Citronellal

• Formula: C₁₀H₁₈O
• Molecular weight: 154.2493
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,8,10H,4,6-7H2,1-3H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: NEHNMFOYXAPHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 106-23-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Stereoisomers:
  • 6-Octenal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (R)-
  • (3S)-(-)-Citronellal
• Other names: 6-Octenal, 3,7-dimethyl-; β-Citronellal; Rhodinal; 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octenal; Citronellel; 2,3-Dihydrocitral; NSC 46106; Citronella; Citronelal
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Phase change data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
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Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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References

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Tudor, 1997
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Adams, 2000
Adams, R.P., Systematics of smooth leaf margin Juniperus of the western hemisphere based on leaf essential oils and RAPD DNA fingerprinting, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 2, 149-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00047-2 . [all data]

Adams, 2000, 2
Adams, R.P., Systematics of Juniperus section Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 6, 515-528, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00089-7 . [all data]

Adams, 2000, 3
Adams, R.P., The serrate leaf margined Juniperus (Section Sabina) of the western hemisphere: systematics and evolution based on leaf essential oils and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 10, 975-989, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(00)00022-3 . [all data]

Rao, Rout, et al., 2000
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Adams, 1999
Adams, R.P., Systematics of multi-seeded eastern hemisphere Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and RAPD DNA fingerprinting, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1999, 27, 7, 709-725, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00016-2 . [all data]

Sajjadi and Ghassemi, 1999
Sajjadi, S.E.; Ghassemi, N., Volatile constituents of Nepeta glomerulosa Boiss. subsp. carmanica, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 5, 265-267, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199909/10)14:5<265::AID-FFJ822>3.0.CO;2-A . [all data]

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Padrayuttawat, Tamura, et al., 1996
Padrayuttawat, A.; Tamura, H.; Yamao, M., A split injection system for the analysis of purge and trap headspace of the volatile components in Citrus sudachi, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1996, 19, 6, 365-369, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190613 . [all data]

Rao, Rajanikanth, et al., 1989
Rao, A.S.; Rajanikanth, B.; Seshadri, R., Volatile aroma components of Curcuma amada Roxb., J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 3, 740-743, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a036 . [all data]

Rao, Kaul, et al., 2003
Rao, B.R.R.; Kaul, P.N.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Ramesh, S., Comparative composition of decanted and recovered essential oils of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 2, 133-135, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1157 . [all data]

Shellie and Marriott, 2003
Shellie, R.A.; Marriott, P.J., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil using rapid scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry, Analyst, 2003, 128, 7, 879-883, https://doi.org/10.1039/b304371a . [all data]

Adams, 1998
Adams, R.P., The essential oils and chemotaxonomy of Juniperus sect. Juniperus, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1998, 26, 6, 637-645, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00020-9 . [all data]

Belsito E.L., Carbone C., et al., 2007
Belsito E.L.; Carbone C.; Di Gioia M.L.; Leggio A.; Liguoiri A.; Perri F.; Siciliano C.; Viscomi M.C., Comparison of the volatile constituents in cold-pressed bergamot oil and a volatile oil isolated by vacuum distillation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 19, 7847-7851, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf070997q . [all data]

Duquesnoy, Castola, et al., 2007
Duquesnoy, E.; Castola, V.; Casanova, J., Composition and chemical variability of the twig oil of Abies alba Miller from Corsica, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 4, 293-299, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1796 . [all data]

Flamini, Tebano, et al., 2007
Flamini, G.; Tebano, M.; Cioni, P.L., Volatiles emission patterns of different plant organs and pollen of Citrus limon, Anal. Chim. Acta., 2007, 589, 1, 120-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.02.053 . [all data]

Hongratanaworakit and Buchbauer, 2007
Hongratanaworakit, T.; Buchbauer, G., Chemical composition and stimulating effect of Citrus hystrix oil on humans, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 5, 443-449, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1820 . [all data]

Silva, Barbosa, et al., 2007
Silva, C.J.; Barbosa, L.C.A.; Maltha, C.R.A.; Pinheiro, A.L.; Ismail, F.M.D., Comparative study of the essential oils of seven Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) species grown in Brazil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 6, 474-478, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1823 . [all data]

