Benzene, chloro-

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas13.01kcal/molCcrPlatonov and Simulin, 1985 

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid2.74 ± 0.25kcal/molCcrKolesov, Tomareva, et al., 1967Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = 2.82 kcal/mol; ALS
Δfliquid2.55 ± 0.19kcal/molCcbHubbard, Knowlton, et al., 1954ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-743.9 ± 0.2kcal/molCcrPlatonov and Simulin, 1985ALS
Δcliquid-743.48 ± 0.24kcal/molCcrKolesov, Tomareva, et al., 1967ALS
Δcliquid-743.04 ± 0.19kcal/molCcbHubbard, Knowlton, et al., 1954ALS
Δcliquid-743.7 ± 2.0kcal/molCcbSmith, Bjellerup, et al., 1953Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -742.64 kcal/mol; ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid47.20cal/mol*KN/AStull, 1937Extrapolation below 91 K, 44.02 J/mol*K.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
36.35298.15Shehatta, 1993DH
36.754298.15Perez-Casas, Aicart, et al., 1988DH
35.99303.15Reddy, 1986T = 303.15, 313.15 K.; DH
36.0390298.15Fortier and Benson, 1977DH
35.30298.Deshpande and Bhatagadde, 1971T = 298 to 318 K.; DH
37.60305.6Phillip, 1939DH
35.870298.1Stull, 1937T = 90 to 320 K.; DH
34.80293.2Williams and Daniels, 1925T = 20 to 80°C.; DH
33.70298.von Reis, 1881T = 294 to 425 K.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Cp,solid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
25.41216.8Andrews and Haworth, 1928T = 101 to 217 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Chlorine anion + Benzene, chloro- = (Chlorine anion • Benzene, chloro-)

By formula: Cl- + C6H5Cl = (Cl- • C6H5Cl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.00 ± 0.10kcal/molTDAsSieck, 1985gas phase; B,M
Δr13.6 ± 1.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,B,M
Δr12.6kcal/molPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr16.5cal/mol*KPHPMSSieck, 1985gas phase; M
Δr22.4cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr7.10 ± 0.20kcal/molTDAsSieck, 1985gas phase; B
Δr6.9 ± 1.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,B,M
Δr6.50kcal/molTDEqFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
6.6300.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
6.5300.PHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M

C6H4Cl- + Hydrogen cation = Benzene, chloro-

By formula: C6H4Cl- + H+ = C6H5Cl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr391.0 ± 1.9kcal/molBranWenthold and Squires, 1995gas phase; B
Δr390.2 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSWenthold and Squires, 1994gas phase; between furan, pyridine; B
Δr390.2 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSWenthold, Paulino, et al., 1991gas phase; Between H2O, furan. Wenthold and Squires, 1994 indicates isomerization occuring.; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr382.8 ± 2.0kcal/molH-TSWenthold and Squires, 1995gas phase; B
Δr382.0 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRBWenthold and Squires, 1994gas phase; between furan, pyridine; B
Δr382.0 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRBWenthold, Paulino, et al., 1991gas phase; Between H2O, furan. Wenthold and Squires, 1994 indicates isomerization occuring.; B

C6H4Cl- + Hydrogen cation = Benzene, chloro-

By formula: C6H4Cl- + H+ = C6H5Cl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr394.4 ± 1.3kcal/molBranWenthold and Squires, 1995gas phase; B
Δr389.7 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSWenthold and Squires, 1994gas phase; between furan, pyridine; B
Δr389.7 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSWenthold, Paulino, et al., 1991gas phase; Between H2O, furan. Wenthold and Squires, 1994 indicates isomerization occuring.; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr386.6 ± 1.4kcal/molH-TSWenthold and Squires, 1995gas phase; B
Δr382.0 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRBWenthold and Squires, 1994gas phase; between furan, pyridine; B
Δr382.0 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRBWenthold, Paulino, et al., 1991gas phase; Between H2O, furan. Wenthold and Squires, 1994 indicates isomerization occuring.; B

C6H4Cl- + Hydrogen cation = Benzene, chloro-

By formula: C6H4Cl- + H+ = C6H5Cl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr386.7 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSAndrade and Riveros, 1996gas phase; B
Δr388.2 ± 2.0kcal/molBranWenthold and Squires, 1995gas phase; B
Δr387.7 ± 3.1kcal/molG+TSWenthold, Paulino, et al., 1991gas phase; Between PhF, furan; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr378.5 ± 2.0kcal/molIMREAndrade and Riveros, 1996gas phase; B
Δr380.0 ± 2.1kcal/molH-TSWenthold and Squires, 1995gas phase; B
Δr379.5 ± 3.0kcal/molIMRBWenthold, Paulino, et al., 1991gas phase; Between PhF, furan; B
Δr379.0 ± 5.0kcal/molIMRBBartmess and McIver Jr., 1979gas phase; Between H2O, MeOH; B

Bromine anion + Benzene, chloro- = (Bromine anion • Benzene, chloro-)

