 1662. | Madruga, Arruda, et al., 2000 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 20 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min) |
Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 1665. | Weyerstahl, Marschall, et al., 1999 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.39 mm; Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | AT-Wax | 2180. | Kiss, Csoka, et al., 2011 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 280. C |
Capillary | ZB-Wax | 2169. | N/A | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Innowax FSC | 2179. | Akin, Saracoglu, et al., 2012 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (10 min) 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (10 min) 1 oC/min -> 240 0C |
Capillary | Innowax FSC | 2179. | Bardakci, Demirci, et al., 2012 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (10 min) 4 0C/min -> 220 0C 1 0C/min -> 240 0C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 2152. | Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 2172. | Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | HP Innowax | 2175. | Mancini, Arnold, et al., 2009 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 2 0C/min -> 270 0C -> 260 0C (20 min) |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 2157. | Peng, Yang, et al., 1991, 2 | Program: not specified |
Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-5MS | 282.29 | Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5MS | 283.90 | Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 283.29 | Rostad and Pereira, 1986 | 30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Steele, Chirico, et al., 1991
Steele, W.V.; Chirico, R.D.; Nguyen, A.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Smith, N.K.,
DIPPR PROJECT 871: Determination of ideal-gas enthalpies of formation for key compounds: The 1989 project results,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1991, 101-134. [all data]
Mosselman and Dekker, 1975
Mosselman, C.; Dekker, H.,
Enthalpies of formation of n-alkan-1-ols,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 1975, 417-424. [all data]
Svatoz, Kalinová, et al., 1999
Svatoz, A.; Kalinová, B.; Hoskovec, M.; Kindl, J.; Hovorka, O.; Hrdý, I.,
Identification of a new lepidopteran sex pheromone in picogram quantities using an antennal biodetector: (8E, 10Z)-tetradeca-8,10-dienal from Cameraria ohridella,
Tetrahedron Lett., 1999, 40, 38, 7011-7014, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(99)01426-4
. [all data]
Didaoui, Touabet, et al., 1997
Didaoui, L.; Touabet, A.; Meklati, B.Y.,
Comparison of mathematical methods for the calculation of retention indices at high temperature in gas chromatography,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1997, 20, 11, 605-610, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240201107
. [all data]
Hanai and Hong, 1989
Hanai, T.; Hong, C.,
Structure-retention correlation in CGC,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1989, 12, 5, 327-332, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240120517
. [all data]
Haken and Korhonen, 1985
Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O.,
Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXVII. Retention increments of C1-C18 primary alkanols and their 2-chloropropanoyl and 3-chloropropanoyl derivatives on SE-30 and OV-351 capillary columns,
J. Chromatogr., 1985, 319, 131-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90548-5
. [all data]
Nedopekina, Kovalev, et al., 1981
Nedopekina, S.F.; Kovalev, B.G.; Kost, A.N.,
Use of Kovats indices for idetifying sex pheromones,
Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 1981, 17, 4, 376-380, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01185272
. [all data]
Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970
Zarazir, D.; Chovin, P.; Guiochon, G.,
Identification of hydroxylic compounds and their derivatives by gas chromatography,
Chromatographia, 1970, 3, 4, 180-195, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269018
. [all data]
Schwob, Bessiere, et al., 2004
Schwob, I.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Masotti, V.; Viano, J.,
Changes in essential oil composition in Saint John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) aerial parts during its phenological cycle,
Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2004, 32, 8, 735-745, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2003.12.005
. [all data]
Gudzic, Dordevic, et al., 2001
Gudzic, B.; Dordevic, S.; Palic, R.; Stojanovic, G.,