Batista-Pereira, Fernandes, et al., 2006
Batista-Pereira, L.G.; Fernandes, J.B.; Correa, A.G.; da Silva, M.F.G.F.; Vieira, P.C., Electrophysiological responses of eucalyptus brown looper Thyrinteina arnobia to essential oils of seven Eucalyptus species, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2006, 17, 3, 555-561, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532006000300019 . [all data]

Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006
Saroglou, V.; Dorizas, N.; Kypriotakis, Z.; Skaltsa, H.D., Analysis of the essential oil composition of eight Anthemis species from Greece, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1104, 1-2, 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.087 . [all data]

Su, Ho, et al., 2006
Su, Y.C.; Ho, C.L.; Wang, E.I.C., Analysis of leaf essential oils from the indigenous five conifers of Taiwan, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 447-452, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1685 . [all data]

Su, Ho, et al., 2006, 2
Su, Y.-C.; Ho, C.-L.; Wang, E.I.-C.; Chang, S.-T., Antifungal activities and chemical compositions of essential oils from leaves of four eucalypts, Taiwan J. For. Sci., 2006, 21, 1, 49-61. [all data]

Choi, 2005
Choi, H.-S., Characteristic odor components of kumquat (Fortunella japonica Swingle) peel oil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 5, 1642-1647, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040324x . [all data]

Dugo, Mondello, et al., 2005
Dugo, P.; Mondello, L.; Favoino, O.; Cicero, L.; Rodriguez Zenteno, N.A.; Dugo, G., Characterization of cold-pressed Mexican dancy tangerine oils, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 60-66, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1367 . [all data]

Fanciullino, Gancel, et al., 2005
Fanciullino, A.-L.; Gancel, A.-L.; Froelicher, Y.; Luro, F.; Ollitrault, P.; Brillouet, J.-M., Effects of Nucleo-cytoplasmic Interactions on Leaf Volatile Compounds from Citrus Somatic Diploid Hybrids, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 11, 4517-4523, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0502855 . [all data]

Fang and Qian, 2005
Fang, Y.; Qian, M., Aroma compounds in Oregon Pinot Noir wine determined by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 22-29, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1551 . [all data]

Gancel, Ollitrault, et al., 2005
Gancel, A.-L.; Ollitrault, P.; Froelicher, Y.; Tomi, F.; Jacquemond, C.; Luro, F.; Brillouet, J.-M., Leaf volatile compounds of six citrus somatic allotetraploid hybrids originating from various combinations of lime, lemon, citron, sweet orange, and grapefruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 6, 2224-2230, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048315b . [all data]

bin Jantan, Yalvema, et al., 2005
bin Jantan, I.; Yalvema, M.F.; Ahmad, N.W.; Jamal, J.A., Insecticidal activities of the leaf oils of eight Cinnamomum species against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, Pharm. Biol., 2005, 43, 6, 526-532, https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200500220771 . [all data]

Smadja, Rondeau, et al., 2005
Smadja, J.; Rondeau, P.; Sing, A.S.C., Volatile constituents of five Citrus Petitgrain essential oils from Reunion, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 4, 399-402, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1438 . [all data]

Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2005
Verzera, A.; Trozzi, A.; Zappala, M.; Condurso, C.; Cotroneo, A., Essential Oil Composition of Citrus meyerii Y. Tan. and Citrus medica L. cv. Diamante and Their Lemon Hybrids, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 12, 4890-4894, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf047879c . [all data]

Dugo, Mondello, et al., 2004
Dugo, P.; Mondello, L.; Zappia, G.; Bonaccorsi, I.; Cotroneo, A.; Russo, M.T., The composition of the volatile fraction and the enantiomeric distribution of five volatile components of faustrime oil (Monocitrus australatica x Fortunella sp. x Citrus aurantifolia), J. Essent. Oil Res., 2004, 16, 4, 328-333, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698734 . [all data]

