Butanoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl ester, (E)-
- Formula: C14H24O
- Molecular weight: 208.3398
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C14H24O2/c1-5-7-14(15)16-11-10-13(4)9-6-8-12(2)3/h8,10H,5-7,9,11H2,1-4H3/b13-10+
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: ZSBOMYJPSRFZAL-JLHYYAGUSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 106-29-6
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Stereoisomers:
- Other names: Butyric acid, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl ester, (E)-; Geraniol butyrate; Geranyl butyrate; Geranyl butanoate; Geranyl n-butyrate; n-Butyric acid, geranyl ester; (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl butyrate; (2E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl butyrate
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
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Phase change data
Go To: Top, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
Enthalpy of vaporization
| ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16.4 | 384. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 369. to 531. K. See also Stull, 1947.; AC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
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| Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 370.0 to 530.6 | 5.87015 | 2864.561 | -42.58 | Stull, 1947 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
IR Spectrum
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
Condensed Phase Spectrum
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Notice: Except where noted, spectra from this collection were measured on dispersive instruments, often in carefully selected solvents, and hence may differ in detail from measurements on FTIR instruments or in other chemical environments. More information on the manner in which spectra in this collection were collected can be found here.
Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.
Additional Data
View scan of original (hardcopy) spectrum.
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Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.
| Owner | COBLENTZ SOCIETY Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
|---|---|
| Origin | INFRACORD |
| Source reference | COBLENTZ NO. 3719 |
| Date | Not specified, most likely prior to 1970 |
| Name(s) | (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl butyrate 3,7-DIMETHYL-2,6-OCTADIEN-1-OL BUTYRATE |
| State | LIQUID |
| Instrument | Not specified, most likely a prism, grating, or hybrid spectrometer. |
| Path length | 0.0025 CM |
| Resolution | 4 |
| Sampling procedure | TRANSMISSION |
| Data processing | DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
| Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
|---|---|
| Origin | Philip Morris R&D |
| NIST MS number | 109212 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 1565. | Jalali-Heravi, Zekavat, et al., 2006 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1531. | Rajeswara Rao, Kaul, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min, 245. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1531. | Rao, Kaul, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min, 245. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1531. | Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2002 | 25. m/0.55 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | Cross-Linked Methylsilicone | 1534. | Rajeswara Rao, Kaul, et al., 2002 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1534. | Rajeswara Rao, 2002 | 25. m/0.5 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1534. | Rao B.R.R., 2002 | 25. m/0.5 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1532. | Jain, Aggarwal, et al., 2001 | 25. m/0.55 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 1529. | Rajeswara Rao, 2001 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1562. | Adams, 2000 | 30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1534. | Rao, Kaul, et al., 2000 | N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1534. | Rao, Sastry, et al., 2000 | 25. m/0.50 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1534. | Kulkarni, Mallavarapu, et al., 1998 | N2, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 1532. | Mallavarapu, Rao, et al., 1998 | N2, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 1535. | Riu-Aumatell, Castellari, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1564. | Sibanda, Chigwada, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C => 2C/min => 220C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1543. | Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2003 | 25. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: 60C => 5C/min => 220C(5min) => 3C/min => 245C(5min) |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1562. | Shellie and Marriott, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1562. | Adams, 1998 | 30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 150. | 1904. | ter Heide, 1968 | N2, Embacel; Column length: 2.5 m |
Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-Wax | 1906. | Gauvin, Lecomte, et al., 2004 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.4 μm, He, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1907. | Kulkarni, Mallavarapu, et al., 1998 | N2, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1889. | Randriamiharisoa and Gaydou, 1987 | He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 210. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1833. | Bernhard, Shibamoto, et al., 1983 | 3. K/min; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1836. | Bernhard, Shibamoto, et al., 1983 | 3. K/min; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1559. | Sonboli, Azizian, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1534. | Ramezani, Behravan, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 265. C |
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 1555. | Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 1570. | Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1537. | Raina, Kumar, et al., 2004 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 13. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1565. | Shellie and Marriott, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1536.9 | Sun and Stremple, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 325. C |
| Capillary | HP-1 | 1540. | Nath, Sarma, et al., 2002 | 24. m/0.32 mm/0.17 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1554. | Couladis, Tsortanidou, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 380. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1562. | Song, Sawamura, et al., 2000 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 230. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1539.4 | Chang, Sheng, et al., 1989 | 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1542.6 | Chang, Sheng, et al., 1989 | 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 1563.6 | Andriamaharavo, 2014 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C (1 min) => 5 C/min => 210C => 10 C/min => 280C (15 min) |
| Capillary | 5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane | 1564. | Sacchetti, Maietti, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He; Program: 45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C (10min) |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1564. | Isidorov, Krajewska, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C => 6C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 280C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | RTX-1 | 1534. | Dib, Djabou, et al., 2010 | 60. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1549. | El-Massry, El-Ghorab, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 35. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1565. | Pala-Paul, Brophy, et al., 2007 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 95. C; Tend: 240. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1556. | Sonboli, Kanani, et al., 2007 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | HP-5MS | 1562. | Farah, Afifi, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | FSOT-RSL-200 | 1564. | Jirovetz, Eller, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min |
