Pyridine
- Formula: C5H5N
- Molecular weight: 79.0999
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 110-86-1
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Isotopologues:
- Other names: Azabenzene; Azine; NCI-C55301; Piridina; Pirydyna; Pyridin; Rcra waste number U196; UN 1282; Pyr; CP 32; NSC 406123
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Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Go To: Top, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Column type | Packed | Packed | Packed | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | PMS-1000 | Apiezon L | C78, Branched paraffin | HP-101 | OV-101 |
Column length (m) | 2. | 1. | 3.3 | 50. | |
Carrier gas | N2 | He | H2 | He | |
Substrate | Chromaton N-AW-DMCS | Chromaton N-AW | |||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.2 | ||||
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.2 | 0.4 | |||
Temperature (C) | 90. | 160. | 130. | 60. | 110. |
I | 726. | 749. | 724.4 | 727.87 | 748. |
Reference | Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004 | Kurbatova, Finkelstein, et al., 2004 | Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000 | Garay, 2000 | Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | Large deviations from similar measurements; MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | OV-101 | Squalane | OV-101 | OV-101 | SPB-1 |
Column length (m) | 50. | 50. | 50. | 30. | |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.32 | |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.25 | |
Temperature (C) | 110. | 200. | 110. | 110. | 60. |
I | 738. | 740. | 739. | 756. | 706. |
Reference | Zhuravleva, 2000 | Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1999 | Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 1999 | Terenina, Zhuravieva, et al., 1997 | Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1994 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Packed | Packed | Packed | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Porapack Q | SE-30 | C78, Branched paraffin | HP-1 | HP-1 |
Column length (m) | 1. | 0.25 | 3.3 | 25. | 25. |
Carrier gas | H2 | He | N2 | N2 | |
Substrate | Gas Chrom Q (100-120 mesh) | Chromosorb G HP | |||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.20 | 0.20 | |||
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 200. | 120. | 130. | 60. | 100. |
I | 728. | 738. | 723.4 | 729. | 738. |
Reference | Gawdzik and Matynia, 1994 | Kowalski, 1992 | Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992 | Zhang, Li, et al., 1992 | Zhang, Li, et al., 1992 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Packed | Capillary | Capillary | Packed | Packed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Apolane | SE-30 | SE-30 | OV-1 | SE-30 |
Column length (m) | 3.7 | 25. | 25. | 1.5 | 1. |
Carrier gas | He | He | N2 | N2 | |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.32 | 0.32 | |||
Phase thickness (μm) | 1. | 1. | |||
Temperature (C) | 130. | 110. | 80. | 120. | 120. |
I | 726. | 738. | 732. | 737. | 743. |
Reference | Dutoit, 1991 | Samusenko and Golovnya, 1988 | Samusenko and Golovnya, 1988 | Betts, 1986 | Betts, 1986 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Packed | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary | Capillary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | SP-2100 | OV-101 | OV-101 | OV-101 | OV-101 |
Column length (m) | 1. | 20. | 25. | 35. | 35. |
Carrier gas | N2 | N2 | He | He | He |
Substrate | |||||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | |
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.156 | 0.125 | 0.125 | ||
Temperature (C) | 120. | 150. | 80. | 80. | 80. |
I | 746. | 745. | 732. | 732. | 735. |
Reference | Betts, 1986 | Morishita, Morimoto, et al., 1986 | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Capillary | Packed | Packed | Packed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | OV-101 | OV-101 | OV-101 | SE-30 | OV-1 |
Column length (m) | 35. | 50. | 1. | 200. | 2. |
Carrier gas | He | He | Ar | N2 | |
Substrate | Chromosorb W HP | Gas Chrom Q | |||
Column diameter (mm) | 0.25 | 0.25 | |||
Phase thickness (μm) | 0.125 | 0.125 | |||
Temperature (C) | 80. | 80. | 130. | 120. | 120. |
I | 735. | 733. | 692. | 741. | 741. |
Reference | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986 | Osmialowski, Halkiewicz, et al., 1985 | Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984 | Valko, Papp, et al., 1984 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Packed | Packed | Packed | Packed | Packed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Apolane | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane | Squalane |
Column length (m) | 3. | 3. | 3. | 3. | 3. |
Carrier gas | He | He | He | He | He |