Essential oils of Hypericum olympicum L. and Hypericum perforatum L.,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 3, 201-203, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.978
. [all data]
Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 1984
Ohnishi, S.; Shibamoto, T.,
Volatile compounds from heated beef fat and beef fat with glycine,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1984, 32, 5, 987-992, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00125a008
. [all data]
Radusiene, Judzentiene, et al., 2005
Radusiene, J.; Judzentiene, A.; Bernotiene, G.,
Essential oil composition and variability of Hypericum perforatum L. growing in Lithuania,
Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 2, 113-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.06.010
. [all data]
Hedin, Thopson, et al., 1972
Hedin, P.A.; Thopson, A.C.; Gueldner, R.C.; Minyard, J.P.,
Volatile constituents of the boll weevil,
J. Insect. Physiol., 1972, 18, 1, 79-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(72)90066-2
. [all data]
Todua, 2011
Todua, N.G.,
Retention Data. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center., NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 2011. [all data]
Condurso, Verzera, et al., 2006
Condurso, C.; Verzera, A.; Romeo, V.; Ziino, M.; Trozzi, A.; Ragusa, S.,
The leaf volatile constituents of Isatis tinctoria by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry,
Planta Medica, 2006, 72, 10, 924-928, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-946679
. [all data]
Dickschat J.S., Wagner-Dobler I., et al., 2005
Dickschat J.S.; Wagner-Dobler I.; Schulz S.,
The chafer pheromone buibuilactone and ant pyrazines are also produced by marine bacteria,
J. Chem. Ecol., 2005, 31, 4, 925-947, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-3553-9
. [all data]
Demetzos, Angelopoulou, et al., 2002
Demetzos, C.; Angelopoulou, D.; Perdetzoglou, D.,
A comparative study of the essential oils of Cistus salviifolius in several populations of Crete (Greece),
Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2002, 30, 7, 651-665, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(01)00145-4
. [all data]
Heinrich, Pfeifhofer, et al., 2002
Heinrich, G.; Pfeifhofer, H.W.; Stabentheiner, E.; Sawidis, T.,
Glandular hairs of Sigesbeckia jorullensis Kunth (Asteraceae): morphology, histochemistry and composition of essential oil,
Ann. Bot. Rome, 2002, 89, 4, 459-469, retrieved from http://www.aob.oupjournals.org, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcf062
. [all data]
Lazari, Skaltsa, et al., 2000
Lazari, D.M.; Skaltsa, H.D.; Constantinidis, T.,
Volatile constituents of Centaurea pelia DC., C. thessala Hausskn. subsp. drakiensis (Freyn Sint.) Georg. and C. zuccariniana DC. from Greece,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 1, 7-11, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(200001/02)15:1<7::AID-FFJ860>3.0.CO;2-3
. [all data]
Pfeifhofer, 2000
Pfeifhofer, H.W.,
Composition of the essential oil of Pinus canariensis Sweet ex Sprengel,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 4, 266-270, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200007/08)15:4<266::AID-FFJ908>3.0.CO;2-E
. [all data]
Peng, 1992
Peng, C.T.,
A method for tentative identificatoin of unknown gas chromatographic peaks by retention index,
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1992, 160, 2, 449-460, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02037120
. [all data]
Rostad and Pereira, 1986
Rostad, C.E.; Pereira, W.E.,
Kovats and Lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 6, 328-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090603
. [all data]
Andriamaharavo, 2014
Andriamaharavo, N.R.,
Retention Data. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center., NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 2014. [all data]
Tret'yakov, 2007
Tret'yakov, K.V.,
Retention Data. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center., NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 2007. [all data]
Peng, 2000
Peng, C.T.,
Prediction of retention indices. V. Influence of electronic effects and column polarity on retention index,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 903, 1-2, 117-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00901-8
. [all data]
Mondello, Dugo, et al., 1995
Mondello, L.; Dugo, P.; Basile, A.; Dugo, G.,
Interactive use of linear retention indices, on polar and apolar columns, with a MS-library for reliable identification of complex mixtures,
