Ethyl formate
- Formula: C3H6O2
- Molecular weight: 74.0785
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C3H6O2/c1-2-5-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 109-94-4
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Isotopologues:
- Other names: Formic acid, ethyl ester; Areginal; Ethyl methanoate; HCOOC2H5; Ethylformic ester; Aethylformiat; Ethyle (formiate d'); Ethylformiaat; Etile (formiato di); Mrowczan etylu; Ethylester kyseliny mravenci; Formic ether; UN 1190; Ethyl ester of formic acid; NSC 406578
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°gas | -361.7 | kJ/mol | N/A | Frolova and Petrov, 1991 | Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -394.2±0.8 kj/mol from Frolova and Petrov, 1991 and ΔvapH° value of 32.5 kj/mol from Hine and Klueppet, 1974.; DRB |
| ΔfH°gas | -398. | kJ/mol | Cm | Hine and Klueppet, 1974 | ALS |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°liquid | -394.2 ± 0.8 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Frolova and Petrov, 1991 | ALS |
| ΔfH°liquid | -430.5 | kJ/mol | Cm | Hine and Klueppet, 1974 | ALS |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
| Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 144.3 | 298.15 | Fuchs, 1979 | DH |
| 158.2 | 290. | Kurnakov and Voskresenskaya, 1936 | DH |
| 148.1 | 294.7 | Kolosovskii and Udovenko, 1934 | DH |
| 148.1 | 294.7 | de Kolossowsky and Udowenko, 1933 | DH |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: C3H7O2+ + C3H6O2 = (C3H7O2+ • C3H6O2)
Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 126. | kJ/mol | ICR | Larson and McMahon, 1982 | gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 129. | J/mol*K | N/A | Larson and McMahon, 1982 | gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 87.0 | kJ/mol | ICR | Larson and McMahon, 1982 | gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
By formula: C4H9O2+ + C3H6O2 = (C4H9O2+ • C3H6O2)
Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 128. | kJ/mol | ICR | Larson and McMahon, 1982 | gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 125. | J/mol*K | N/A | Larson and McMahon, 1982 | gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 90.4 | kJ/mol | ICR | Larson and McMahon, 1982 | gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: C6H5S- + C3H6O2 = (C6H5S- • C3H6O2)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 83.7 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989 | gas phase; M |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 107. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989 | gas phase; M |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: I- + C3H6O2 = (I- • C3H6O2)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 69.5 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984 | gas phase; M |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 85.4 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984 | gas phase; M |
+
=
+
+
By formula: C8H14N2O2 + H2O = C3H6O2 + C3H4N2 + C2H6O
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -34.6 ± 1.8 | kJ/mol | Cm | Guthrie and Pike, 1987 | liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS |
+
=
+ 2
By formula: C7H16O3 + H2O = C3H6O2 + 2C2H6O
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -13.25 ± 0.79 | kJ/mol | Cm | Hine and Klueppet, 1974 | liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS |
+
=
+ 2
By formula: C5H12O3 + H2O = C3H6O2 + 2CH4O
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -26.3 ± 2.7 | kJ/mol | Cm | Hine and Klueppet, 1974 | liquid phase; ALS |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Frolova and Petrov, 1991
Frolova, E.I.; Petrov, A.A.,
Chemical equilibrium in the system formic acid-ethanol-ethyl formate-water,
J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1991, 64, 2361-2365. [all data]
Hine and Klueppet, 1974
Hine, J.; Klueppet, A.W.,
Structural effects on rates and equilibria. XVIII. Thermodynamic stability of ortho esters,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 2924-2929. [all data]
Fuchs, 1979
Fuchs, R.,
Heat capacities of some liquid aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic esters at 298.15 K,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1979, 11, 959-961. [all data]
Kurnakov and Voskresenskaya, 1936
Kurnakov, N.S.; Voskresenskaya, N.K.,
Calorimetry of liquid binary systems, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR,
Otdel. Mat. i Estestv. Nauk. Ser. Khim, 1936, 1936, 439-461. [all data]
Kolosovskii and Udovenko, 1934
Kolosovskii, N.A.; Udovenko, W.W.,
Specific heat of liquids. II.,
Zhur. Obshchei Khim., 1934, 4, 1027-1033. [all data]
de Kolossowsky and Udowenko, 1933
de Kolossowsky, N.A.; Udowenko, W.W.,
Mesure des chaleurs specifique moleculaires de quelques liquides,
Compt. rend., 1933, 197, 519-520. [all data]
Larson and McMahon, 1982
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B.,
Formation, Thermochemistry, and Relative Stabilities of Proton - Bound dimers of Oxygen n - Donor Bases from Ion Cyclotron Resonance Solvent - Exchange Equilibria Measurements,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 23, 6255, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00387a016
. [all data]
Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973
Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P.,
Gas Phase Ion Equilibria Studies of the Solvation of the Hydrogen Ion by Methanol, Dimethyl Ether and Water. Effect of Hydrogen Bonding,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 24, 7939, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00805a002
. [all data]
Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984
Lias, S.G.; Liebman, J.F.; Levin, R.D.,
Evaluated gas phase basicities and proton affinities of molecules heats of formation of protonated molecules,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1984, 13, 695. [all data]
Keesee and Castleman, 1986
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr.,
Thermochemical data on Ggs-phase ion-molecule association and clustering reactions,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1011. [all data]
Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989
Sieck, L.W.; Meot-ner, M.,
Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 8. RS-..HOR Bond Strengths. Correlation with Acidities.,
J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 4, 1586, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100341a079
. [all data]
Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984
Caldwell, G.; Kebarle, P.,
Binding energies and structural effects in halide anion-ROH and -RCOOH complexes from gas phase equilibria measurements,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 967. [all data]
Guthrie and Pike, 1987
Guthrie, J.P.; Pike, D.C.,
Hydration of acylimidazoles: tetrahedral intermediates in acylimidazole hydrolysis and nucleophilic attack by imidazole on esters. The question of concerted mechanisms for acyl transfers,
Can. J. Chem., 1987, 65, 1951-1969. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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