Substrate | Chromosorb G | Chromosorb G | Chromosorb G | Chromosorb G | Chromosorb G |
Column diameter (mm) | |||||
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 100. | 100. | 120. | 125. | 200. |
I | 719. | 707. | 699. | 711. | 740. |
Reference | Castello and D'Amato, 1983 | Castello and D'Amato, 1983 | Castello and D'Amato, 1983 | Castello and D'Amato, 1983 | Castello and D'Amato, 1983 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Packed | Packed | Packed | Packed | Packed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | SE-30 | Porapack Q | Triacontane | Squalane | Squalane |
Column length (m) | 2. | 3. | 3. | 1. | |
Carrier gas | N2 | He | He | ||
Substrate | Gaschrom Q | Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh) | Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh) | ||
Column diameter (mm) | |||||
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 100. | 200. | 80. | 80. | 100. |
I | 743. | 690. | 735. | 751. | 721.6 |
Reference | Winskowski, 1983 | Goebel, 1982 | Castello and D'Amato, 1979 | Castello and D'Amato, 1979 | Gröbler and Bálizs, 1979 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Capillary | Packed | Packed | Packed | Packed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Apiezon M | Apiezon L | Apolane | Apiezon L | SE-30 |
Column length (m) | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 3.7 | |
Carrier gas | He | He | N2 or He | ||
Substrate | Chromosorb W AW-DMCS | Chromosorb | Chromosorb G, AW | Celaton (62-72 mesh) | |
Column diameter (mm) | |||||
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 120. | 130. | 70. | 100. | 150. |
I | 739. | 751. | 705.9 | 734. | 750. |
Reference | Golovnya and Misharina, 1977 | Shatts, Avots, et al., 1977 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | Zhuravleva, Kapustin, et al., 1976 | Ashes and Haken, 1974 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Packed | Packed | Packed | Packed | Packed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active phase | Apiezon L | Apiezon L | Apiezon L | PMS-100 | PMS-100 |
Column length (m) | 2. | 2. | 2. | 3. | 3. |
Carrier gas | N2 | N2 | N2 | He | He |
Substrate | Chromosorb W AW-DCMS | Chromosorb W AW-DCMS | Chromosorb W AW-DCMS | Celite 545 (44-60 mesh) | Celite 545 (44-60 mesh) |
Column diameter (mm) | |||||
Phase thickness (μm) | |||||
Temperature (C) | 110. | 130. | 150. | 130. | 150. |
I | 728. | 736. | 748. | 720. | 725. |
Reference | Bark and Wheatstone, 1974 | Bark and Wheatstone, 1974 | Bark and Wheatstone, 1974 | Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973 | Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
Column type | Packed | Packed | Packed |
---|---|---|---|
Active phase | PMS-100 | DC-200 | SE-30 |
Column length (m) | 3. | 4. | 6. |
Carrier gas | He | He | |
Substrate | Celite 545 (44-60 mesh) | Celite | Chromosorb P |
Column diameter (mm) | |||
Phase thickness (μm) | |||
Temperature (C) | 180. | 120. | 120. |
I | 730. | 730. | 725. |
Reference | Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973 | Reymond, Mueggler-Chavan, et al., 1966 | Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965 |
Comment | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI | MSDC-RI |
References
Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004
Arutyunov, Y.I.; Kudryashov, S.Y.; Onuchak, L.A.,
Analysis of Mixtures Containing Unknown Components by Gas Chromatography: Determination of Molecular Mass,
J. Anal. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 2004, 59, 4, 358-365. [all data]
Kurbatova, Finkelstein, et al., 2004
Kurbatova, S.V.; Finkelstein, E.E.; Kolosova, E.A.; Kartashev, A.V.; Rashkin, S.V.,
Structural analogy method in studies of adamantanes,
J. Struct. Chem., 2004, 45, 1, 144-150, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JORY.0000041513.82837.4e
. [all data]
Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000
Dallos, A.; Sisak, A.; Kulcsár, Z.; Kováts, E.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography VII. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with secondary alcohol groups,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 904, 2, 211-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00908-0
. [all data]
Garay, 2000
Garay, F.,
Application of a flow-tunable, serially coupled gas chromatographic capillary column system for the analysis of complex mixtures,
Chromatographia Sup., 2000, 51, 1, s108-s120, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02492792
. [all data]
Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000
Golovnya, R.V.; Kuz'menko, T.E.; Krikunova, N.I.,
The influence of alkyl substituents on the chromatographic indicator of self-association of N-containing heterocyclic compounds,
Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 2000, 49, 2, 321-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02494681
. [all data]
Zhuravleva, 2000
Zhuravleva, I.L.,
Evaluation of the polarity and boiling points of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds by gas chromatography,
Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 2000, 49, 2, 325-328, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02494682
. [all data]
Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1999
Castello, G.; Vezzani, S.; Gardella, L.,
Influence of temperature on the polarity of porous polymer beads stationary phases for gas chromatography,
J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 837, 1-2, 153-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00058-8
. [all data]
Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 1999
Golovnya, R.V.; Kuz'menko, T.E.; Zhuravleva, I.L.,
Gas chromatographic indicator of the ability of five- and six-membered heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds for self-association in pure liquids,
Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 1999, 48, 4, 726-729, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02496256
. [all data]
Terenina, Zhuravieva, et al., 1997
Terenina, M.B.; Zhuravieva, I.L.; Golovnya, R.V.,
Peculiar features of sorption of positional isomers of formyl-, acetyl-, and aminopyridines in capillary gas-liquid chromatography,
Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 1997, 46, 1, 86-89, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02495353
. [all data]
Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1994
Castello, G.; Vezzani, S.; Moretti, P.,
The selectivity and polarity of carbon layer open tubular capillary columns modified with a polar liquid phase,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1994, 17, 1, 31-36, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170108
. [all data]
Gawdzik and Matynia, 1994
Gawdzik, B.; Matynia, T.,
Characterization of methacrylic ester of p,p'-dihydroxydiphenylpropane diglicydyl ether - divinylbenzene porous copolymers for GC,
Chromatographia, 1994, 38, 9/10, 643-648, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02277169
. [all data]
Kowalski, 1992
Kowalski, W.J.,
Free radical crosslinking of the gas chromatographic stationary phase containing europium chelates,
Chromatographia, 1992, 34, 5-8, 266-268, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02268356
. [all data]
Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups,
J. Chromatogr., 1992, 609, 1-2, 229-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80167-S
. [all data]
Zhang, Li, et al., 1992
Zhang, M.J.; Li, S.D.; Chen, B.J.,
Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by GC/FTIR analysis of light oil fractions,
Chromatographia, 1992, 33, 3/4, 138-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02275894
. [all data]
Dutoit, 1991
Dutoit, J.,
Gas chromatographic retention behaviour of some solutes on structurally similar polar and non-polar stationary phases,
J. Chromatogr., 1991, 555, 1-2, 191-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87179-X
. [all data]
Samusenko and Golovnya, 1988
Samusenko, A.L.; Golovnya, R.V.,
Prediction of the retention indices of methyl pyridines and pyrazines in capillary gas chromatography based on the non-linear additivity of the sorption energy,
Chromatographia, 1988, 25, 6, 531-535, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02324828
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Betts, 1986
Betts, T.J.,
Triangular Characterization of Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phases,
J. Chromatogr., 1986, 354, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87005-9
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Morishita, Morimoto, et al., 1986
Morishita, F.; Morimoto, S.; Kojima, T.,
Prediction of molecular structures of aza-arenes by retention indices and fluorescence spectra,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 11, 688-692, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240091120
. [all data]
Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986
Samusenko, A.L.; Svetlova, N.I.; Golovnya, R.V.,
Reproducible and durable glass capillary columns with hydrogenated apiezon-l and OV-101 for the analysis of polar substances,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 1986, 61, 1, 127-133. [all data]
Osmialowski, Halkiewicz, et al., 1985
Osmialowski, K.; Halkiewicz, J.; Radecki, A.; Kaliszan, R.,
Quantum chemical parameters in correlation analysis of gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of amines,
J. Chromatogr., 1985, 346, 53-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90493-X
. [all data]
Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984
Stolyarov, B.V.; Kartsova, L.A.,