| Capillary | NB-30 | 1523. | Orav, Raal, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | HP-5 | 1566. | Pintore G., Chessa M., et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 MS | 1544. | Schirack, Drake, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1563. | Kalvandi, Sefidkon, et al., 2004 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1558. | Miyazawa, Fuhita, et al., 2004 | Helium, 2. K/min, 240. C @ 999. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | DB-5 | 1558. | Miyazawa, Fujita, et al., 2004 | Helium, 2. K/min, 240. C @ 999. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1549. | Palá-Paúl, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2002 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 4. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 225. C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1534. | Gupta, Mallavarapu, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 1540. | Vijayanand, Rao, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | BP-1 | 1529. | Rajeswara, Kaul, et al., 1996 | N2, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1531. | Stashenko, Puertas, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2.5 K/min; Tend: 250. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1544. | Albano, Lima, et al., 2012 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 175 0C 15 0C/min -> 300 0C (10 min) |
| Capillary | RTX-1 | 1530. | Dib, Djabou, et al., 2010 | 60. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-5 MS | 1562. | Sharififar, Mozaffarian, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 1562. | Judpentienë and Mockutë, 2004 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 5C/min => 160C(1min) => 10C/min => 250C (5min) |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 1532. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 1544. | Baratta, Dorman, et al., 1998 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C => 3C/min => 175C => 15C/min => 240C (10min) |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | RTX-Wax | 1877. | Dib, Djabou, et al., 2010 | 60. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 60. C |
| Capillary | NB-20M | 1877. | Orav, Raal, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1888. | Schirack, Drake, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min |
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1872. | Babu and Kaul, 2005 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 190. C @ 15. min |
| Capillary | CP-Wax 52CB | 1872. | Chagonda, Makanda, et al., 2000 | 50. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1900. | Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000 | Nitrogen, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1890. | Werkhoff, Güntert, et al., 1998 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Capillary | DB-Wax | 1871. | Stashenko, Puertas, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2.5 K/min; Tend: 180. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1872. | Vinogradov, 2004 | Program: not specified |
| Capillary | HP-Innowax | 1901. | Baser, Demirci, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60 0C (10 min) 4 K/min -> 220 0C (10 min) 1 K/min -> 240 0C |
| Capillary | Innowax | 1901. | Baser, Nuriddinov, et al., 2002 | 60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C |
References
Go To: Top, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R.,
Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022
. [all data]
Jalali-Heravi, Zekavat, et al., 2006
Jalali-Heravi, M.; Zekavat, B.; Sereshti, H.,
Characterization of essential oil components of Iranian geranium oil using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometric resolution techniques,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1114, 1, 154-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.034
. [all data]
Rajeswara Rao, Kaul, et al., 2005
Rajeswara Rao, B.R.; Kaul, P.N.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Ramesh, S.,
Chemical profiles of primary and secondary essential oils of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats var. motia Burk.),
Ind. Crops Prod., 2005, 21, 1, 121-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.02.002
. [all data]
Rao, Kaul, et al., 2005
Rao, B.R.R.; Kaul, P.N.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Ramesh, S.,
Chemical profiles of primary and secondary essential oils of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats var. motia Burk.),
Ind. Crops Prod., 2005, 21, 1, 121-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.02.002
. [all data]
Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2002
Raina, V.K.; Srivastava, S.K.; Jain, N.; Ahmad, A.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Aggarwal, K.K.,
Essential oil composition of Curcuma longa L. cv. Roma from the plains of northern India,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 2, 99-102, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1053
. [all data]
Rajeswara Rao, Kaul, et al., 2002
Rajeswara Rao, B.R.; Kaul, P.N.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Ramesh, S.,
Water soluble fractions of rose scented geranium (Pelargonium species) essential oil,
Bioresour. Technol., 2002, 84, 3, 243-246, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00057-3
. [all data]
Rajeswara Rao, 2002
Rajeswara Rao, B.R.,
Biomass yield, essential oil yield and essential oil composition of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium species) as influenced by row spacings and intercropping with cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.f. piperascens Malinv. ex Holmes),
Ind. Crops Prod., 2002, 16, 2, 133-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(02)00038-9
. [all data]
Rao B.R.R., 2002
Rao B.R.R.,
Biomass yield, essential oil yield and essential oil composition of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium species) as influenced by row spacings and intercropping with cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.f. piperascens Malinv. ex Holmes),
Industrial Crops and Products, 2002, 16, 2, 133-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(02)00038-9
. [all data]
Jain, Aggarwal, et al., 2001
Jain, N.; Aggarwal, K.K.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Srivastava, S.K.; Kumar, S.,
Essential oil composition of geranium (Pelargonium sp.) from the plains of Northern India,
Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 1, 44-46, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200101/02)16:1<44::AID-FFJ943>3.0.CO;2-X
. [all data]
Rajeswara Rao, 2001
Rajeswara Rao, B.R.,
Biomass and essential oil yields of rainfed palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. motia Burk.) supplied with different levels of organic manure and fertilizer nitrogen in semi-arid tropical climate,
Ind. Crops Prod., 2001, 14, 3, 171-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00081-4
. [all data]
Adams, 2000
Adams, R.P.,
Systematics of Juniperus section Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs),
Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 6, 515-528, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00089-7
. [all data]
Rao, Kaul, et al., 2000
Rao, B.R.R.; Kaul, P.N.; Mallavarapu, G.R.; Ramesh, S.,
First observation of little leaf disease and its impact on the yield and composition of the essential oil of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.),
Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 3, 137-140, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200005/06)15:3<137::AID-FFJ880>3.0.CO;2-A
. [all data]
Rao, Sastry, et al., 2000
Rao, B.R.R.; Sastry, K.P.; Saleem, S.M.; Rao, E.V.S.P.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Ramesh, S.,
Volatile flower oils of three genotypes of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.),
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Notes
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