J. Microcolumn Sep., 1995, 7, 6, 581-591, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220070605
. [all data]
Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Maltby, D.,
Prediction of retention indexes. III. Silylated derivatives of polar compounds,
J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 113-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80029-G
. [all data]
Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C.,
Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns,
J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8
. [all data]
Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 2006
Gurbuz O.; Rouseff J.M.; Rouseff R.L.,
Comparison of aroma volatiles in commercial Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon wines using gas chromatography - Olfactometry and gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 11, 3990-3996, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf053278p
. [all data]
Brunton, Cronin, et al., 2002
Brunton, N.P.; Cronin, D.A.; Monahan, F.J.,
Volatile components associated with freshly cooked and oxidized off-flavours in turkey breast meat,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 327-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1087
. [all data]
Choi, Kim. M.-S.L., et al., 2002
Choi, H.-S.; Kim. M.-S.L.; Sawamura, M.,
Constituents of the essential oil of cnidium officinale Makino, a Korean medicinal plant,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 1, 49-53, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1038
. [all data]
Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1994
Shiratsuchi, H.; Shimoda, M.; Imayoshi, K.; Noda, K.; Osajima, Y.,
Off-flavor compounds in spray-dried skim milk powder,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 6, 1323-1327, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00042a014
. [all data]
Chung and Cadwallader, 1993
Chung, H.Y.; Cadwallader, K.R.,
Volatile components in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat and processing by-product,
J. Food Sci., 1993, 58, 6, 1203-1207, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06148.x
. [all data]
Schwab, Mahr, et al., 1989
Schwab, W.; Mahr, C.; Schreier, P.,
Studies on the enzymic hydrolysis of bound aroma components from Carica papaya fruit,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 4, 1009-1012, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00088a042
. [all data]
Ferrari, Lablanquie, et al., 2004
Ferrari, G.; Lablanquie, O.; Cantagrel, R.; Ledauphin, J.; Payot, T.; Fournier, N.; Guichard, E.,
Determination of key odorant compounds in freshly distilled cognac using GC-O, GC-MS, and sensory evaluation,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 18, 5670-5676, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049512d
. [all data]
Cavar, Maksimovic, et al., 2010
Cavar, S.; Maksimovic, M.; Solic, M.E.,
Comparison of essential oil composition of Stachys menthufolia Vis. from two natural habitas in Croatia,
Biologica Nyssana, 2010, 1, 1-2, 99-103. [all data]
Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Blagojevic, P.; Palic, R.,
Comparative study of the leaf volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae),
Molecules, 2010, 15, 9, 6168-6185, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168
. [all data]
Smelcerovic, Spiteller, et al., 2007
Smelcerovic, A.; Spiteller, M.; Ligon, A.P.; Smelcerovic, Z.; Raabe, N.,
Essential oil composition of Hypericum L. species from Southeastern Serbia and their chemotaxonomy,
Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2007, 35, 2, 99-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2006.09.012
. [all data]
Dickschat, Bode, et al., 2005
Dickschat, J.S.; Bode, H.B.; Wenzel, S.C.; Muller, R.; Schulz, S.,
Biosinthesis and Identification of Volatiles Released by the Myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca,
ChemBioChem, 2005, 6, 11, 2023-2033, https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.200500174
. [all data]
Leffingwell and Alford, 2005
Leffingwell, J.C.; Alford, E.D.,
Volatile constituents of Perique tobacco,
Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 4, 2, 899-915. [all data]
Wong and Tan, 2005
Wong, K.C.; Tan, C.H.,
Volatile constituents of the flowers of Clerodendron fragrans (Vent.) R. Br.,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 4, 429-430, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1457
. [all data]
Velickovic, Randjelovic, et al., 2002
Velickovic, D.T.; Randjelovic, N.V.; Ristic, M.S.; Smelcerovic, A.A.; Velickovic, A.S.,
