2-Butenal, 3-methyl-
- Formula: C5H8O
- Molecular weight: 84.1164
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C5H8O/c1-5(2)3-4-6/h3-4H,1-2H3
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: SEPQTYODOKLVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 107-86-8
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Crotonaldehyde, 3-methyl-; β-Methylcrotonaldehyde; β,β-Dimethylacrolein; Prenal; Senecialdehyde; Senecioaldehyde; 3-Methyl-2-butenal; 3-Methylcrotonaldehyde; 3,3-Dimethylacrolein; 3-Methylbut-2-enal; 3-Methyl-2-butenaldehyde; NSC 149164; β,β-Dimethylacrylic aldehyde; 3-methyl-2-butenal (prenal)
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Options:
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated by: Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proton affinity (review) | 204.8 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| Gas basicity | 197.2 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 |
Ion clustering data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Robert C. Dunbar
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
+
= (
•
)
By formula: Na+ + C5H8O = (Na+ • C5H8O)
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26.0 | 298. | IMRE | McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000 | Anchor alanine=39.89 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-Petro | 748.4 | Pang T., Zhu S., et al., 2007 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 270. C |
| Capillary | DB-Petro | 748.4 | Pang T., Zhu S., et al., 2007 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 270. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 783.3 | Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 737. | Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min |
| Capillary | BPX-5 | 800. | Aaslyng, Elmore, et al., 1998 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 280. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-5 | 796. | Sampaio and Nogueira, 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 4C/min => 220C => 20C/min => 280C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 758. | Engel, Baty, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 5C(5min) => 3C/min => 20C => 5C/min => 100C 15C/min => 150C (5min) |
| Capillary | CP-Sil 8CB-MS | 791. | Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 0C(5min) => 40C/min => 40C (2min) => 4C/min => 280C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 753. | Eri, Khoo, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: -20C (5min) => 10C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 200C => 10C/min => 280C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 744. | Boulanger, Chassagne, et al., 1999 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 40C(5min) => 2C/min => 220C => 5C/min => 250C(15min) |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1189. | Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006 | 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1202. | Chung, Yung, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1202. | Chung, Yung, et al., 2001 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min |
| Capillary | EC-WAX | 1215. | le Guen, Prost, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1212. | Le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1215. | Le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 1200. | Chung, 1999 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min |
| Capillary | FFAP | 1230. | Ott, Fay, et al., 1997 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 1. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1221. | Ott, Fay, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 20. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1222. | Ott, Fay, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 20. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1220.5 | Ott, Fay, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 20. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-5 MS | 791. | Majcher, Lawrowski, et al., 2010 | 25. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 781. | Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 70. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 790. | Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 70. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 782. | Kim and Chung, 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 30. min |
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 790. | Forero, Quijano, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 781. | Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min |
| Capillary | Ultra-2 | 753. | King, Hamilton, et al., 1993 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | SLB-5 MS | 780. | Mondello, 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SLB-5 MS | 791. | Mondello, 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | Siloxane, 5 % Ph | 781. | VOC BinBase, 2012 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 782. | Nance and Setzer, 2011 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (10 min) 3 0C/min -> 200 0C 2 0C/min -> 220 0C |
| Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane, 5 % phenyl | 781. | Skogerson, Wohlgemuth, et al., 2011 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SLB-5 MS | 780. | Costa, De Fina, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 3 0C/min -> 250 0C (1 min) 10 0C/min -> 300 0C (5 min) |
| Capillary | SLB-5 MS | 778. | Costa, De Fina, et al., 2008 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 755. | Barra, Baldovini, et al., 2007 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 2C/min => 200C => 15C/min => 250C (30min) |
| Capillary | DB-5 MS | 788. | Cajka, Hajslova, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (0.75 min) 10 0C/min -> 200 0C 30 0C/min -> 245 0C (1.25 min) |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 787. | Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C(5min) |