By formula: Br- + C6H5Cl = (Br- • C6H5Cl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.1 ± 1.8kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 303 K, corrected to 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of PhNO2..Br-; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.6 ± 1.0kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 303 K, corrected to 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of PhNO2..Br-; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
2.6423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C6H7N+ + Benzene, chloro- = (C6H7N+ • Benzene, chloro-)

By formula: C6H7N+ + C6H5Cl = (C6H7N+ • C6H5Cl)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.7kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.cal/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
4.0297.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C9H12+ + Benzene, chloro- = (C9H12+ • Benzene, chloro-)

By formula: C9H12+ + C6H5Cl = (C9H12+ • C6H5Cl)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.4kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr27.cal/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
2.9300.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Nitric oxide anion + Benzene, chloro- = (Nitric oxide anion • Benzene, chloro-)

By formula: NO- + C6H5Cl = (NO- • C6H5Cl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr38.5kcal/molICRReents and Freiser, 1981gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M

Benzene, chloro- + 1-Chloro-2,4-diisopropylbenzene = Benzene, 1-chloro-2-(1-methylethyl)- + Benzene, 1-chloro-4-(1-methylethyl)-

By formula: C6H5Cl + C12H17Cl = C9H11Cl + C9H11Cl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-0.20 ± 0.10kcal/molEqkNesterova, Rozhnov, et al., 1985liquid phase; ALS

Benzene, chloro- + 2,4-Di-t-butyl chlorobenzene = 1-Chloro-4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)benzene + Benzene, 1-tert-butyl-2-chloro-

By formula: C6H5Cl + C14H21Cl = C10H13Cl + C10H13Cl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-0.06 ± 0.17kcal/molEqkKovzel, Nesterova, et al., 1981liquid phase; ALS

Benzene, 1-chloro-2-(1-methylethyl)- + Benzene = Benzene, chloro- + Benzene, (1-methylethyl)-

By formula: C9H11Cl + C6H6 = C6H5Cl + C9H12

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-0.14 ± 0.10kcal/molEqkNesterova, Rozhnov, et al., 1985liquid phase; ALS

Benzene, chloro- + Benzene, 1-chloro-3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- = 2m-Tert-butyl chlorobenzene

By formula: C6H5Cl + C14H21Cl = 2C10H13Cl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0. ± 0.02kcal/molEqkKovzel, Nesterova, et al., 1981liquid phase; ALS

Benzene + Chlorine = Benzene, chloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C6H6 + Cl2 = C6H5Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-32.0kcal/molCmKirkbride, 1956liquid phase; ALS

Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

kH(T) = H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

H (mol/(kg*bar)) d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) Method Reference Comment
0.273800.LN/A 
0.26 MN/A 
0.321900.XN/A 
0.22 QN/A missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species.
0.244700.XN/A 
0.262700.XN/A 
0.252100.XN/A 
0.303500.XLeighton and Calo, 1981 
0.29 LN/A 
0.32 MN/A 
0.294200.XN/A 
0.27 MMackay, Shiu, et al., 1979 
0.27 TMackay, Shiu, et al., 1979 
0.22 VN/A 
0.294600.MN/A 

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Platonov and Simulin, 1985
Platonov, V.A.; Simulin, Yu.N., Determination of the standard enthalpies of formation of polychlorobenzenes. III. The standard enthalpies of formation of mono-1,2,4- and 1,3,5-tri-, and 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzenes, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1985, 59, 179-181. [all data]

Kolesov, Tomareva, et al., 1967
Kolesov, V.P.; Tomareva, E.M.; Skuratov, S.M.; Alekhin, S.P., Calorimeter having a rotating bomb for determining heats of combustion of chlorinated organic compounds, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1967, 41, 817-820. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Hubbard, Knowlton, et al., 1954
Hubbard, W.N.; Knowlton, J.W.; Huffman, H.M., Combustion calorimetry of organic chlorine compounds. Heats of combustion of chlorobenzene, the dichlorobenzenes and o- and p-chloroethylbenzene, J. Phys. Chem., 1954, 58, 396. [all data]

Smith, Bjellerup, et al., 1953
Smith, L.; Bjellerup, L.; Krook, S.; Westermark, H., Heats of combustion of organic chloro compounds determined by the "quartz wool" method, Acta Chem. Scand., 1953, 7, 65. [all data]

Stull, 1937
Stull, D.R., A semi-micro calorimeter for measuring heat capacities at low temperatures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 2726-2733. [all data]

Shehatta, 1993
Shehatta, I., Heat capacity at constant pressure of some halogen compounds, Thermochim. Acta, 1993, 213, 1-10. [all data]

Perez-Casas, Aicart, et al., 1988
Perez-Casas, S.; Aicart, E.; Trojo, L.M.; Costas, M., Excess heat capacity. Chlorobenzene-2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane, Int. Data Ser., Sel. Data Mixtures, 1988, (2)A, 123. [all data]

Reddy, 1986
Reddy, K.S., Isentropic compressibilities of binary liquid mixtures at 303.15 and 313.15 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1986, 31, 238-240. [all data]