Chemical composition and antimicrobial action of the ethanol extracts of Salvia pratensis L., Salvia glutinosa L. and Salvia aethiopis L.,
J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 2002, 67, 10, 639-646, https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0210639V
. [all data]
Palmeira, Conserva, et al., 2001
Palmeira, S.F., Jr.; Conserva, L.M.; Andrade, E.H.A.; Guilhon, G.M.S.P.,
Analysis by GC-MS of the hexane extract of the aerial parts of Aristolochia acutifolia Duchtr.,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 2, 85-88, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200103/04)16:2<85::AID-FFJ948>3.0.CO;2-2
. [all data]
de Beck, Bessière, et al., 2000
de Beck, P.O.; Bessière, J.M.; Dijoux-Franca, M.-G.; David, B.; Mariotte, A.-M.,
Volatile constituents from leaves and wood of Leea guineensis G. Don (Leeaceae) from Cameroon,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 3, 182-185, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200005/06)15:3<182::AID-FFJ888>3.0.CO;2-X
. [all data]
Kim, Kim, et al., 2000
Kim, H.-J.; Kim, K.; Kim, N.-S.; Lee, D.-S.,
Determination of floral fragrances of Rosa hybrida using solid-phase trapping-solvent extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 902, 2, 389-404, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00863-3
. [all data]
Reverchon, Porta, et al., 1997
Reverchon, E.; Porta, G.D.; Gorgoglione, D.,
Supercritical CO2 extraction of volatile oil from rose concrete,
Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 1, 37-41, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199701)12:1<37::AID-FFJ605>3.0.CO;2-V
. [all data]
Okumura, 1991
Okumura, T.,
retention indices of environmental chemicals on methyl silicone capillary column,
Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Japan), 1991, 1, 2, 333-358, https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.1.333
. [all data]
Shiota, 1991
Shiota, H.,
Volatile components of pawpaw fruit (Asimina triloba Dunal.),
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 9, 1631-1635, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00009a019
. [all data]
Yaacob, Abdullah, et al., 1989
Yaacob, K.B.; Abdullah, C.M.; Joulain, D.,
Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens L.,
J. Essent. Oil Res., 1989, 1, 5, 203-207, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1989.9697787
. [all data]
Bestmann, Classen, et al., 1988
Bestmann, H.-J.; Classen, B.; Kobold, U.; Vostrowsky, O.; Klingauf, F.; Stein, U.,
Steam volatile constituents from leaves of Rhus typhina,
Phytochemistry, 1988, 27, 1, 85-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80595-8
. [all data]
Kurashov, Mitrukova, et al., 2014
Kurashov, E.A.; Mitrukova, G.G.; Krylova, Yu.V.,
Variations in the component composition of essential oil of Ceratophyllum demersum (Ceratophyllaceae) during vegetation (in press),
Plant Resources (Rastitel'nye Resursy), 2014, 1, 000-000. [all data]
Mondello, 2012
Mondello, L.,
HS-SPME-GCxGC-MS analysis of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis)
in Shimadzu GC-GC application compendium of comprehensive 2D GC, Vol. 1-5, Shimadzu Corp., 2012, 1-29. [all data]
VOC BinBase, 2012
VOC BinBase,
The volatile compound BinBase (VOC BinBase), 2012, retrieved from http://fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/projects/VocBinBase and http://binbase.sourceforge.net. [all data]
Skogerson, Wohlgemuth, et al., 2011
Skogerson, K.; Wohlgemuth, G.; Fiehn, O.,
VocBinNase, 2011, retrieved from http://fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/projects//VocBinBase. [all data]
Mancini, Arnold, et al., 2009
Mancini, E.; Arnold, N.A.; De Martino, L.; De Feo, V.; Formisano, C.; Rigano, D.; Senatore, F.,
Chemical composition and phytotoxic effects of essential oils of Salvia hierosolymitana Boiss. and Salvia multicaulis Vahl. var. simplicifolia Boiss. growing wild in Lebanon,
Molecules, 2009, 14, 11, 4725-4736, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14114725
. [all data]
se Souza, Cardeal, et al., 2009
se Souza, P.P.; Cardeal, Z.DeL.; Augusti, R.; Morrison, P.; Marriott, P.J.,
Determination of volatile compounds in Brazilian distilled cachaca by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and effects of production pathways,
J. Chromatogr. A., 2009, 1216, 14, 2881-2890, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.061
. [all data]
Judzentiene and Budiene, 2008
Judzentiene, A.; Budiene, J.,
Volatile constituents from aerial parts and roots of Cichorium intybis L. (chicory) grown in Lithuania,