| Capillary | BPX-5 | 784. | Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250 C (10min) |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1199. | Kishimoto, Wanikawa, et al., 2006 | 15. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 40. C |
| Capillary | RTX-Wax | 1233. | Galindo-Cuspinera, Lubran, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 180. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1206. | Werkhoff, Güntert, et al., 1998 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1236. | Kadar, Juan-Borras, et al., 2010 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 4 0C/min -> 190 0C (11 min) 8 0C/min -> 220 0C (8 min) |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000
McMahon, T.B.; Ohanessian, G.,
An Experimental and Ab Initio Study of the Nature of the Binding in Gas-Phase Complexes of Sodium Ions,
Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6, 16, 2931, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20000818)6:16<2931::AID-CHEM2931>3.0.CO;2-7
. [all data]
Pang T., Zhu S., et al., 2007
Pang T.; Zhu S.; Lu X.; Xu G.,
Identification of unknown compounds on the basis of retention index data in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography,
J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 30, 6, 868-874, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600471
. [all data]
Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J.,
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003
. [all data]
Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Bello, A.,
Volatile compounds of Psidium salutare (H.B.K.) Berg. fruit,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 18, 5146-5148, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0116303
. [all data]
Aaslyng, Elmore, et al., 1998
Aaslyng, M.D.; Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S.,
Comparison of the aroma characteristics of acid-hydrolyzed and enzyme-hydrolyzed vegetable proteins produced from soy,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 12, 5225-5231, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9806816
. [all data]
Sampaio and Nogueira, 2006
Sampaio, T.S.; Nogueira, P.C.L.,
Volatile components of mangaba fruit (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) at three stages of maturity,
Food Chem., 2006, 95, 4, 606-610, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.01.038
. [all data]
Engel, Baty, et al., 2002
Engel, E.; Baty, C.; le Corre, D.; Souchon, I.; Martin, N.,
Flavor-active compounds potentially implicated in cooked cauliflower acceptance,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 22, 6459-6467, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025579u
. [all data]
Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000
Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S.; Enser, M.; Wood, J.D.,
The effects of diet and breed on the volatile compounds of cooked lamb,
Meat Sci., 2000, 55, 2, 149-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(99)00137-0
. [all data]
Eri, Khoo, et al., 2000
Eri, S.; Khoo, B.K.; Lech, J.; Hartman, T.G.,
Direct thermal desorption-gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) essential oils in support of varietal characterization,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 4, 1140-1149, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9911850
. [all data]
Boulanger, Chassagne, et al., 1999
Boulanger, R.; Chassagne, D.; Crouzet, J.,
Free and bound flavour components of amazonian fruits. 1: Bacuri,
Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 5, 303-311, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199909/10)14:5<303::AID-FFJ834>3.0.CO;2-C
. [all data]
Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006
Mahadevan, K.; Farmer, L.,
Key Odor Impact Compounds in Three Yeast Extract Pastes,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 19, 7242-7250, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061102x
. [all data]
Chung, Yung, et al., 2002
Chung, H.-Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Ma, W.C.J.; Kim, J.-S.,
Analysis of volatile components in frozen and dried scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry,
Food Res. Int., 2002, 35, 1, 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00107-7
. [all data]
Chung, Yung, et al., 2001
Chung, H.Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Kim, J.-S.,
Comparison of volatile components in dried scallops (Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis) prepared by boiling and steaming methods,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 1, 192-202, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000692a
. [all data]
le Guen, Prost, et al., 2001
le Guen, S.; Prost, C.; Demaimay, M.,
Evaluation of the representativeness of the odor of cooked mussel extracts and the relationship between sensory descriptors and potent odorants,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 3, 1321-1327, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000781n
. [all data]
Le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000
Le Guen, S.; Prost, C.; Demaimay, M.,
Characterization of odorant compounds of mussels (Mytilus edulis) according to their origin using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 896, 1-2, 361-371, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00729-9
. [all data]
Chung, 1999
Chung, H.Y.,
Volatile components in crabmeats of Charybdis feriatus,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 6, 2280-2287, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981027t
. [all data]
Ott, Fay, et al., 1997
Ott, A.; Fay, L.B.; Chaintreau, A.,
Determination and origin of the aroma impact compounds of yogurt flavor,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 3, 850-858, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960508e
. [all data]
Majcher, Lawrowski, et al., 2010
Majcher, M.; Lawrowski, P.; Jelen, H.,
