Geranyl isovalerate
- Formula: C15H26O2
- Molecular weight: 238.3657
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: SOUKTGNMIRUIQN-NTEUORMPSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 109-20-6
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Species with the same structure:
- Stereoisomers:
- Other names: Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl ester, (E)-; 2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, isovalerate, (E)-; Butyric acid, 3-methyl-, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl ester, (E)-; trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl isopentanoate; Isovaleric acid, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl ester, (E)-; Geranyl 3-methylbutanoate; Geranyl isopentanoate; (2E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl 3-methylbutanoate
- Information on this page:
- Options:
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.
Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center |
NIST MS number | 413709 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1604. | Asuming, Beauchamp, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min |
Capillary | BP-1 | 1582. | Rajeswara Rao, Kaul, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min, 245. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 60. C |
Capillary | BP-1 | 1582. | Rao, Kaul, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min, 245. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 60. C |
Capillary | Cross-Linked Methylsilicone | 1585. | Rajeswara Rao, Kaul, et al., 2002 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 280. C |
Capillary | BP-1 | 1579. | Jain, Aggarwal, et al., 2001 | 25. m/0.55 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; Tstart: 60. C |
Capillary | BP-1 | 1583. | Rao, Sastry, et al., 2000 | 25. m/0.50 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 60. C |
Capillary | BP-1 | 1578. | Kulkarni, Mallavarapu, et al., 1998 | N2, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 1580. | Mallavarapu, Rao, et al., 1998 | N2, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C |
Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1880. | Kulkarni, Mallavarapu, et al., 1998 | N2, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1923. | Mallavarapu, Rao, et al., 1998 | N2, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1913. | Randriamiharisoa and Gaydou, 1987 | He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 210. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | SPB-1 | 1573. | Blagojevic, Radulovic, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1582. | Blagojevic, Radulovic, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1597. | Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 1605. | Píry, Príbela, et al., 1995 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.3 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1610.7 | Andriamaharavo, 2014 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C (1 min) => 5 C/min => 210C => 10 C/min => 280C (15 min) |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1898. | Píry, Príbela, et al., 1995 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 170. C @ 20. min |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | SPB-5 | 1605. | Raal, Orav, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 1585. | Sonboli, Kanani, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 60. C |
Capillary | NB-30 | 1585. | Orav, Raal, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | NB-30 | 1590. | Orav, Raal, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 1590. | Hamilton, Hall, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 60. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1606. | Ghannadi, Sajjadi, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 275. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 1605. | Kuiate, Bessière, et al., 2002 | He, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | BP-1 | 1588. | Gupta, Mallavarapu, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 1600. | Stashenko, Puertas, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2.5 K/min; Tend: 250. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-5 MS | 1606. | Sharopov, Sulaimonova, et al., 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (10 min) 3 0C/min -> 200 0C 2 0C/min -> 220 0C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 1591. | Delort and Jaquier, 2009 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (5 min) 3 0C/min -> 120 0C 5 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min) 15 0C/min -> 300 0C (20 min) |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1613. | Zhao, Li, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 7 oC/min -> 160 0C 9 0C/min -> 200 0C 20 0C/min -> 280 0C (10 min) |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1588. | Yasar, Üçüncü, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(5min) => 3C/min => 120C (2min) => 2C/min => 200C (2min) => 3C/min => 320C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 1590. | Miguel, Simões, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C => 3C/min => 175C => 15C/min => 300C (10min) |