Fortier and Benson, 1977
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C., Excess heat capacities of binary mixtures of tetrachloromethane witlh some aromatic liquids at 298.15 K, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1977, 9, 1181-1188. [all data]

Deshpande and Bhatagadde, 1971
Deshpande, D.D.; Bhatagadde, L.G., Heat capacities at constant volume, free volumes, and rotational freedom in some liquids, Aust. J. Chem., 1971, 24, 1817-1822. [all data]

Phillip, 1939
Phillip, N.M., Adiabatic and isothermal compressibilities of liquids, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 1939, A9, 109-120. [all data]

Williams and Daniels, 1925
Williams, J.W.; Daniels, F., The specific heats of binary mixtures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 1490-1503. [all data]

von Reis, 1881
von Reis, M.A., Die specifische Wärme flüssiger organischer Verbindungen und ihre Beziehung zu deren Moleculargewicht, Ann. Physik [3], 1881, 13, 447-464. [all data]

Andrews and Haworth, 1928
Andrews, D.H.; Haworth, E., An application of the rule of Dulong and Petit to molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1928, 50, 2998-3002. [all data]

Sieck, 1985
Sieck, L.W., Thermochemistry of Solvation of NO2- and C6H5NO2- by Polar Molecules in the Vapor Phase. Comparison with Cl- and Variation with Ligand Structure., J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 25, 5552, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100271a049 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates, Can. J. Chem., 1984, 62, 675. [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1991
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of Complexes of Br- with Substituted Benzenes (SB) Based on Determinations of the Gas-Phase Equilibria Br- + SB = (BrSB)-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 4, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a014 . [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl- = RHCl-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Wenthold and Squires, 1995
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R., Determination of the gas-phase acidities of halogen-substituted aromatic compounds using the silane-cleavage method, J. Mass Spectrom., 1995, 30, 1, 17, https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190300105 . [all data]

Wenthold and Squires, 1994
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R., Gas-phase properties and reactivity of the acetate radical anion. Determination of the C-H bond strengths in acetic acid and acetate ion, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 26, 11890, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00105a032 . [all data]

Wenthold, Paulino, et al., 1991
Wenthold, P.G.; Paulino, J.A.; Squires, R.R., The Absolute Heats of Formation of ortho-Benzyne, meta-Benzyne, and para-Benzyne, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 19, 7414, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00019a044 . [all data]

Andrade and Riveros, 1996
Andrade, P.B.M.; Riveros, J.M., Relative Gas-phase Acidities of Fluoro- and Chlorobenzene, J. Mass Spectrom., 1996, 31, 7, 767, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199607)31:7<767::AID-JMS345>3.0.CO;2-Q . [all data]

Bartmess and McIver Jr., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; McIver Jr., The Gas Phase Acidity Scale in Gas Phase Ion Chemistry, Gas Phase Ion Chemistry, V. 2, M.T. Bowers, Ed., Academic Press, NY, 1979, Ch. 11, Elsevier, 1979. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; El-Shall, M.S., Ionic Charge Transfer Complexes. 1. Cationic Complexes with Delocalized and Partially Localized pi Systems, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 15, 4386, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00275a026 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Hamlet, P.; Hunter, E.P.; Field, F.H., Bonding Energies in Association Ions of Aromatic Molecules. Correlations with Ionization Energies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 17, 5466, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00485a034 . [all data]

Reents and Freiser, 1981
Reents, W.D.; Freiser, B.S., Gas-Phase Binding Energies and Spectroscopic Properties of NO+ Charge-Transfer Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 2791. [all data]

Farid and McMahon, 1978
Farid, R.; McMahon, T.B., Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Reactions of Alkyl Nitrites by Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectroscopy, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 27, 2, 163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(78)80037-0 . [all data]

Nesterova, Rozhnov, et al., 1985
Nesterova, T.N.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Malova, T.N.; Kovzel, E.N., Molar enthalpies of formation of isopropylchlorobenzenes derived from equilibrium measurements, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1985, 17, 649-656. [all data]

Kovzel, Nesterova, et al., 1981
Kovzel, E.N.; Nesterova, T.N.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Kartavtseva, T.A., Study of equilibrium in in the chlorobenzene-butylchlorobenzenes systems, Termodin. Organ. Soedin., 1981, 65-68. [all data]

Kirkbride, 1956
Kirkbride, F.W., The heats of chlorination of some hydrocarbons and their chloro-derivatives, J. Appl. Chem., 1956, 6, 11-21. [all data]

Leighton and Calo, 1981
Leighton, D.T.; Calo, J.M., Distribution Coefficients of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Dilute Air-Water Systems for Groundwater Contamination Applications, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1981, 26, 382-385. [all data]

Mackay, Shiu, et al., 1979
Mackay, D.; Shiu, W.-Y.; Sutherland, R.P., Determination of Air-Water Henry's Law Constants for Hydrophobic Pollutants, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1979, 13, 333-337. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, References