Comparative experimental estimation of polarity and selectivity of stationary phases in gas chromatography by means of Forschneider-McReynolds constants and on the basis of thermodynamic characteristics,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 1984, 39, 5, 883-889. [all data]
Valko, Papp, et al., 1984
Valko, K.; Papp, O.; Darvas, F.,
Selection of Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phase Pairs for Characterization of the 1-Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient,
J. Chromatogr., 1984, 301, 355-364, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89210-4
. [all data]
Castello and D'Amato, 1983
Castello, G.; D'Amato, G.,
Classification of the Polarity of porous polymer bead stationary phases by comparison with squalane and apolane standard liquid phases,
J. Chromatogr., 1983, 269, 153-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90798-8
. [all data]
Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J.,
Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren,
Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041
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Goebel, 1982
Goebel, K.-J.,
Gaschromatographische Identifizierung Niedrig Siedender Substanzen Mittels Retentionsindices und Rechnerhilfe,
J. Chromatogr., 1982, 235, 1, 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)95793-5
. [all data]
Castello and D'Amato, 1979
Castello, G.; D'Amato, G.,
Use of Linear and Branched-Chain Paraffinic Liquid Phases as Non-Polar Reference Materials in Gas Chromatography,
J. Chromatogr., 1979, 175, 1, 27-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86400-6
. [all data]
Gröbler and Bálizs, 1979
Gröbler, A.; Bálizs, G.,
Investigations on mixed gas chromatographic stationary phases. Part I. Dependence of the retention index on the composition of the stationary phase,
J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1979, 17, 11, 631-635, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/17.11.631
. [all data]
Golovnya and Misharina, 1977
Golovnya, R.V.; Misharina, T.A.,
Characterization of the selectivity of stationary phases from the partial molar free energies of solution of standards,
Chromatographia, 1977, 10, 11, 658-660, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02268893
. [all data]
Shatts, Avots, et al., 1977
Shatts, V.D.; Avots, A.A.; Belikov, V.A.,
Retention indices of alkylpyridines,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 1977, 32, 4, 631-638. [all data]
Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976
Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarján, G.; Kováts, E.Sz.,
A tailor-made C87 hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography,
J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 63-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84063-2
. [all data]
Zhuravleva, Kapustin, et al., 1976
Zhuravleva, I.L.; Kapustin, Yu.P.; Golovnya, P.B.,
Retention indices of some isoaliphatic and heterocyclic nitrogenous bases,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 1976, 31, 1378-1380. [all data]
Ashes and Haken, 1974
Ashes, J.R.; Haken, J.K.,
Gas chromatography of homologous esters. VI. Structure-retention increments of aliphatic esters,
J. Chromatogr., 1974, 101, 1, 103-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94737-5
. [all data]
Bark and Wheatstone, 1974
Bark, L.S.; Wheatstone, K.C.,
Studies in the relationship between molecular structure and chromatographic behaviour. Gas chromatographic study of monoalkylpyridines,
J. Chromatogr., 1974, 92, 2, 281-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)85738-6
. [all data]
Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973
Anderson, A.; Jurel, S.; Shymanska, M.; Golender, L.,
Gas-liquid chromatography of some aliphatic and heterocyclic mono- and pollyfunctional amines. VII. Retention indices of amines in some polar and unpolar stationary phases,
Latv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis Kim. Ser., 1973, 1, 51-63. [all data]
Reymond, Mueggler-Chavan, et al., 1966
Reymond, D.; Mueggler-Chavan, F.; Viani, R.; Vuataz, L.; Egli, R.H.,
Gas chromatographic analysis of steam volatile aroma constituents: application to coffee, tea and cocoa aromas,
J. Gas Chromatogr., 1966, 4, 1, 28-31, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/4.1.28
. [all data]
Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965
Viani, R.; Müggler-Chavan, F.; Reymond, D.; Egli, R.H.,
196. Sur la composition de l'arôme de café,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1965, 48, 195-196, 1809-1815, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19650480743
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal, References
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