Capillary | SE-30 | 1593. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1910. | Raal, Orav, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | NB-20M | 1877. | Orav, Raal, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1925. | Hamilton, Hall, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 60. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | Innowax | 1893. | Suleimenov, Atazharova, et al., 2003 | He, 60. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Innowax | 1904. | Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | HP-Innowax | 1904. | Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999, 2 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1919. | Stashenko, Puertas, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2.5 K/min; Tend: 180. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP Innowax FSP | 1893. | Tabanca N., Demirci B., et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C |
Capillary | HP-Innowax FSC | 1924. | Suleimenov Y.M., Atazhanova G.A., et al., 2006 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1895. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Asuming, Beauchamp, et al., 2005
Asuming, W.A.; Beauchamp, P.S.; Descalzo, J.T.; Dev, B.C.; Dev, V.; Frost, S.; Ma, C.W.,
Essential oil composition of four Lomatium Raf. species and their chemotaxonomy,
Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 1, 17-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.06.005
. [all data]
Rajeswara Rao, Kaul, et al., 2005
Rajeswara Rao, B.R.; Kaul, P.N.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Ramesh, S.,
Chemical profiles of primary and secondary essential oils of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats var. motia Burk.),
Ind. Crops Prod., 2005, 21, 1, 121-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.02.002
. [all data]
Rao, Kaul, et al., 2005
Rao, B.R.R.; Kaul, P.N.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Ramesh, S.,
Chemical profiles of primary and secondary essential oils of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats var. motia Burk.),
Ind. Crops Prod., 2005, 21, 1, 121-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.02.002
. [all data]
Rajeswara Rao, Kaul, et al., 2002
Rajeswara Rao, B.R.; Kaul, P.N.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Ramesh, S.,
Water soluble fractions of rose scented geranium (Pelargonium species) essential oil,
Bioresour. Technol., 2002, 84, 3, 243-246, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00057-3
. [all data]
Jain, Aggarwal, et al., 2001
Jain, N.; Aggarwal, K.K.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Srivastava, S.K.; Kumar, S.,
Essential oil composition of geranium (Pelargonium sp.) from the plains of Northern India,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 1, 44-46, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200101/02)16:1<44::AID-FFJ943>3.0.CO;2-X
. [all data]
Rao, Sastry, et al., 2000
Rao, B.R.R.; Sastry, K.P.; Saleem, S.M.; Rao, E.V.S.P.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Ramesh, S.,
Volatile flower oils of three genotypes of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.),
Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 2, 105-107, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(200003/04)15:2<105::AID-FFJ875>3.0.CO;2-G
. [all data]
Kulkarni, Mallavarapu, et al., 1998
Kulkarni, R.N.; Mallavarapu, G.R.; Baskaran, K.; Ramesch, S.; Kumar, S.,
Composition of the essential oils of two isomenthone-rich variants of geranium (Pelargonium sp.),
Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 6, 389-392, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199811/12)13:6<389::AID-FFJ757>3.0.CO;2-2
. [all data]
Mallavarapu, Rao, et al., 1998
Mallavarapu, G.R.; Rao, B.R.R.; Kaul, P.N.; Ramesh, S.; Bhattacharya, A.K.,
Volatile constituents of the essential oils of the seeds and the herb of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. motia Burk.),
Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 3, 167-169, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199805/06)13:3<167::AID-FFJ719>3.0.CO;2-B
. [all data]
Randriamiharisoa and Gaydou, 1987
Randriamiharisoa, R.P.; Gaydou, E.M.,
Composition of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) essential oil from Madagascar,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 1, 62-66, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00073a015
. [all data]
Blagojevic, Radulovic, et al., 2006
Blagojevic, P.; Radulovic, N.; Palic, R.; Stojanovic, G.,
Chemical composition of the essential oils of Serbian wild-growing Srtemisia absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 13, 4780-4789, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060123o
. [all data]
Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006
Saroglou, V.; Dorizas, N.; Kypriotakis, Z.; Skaltsa, H.D.,
Analysis of the essential oil composition of eight Anthemis species from Greece,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1104, 1-2, 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.087
. [all data]
Píry, Príbela, et al., 1995
Píry, J.; Príbela, A.; Durcanská, J.; Farkas, P.,
Fractionation of volatiles from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) by different extractive methods,
Food Chem., 1995, 54, 1, 73-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(95)92665-7
. [all data]
Andriamaharavo, 2014
Andriamaharavo, N.R.,
Retention Data. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center., NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 2014. [all data]
Raal, Orav, et al., 2007
Raal, A.; Orav, A.; Arak, E.; Kailas, T.; Müürisepp, M.,
Variation in the composition of the essential oil of Valeriana officinalis L. roots from Estonia,
Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Chem., 2007, 56, 2, 67-74. [all data]
Sonboli, Kanani, et al., 2007