Chemija, 2008, 19, 2, 25-28. [all data]
Nivinsliene, Butkiene, et al., 2007
Nivinsliene, O.; Butkiene, R.; Gudalevic, A.; Mockute, D.; Meskauskiene, V.; Grigaliunaite, B.,
Influence of urban environment on chemical composition of Tilia cordata essential oil,
Chemija, 2007, 18, 1, 44-49. [all data]
Demyttenaere, Sánchez Martínez, et al., 2003
Demyttenaere, J.C.R.; Sánchez Martínez, J.I.; Verhé, R.; Sandra, P.; de Kimpe, N.,
Analysis of volatiles of malt whisky by solid-phase microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 985, 1-2, 221-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01471-1
. [all data]
Kalinová, Svatos, et al., 2003
Kalinová, B.; Svatos, A.; Kindl, J.; Hovorka, O.; Hrdý, I.; Kuldova, J.; Hoskovec, M.,
Sex pheromone of horse-chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella and its use in a pheromone-based monitoring system,
J. Chem. Ecol., 2003, 29, 2, 387-404, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022686029051
. [all data]
Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003
Machiels, D.; van Ruth, S.M.; Posthumus, M.A.; Istasse, L.,
Gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis of the volatile compounds of two commercial Irish beef meats,
Talanta, 2003, 60, 4, 755-764, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00133-4
. [all data]
Mockute, Bernotiene, et al., 2003
Mockute, D.; Bernotiene, G.; Judzentiene, A.,
Volatile compounds of the aerial parts of wild St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) plants,
Chemija, 2003, 14, 3, 108-111. [all data]
Demyttenaere, Sánchez Martínez, et al., 2002
Demyttenaere, J.C.R.; Sánchez Martínez, J.I.; Téllez Valdés, M.J.; Verhé, R.; Sandra, P.,
Analysis of volatile esters of malt whisky using solid phase microextraction and dynamic headspace
in 25th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography, 2002, 1-13. [all data]
Morteza-Semnani and Vahedi, 2002
Morteza-Semnani, K.; Vahedi, M.,
Volatile constituents of Iranian Hypericum perforatum L.,
Proceedings of ICNP-2002 - Trabzon/Turkiye, 2002, 342-344. [all data]
Madruga, Arruda, et al., 2000
Madruga, M.S.; Arruda, S.G.B.; Narain, N.; Souza, J.G.,
Castration and slaughter age effects on panel assessment and aroma compounds of the mestico goat meat,
Meat Sci., 2000, 56, 2, 117-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(00)00025-5
. [all data]
Weyerstahl, Marschall, et al., 1999
Weyerstahl, P.; Marschall, H.; Splittgerber, U.; Son, P.T.; Giang, P.M.; Kaul, V.K.,
Constituents of the essential oil from the fruits of Zanthoxylum rhetsoides Drake from Vietnam and from the aerial parts of Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. from India,
Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 4, 225-229, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199907/08)14:4<225::AID-FFJ818>3.0.CO;2-1
. [all data]
Kiss, Csoka, et al., 2011
Kiss, M.; Csoka, M.; Gyorfi, J.; Korany, K.,
Comparison of the fragrance constituents of Tuber aestivium and Tuber Brumale gathered in Hungary,
J. Appl. Botany Food Quality, 2011, 84, 102-110. [all data]
Akin, Saracoglu, et al., 2012
Akin, M.; Saracoglu, H.T.; Demirci, B.; Baser, K.H.C.,
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from different parts of Buplerum rotundifolium L.,
Rec. Nat. Prod., 2012, 6, 3, 316-320. [all data]
Bardakci, Demirci, et al., 2012
Bardakci, H.; Demirci, B.; Yesilada, E.; Kirmizibekmez, H.; Naser, K.H.C.,
Chemical composition of the essential oil of the subterranean parts of Valeriana alliariifolia,
Rec. Nat. Prod., 2012, 6, 1, 89-92. [all data]
Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012
Welke, J.E.; Manfroi, V.; Zanus, M.; Lazarotto, M.; Zini, C.A.,
Characterization of the volatile profile of Brazilian merlot wines through comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2012, 1226, 124-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.002
. [all data]
Peng, Yang, et al., 1991, 2
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F.,
Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns,
J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F
. [all data]
Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002
Chen, P.H.; Keeran, W.S.; Van Ausdale, W.A.; Schindler, D.R.; Roberts, D.W.,
Application of Lee retention indices to the confirmation of tentatively identified compounds from GC/MS analysis of environmental samples, Technical paper, Analytical Services Division, Environmental ScienceEngineering, Inc, PO Box 1703, Gainesville, FL 32602, 2002, 11. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.