Comparison of original and adulterated oscypek cheese based on volatile and sensory profiles,
Acta Sci. Pol. Technol. Aliment., 2010, 9, 3, 265-275. [all data]
Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Blagojevic, P.; Palic, R.,
Comparative study of the leaf volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae),
Molecules, 2010, 15, 9, 6168-6185, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168
. [all data]
Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Dordevic, N.; Markovic, M.; Palic, R.,
Volatile constituents of Glechoma Hirsuta Waldst. Kit. and G. Hederacea L. (Lamiaceae),
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 2010, 24, 1, 67-76, https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v24i1.52962
. [all data]
Kim and Chung, 2009
Kim, J.-S.; Chung, H.Y.,
GC-MS analysis of the volatile components in dried boxthorn (Lycium chimensis) Fruit,
J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem., 2009, 52, 5, 516-524, https://doi.org/10.3839/jksabc.2009.088
. [all data]
Forero, Quijano, et al., 2008
Forero, M.D.; Quijano, C.E.; Pino, J.A.,
Volatile compounds of Chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum) at two ripening stages,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2008, 24, 1, 25-30, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1913
. [all data]
Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Fuentes, V.,
Characterization of volatiles in Bullock's heart (Annona reticulata L.) fruit cultivars from Cuba,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 13, 3836-3839, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020733y
. [all data]
King, Hamilton, et al., 1993
King, M.-F.; Hamilton, B.L.; Matthews, M.A.; Rule, D.C.; Field, R.A.,
Isolation and identification of volatiles and condensable material in raw beef with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 11, 1974-1981, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00035a030
. [all data]
Mondello, 2012
Mondello, L.,
HS-SPME-GCxGC-MS analysis of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis)
in Shimadzu GC-GC application compendium of comprehensive 2D GC, Vol. 1-5, Shimadzu Corp., 2012, 1-29. [all data]
VOC BinBase, 2012
VOC BinBase,
The volatile compound BinBase (VOC BinBase), 2012, retrieved from http://fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/projects/VocBinBase and http://binbase.sourceforge.net. [all data]
Nance and Setzer, 2011
Nance, M.R.; Setzer, W.N.,
Volatile components of aroma hops (Humulus lupulus L.) commonly used in beer brewing,
J. of Brewing and Distilling, 2011, 2, 2, 16-22. [all data]
Skogerson, Wohlgemuth, et al., 2011
Skogerson, K.; Wohlgemuth, G.; Fiehn, O.,
VocBinNase, 2011, retrieved from http://fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/projects//VocBinBase. [all data]
Costa, De Fina, et al., 2008
Costa, R.; De Fina, M.R.; Valentino, M.R.; Rustaiyan, A.; Dugo, P.; Dugo, G.; Mondello, L.,
An investigation on the volatile composition of some Artemisia species from Iran,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2008, 24, 2, 75-82, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1919
. [all data]
Barra, Baldovini, et al., 2007
Barra, A.; Baldovini, N.; Loiseau, A.-M.; Albino, L.; Lesecq, C.; Cuvelier, L.L.,
Chemical analysis of French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and simultaneous distillation/extraction (SDE),
Food Chem., 2007, 101, 3, 1279-1284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.027
. [all data]
Cajka, Hajslova, et al., 2007
Cajka, T.; Hajslova, J.; Cochran, J.; Holadova, K.; Klimankova, E.,
Solid phase microextraction - comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography - time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of honey volatiles,
J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 30, 4, 534-546, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600413
. [all data]
Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004
Garcia-Estaban, M.; Ansorena, D.; Astiasaran, I.; Martin, D.; Ruiz, J.,
Comparison of simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the analysis of volatile compounds in dry-cured ham,
J. Sci. Food Agric., 2004, 84, 11, 1364-1370, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1826
. [all data]
Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003
Machiels, D.; van Ruth, S.M.; Posthumus, M.A.; Istasse, L.,
Gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis of the volatile compounds of two commercial Irish beef meats,
Talanta, 2003, 60, 4, 755-764, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00133-4
. [all data]
Kishimoto, Wanikawa, et al., 2006
Kishimoto, T.; Wanikawa, A.; Kono, K.; Shibata, K.,
Comparison of the Odor-Active Compounds in Unhopped Beer and Beers Hopped with Different Hop Varieties,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 23, 8855-8861, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061342c
. [all data]
Galindo-Cuspinera, Lubran, et al., 2002
Galindo-Cuspinera, V.; Lubran, M.B.; Rankin, S.A.,
Comparison of volatile compounds in water- and oil-soluble annatto (Bixa orellana L.) extracts,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 7, 2010-2015, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011325h
. [all data]
Werkhoff, Güntert, et al., 1998
Werkhoff, P.; Güntert, M.; Krammer, G.; Sommer, H.; Kaulen, J.,
Vacuum headspace method in aroma research: flavor chemistry of yellow passion fruits,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 3, 1076-1093, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970655s
. [all data]
Kadar, Juan-Borras, et al., 2010
Kadar, M.; Juan-Borras, M.; Hellebrandova, M.; Domenech, E.; Escriche, I.,
Volatile fraction composition of Acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) honey from Romania, Spain, and Check Republic,
Bull. USAMV Agriculture, 2010, 67, 2, 259-265. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
T Temperature ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.