Sonboli, A.; Kanani, M.R.; Yousefzadi, M.; Mojarrad, M.,
Biological activity and composition of the essential oil of Tetrataenium nephrophyllum (Apiaceae) from Iran,
Natural Product Communications, 2007, 2, 12, 1249-1252. [all data]
Orav, Raal, et al., 2006
Orav, A.; Raal, A.; Arak, E.; Müürisepp, M.; Kailas, T.,
Composition of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium L. of different geographical origin,
Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Chem., 2006, 55, 3, 155-165. [all data]
Hamilton, Hall, et al., 2005
Hamilton, J.G.C.; Hall, D.R.; Kirk, W.D.J.,
Identification of a male-produced aggregation pheromone in the western flower thrips,
J. Chem. Ecol., 2005, 31, 6, 1369-1379, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-1351-z
. [all data]
Ghannadi, Sajjadi, et al., 2002
Ghannadi, A.; Sajjadi, S.E.; Beigihasan, A.,
Composition of the essential oil of Ferula ovina (Boiss.) Boiss. from Iran,
DARU, 2002, 10, 4, 165-167, retrieved from http://www1.tums.ac.ir/daru/Daru4%202002/Ghannadi.PDF. [all data]
Kuiate, Bessière, et al., 2002
Kuiate, J.-R.; Bessière, J.-M.; Zollo, P.-H.A.,
Composition of the essential oils from three Laggera Spp. from Cameroon,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 2, 105-108, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1057
. [all data]
Gupta, Mallavarapu, et al., 2001
Gupta, R.; Mallavarapu, G.R.; Banerjee, S.; Kumar, S.,
Characteristics of an isomenthone-rich somaclonal mutant isolated in a geraniol-rich rose-scented geranium accession of Pelargonium graveolens,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 5, 319-324, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1002
. [all data]
Stashenko, Puertas, et al., 1996
Stashenko, E.E.; Puertas, M.A.; Combariza, M.Y.,
Volatile secondary metabolites from Spilanthes americana obtained by simultaneous steam distillation--solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction,
J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 752, 1-2, 223-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00480-3
. [all data]
Sharopov, Sulaimonova, et al., 2012
Sharopov, F.S.; Sulaimonova, V.A.; Setzer, W.N.,
Composition of the essential oil of Ertemisia absinthium from Tajikistan,
Rec. Nat. Prod., 2012, 6, 2, 127-134. [all data]
Delort and Jaquier, 2009
Delort, E.; Jaquier, A.,
Novel terpenyl esters from Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica) peel extract,
Flav. Fragr. J., 2009, 24, 3, 123-132, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1922
. [all data]
Zhao, Li, et al., 2008
Zhao, Y.; Li, J.; Xu, Y.; Duan, H.; Fan, W.; Zhao, G.,
EXtraction, preparation and identification of volatile compounds in Changyu XO brandy,
Chinese J. Chromatogr., 2008, 26, 2, 212-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2059(08)60014-0
. [all data]
Yasar, Üçüncü, et al., 2005
Yasar, A.; Üçüncü, O.; Güleç, C.; Inceer, H.; Ayaz, S.; Yayh, N.,
GC-MS analysis of chloroform extracts in flowers, stems, and roots of Tripleurospermum callosum,
Pharm. Biol., 2005, 43, 2, 108-112, https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200590919384
. [all data]
Miguel, Simões, et al., 2004
Miguel, G.; Simões, M.; Figueiredo, A.C.; Barroso, J.G.; Pedro, L.G.; Carvalho, L.,
Composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Thymus caespititius, Thymus camphoratus and Thymus mastichina,
Food Chem., 2004, 86, 2, 183-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.08.031
. [all data]
Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A.,
Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]
Suleimenov, Atazharova, et al., 2003
Suleimenov, E.M.; Atazharova, G.A.; Demirchi, B.; Baser, K.H.C.; Adekenov, S.M.,
Essential oil composition of Artemisia Lercheana and A. Sieversiana of Kazakhstan flora
in Recent problems of development of new medicines of natural origin, Proceedings of symposium, St.Petersburg - Pushkin, 2003, 382-385. [all data]
Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999
Kaya, A.; Baser, K.H.C.; Demirci, B.; Koca, F.,
The essential oil of Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench growing in Turkey,
Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 1, 55-59, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199901/02)14:1<55::AID-FFJ784>3.0.CO;2-Q
. [all data]
Kaya, Baser, et al., 1999, 2
Kaya, A.; Baser, K.H.C.; Tümen, G.; Koca, F.,
The essential oil of Acinos suaveolens (Sm.) G. Don fil. Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy and Acinos rotundifolius Pers. growing wild in Turkey,
Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 1, 60-64, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199901/02)14:1<60::AID-FFJ785>3.0.CO;2-0
. [all data]
Tabanca N., Demirci B., et al., 2007
Tabanca N.; Demirci B.; Crockett S.L.; Baser K.H.C.; Wedge D.E.,
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Arnica longifolia, Aster hesperius, and Chrysothamnus nauseosus essential oils,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 21, 8430-8435, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071379c
. [all data]
Suleimenov Y.M., Atazhanova G.A., et al., 2006
Suleimenov Y.M.; Atazhanova G.A.; Ozek T.; Demirci B.; Kulyyasov A.T.; Adekenov S.M.; Baser K.H.C.,
Essential oil composition of three species of Achillea from Kazakhstan,
Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2006, 37, 5, 447-450, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014471326724
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References
- Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.