Ngassoum, Ousmaila, et al., 2004
Ngassoum, M.B.; Ousmaila, H.; Ngamo, L.T.; Maponmetsem, P.M.; Jirovetz, L.; Buchbauer, G., Aroma compounds of essential oils of two varieties of the spice plant Ocimum canum Sims from northern Cameroon, J. Food Comp. Anal., 2004, 17, 2, 197-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2003.08.002 . [all data]

Stashenko, Jaramillo, et al., 2004
Stashenko, E.E.; Jaramillo, B.E.; Martínez, J.R., Analysis of volatile secondary metabolites from Colombian Xylopia aromatica (Lamarck) by different extraction and headspace methods and gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 2004, 1025, 1, 105-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.059 . [all data]

Chisholm, Jell, et al., 2003
Chisholm, M.G.; Jell, J.A.; Cass, D.M., Jr., Characterization of the major odorants found in the peel oil of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Clementine using gas chromatography-olfactometry, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 4, 275-281, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1188 . [all data]

Chisholm, Wilson, et al., 2003
Chisholm, M.G.; Wilson, M.A.; Gaskey, G.M., Characterization of aroma volatiles in key lime essential oils (Cirtrus aurantifolia Swingle), Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 2, 106-115, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1172 . [all data]

Choi, 2003
Choi, H.-S., Character impact odorants of Citrus Hallabong [(C. unshiu Marcov × C. sinensis Osbeck) × C. reticulata Blanco] cold-pressed peel oil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 9, 2687-2692, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021069o . [all data]

Gancel, Ollitrault, et al., 2003
Gancel, A.-L.; Ollitrault, P.; Froelicher, Y.; Tomi, F.; Jacquemond, C.; Luro, F.; Brillouet, J.-M., Leaf volatile compounds of seven citrus somatic tetraploid hybrids sharing willow leaf mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Ten.) as their common parent, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 20, 6006-6013, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0345090 . [all data]

Högnadóttir and Rouseff, 2003
Högnadóttir, Á.; Rouseff, R.L., Identification of aroma active compounds in organce essence oil using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 998, 1-2, 201-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00524-7 . [all data]

Jantan, Ling, et al., 2003
Jantan, I.; Ling, Y.E.; Romli, S.; Ayop, N.; Ahmad, A.S., A comparative study of the constituents of the essential oils of three Cinnamomum species from Malaysia, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2003, 15, 6, 387-391, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2003.9698618 . [all data]

bin Jantan, Yassin, et al., 2003
bin Jantan, I.; Yassin, M.S.M.; Chin, C.B.; Chen, L.L.; Sim. N.L., Antifungal activity of the essential oils of nine Zingiberaceae species, Pharm. Biol., 2003, 41, 5, 392-397, https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.41.5.392.15941 . [all data]

Shao, Marriott, et al., 2003
Shao, Y.; Marriott, P.; Shellie, R.; Hügel, H., Solid-phase micro-extraction-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography of ginger (Zingiber officinale) volatiles, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 1, 5-12, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1133 . [all data]

Shellie, Marriott, et al., 2003
Shellie, R.; Marriott, P.; Zappia, G.; Mondello, L.; Dugo, G., Interactive use of linear retention indices on polar and apolar columns with an MS-Library for reliable characterization of Australian tea tree and other Melaleuca sp. oils, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2003, 15, 5, 305-312, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2003.9698597 . [all data]

Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2003
Verzera, A.; Trozzi, A.; Gazea, F.; Cicciarelloi, G.; Cotroneo, A., Effects of rootstock on the composition of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) essential oil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 1, 206-210, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0206872 . [all data]

bin Jantan and bin Ahmad, 2002
bin Jantan, I.; bin Ahmad, F., Chemical constituents of the essential oils of Goniothalamus malayanus Hook. f. and Thoms., Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 372-374, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1107 . [all data]

bin Jantan, Ayop, et al., 2002
bin Jantan, I.; Ayop, N.; Hiong, A.B.; Ahmad, A.S., Chemical composition of the essential oils of Cinnamomum cordatum Kosterm, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 3, 212-214, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1075 . [all data]

Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2002
Lota, M.-L.; de Rocca Serra, D.; Tomi, F.; Jacquemond, C.; Casanova, J., Volatile components of peel and leaf oils of lemon and lime species, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 4, 796-805, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010924l . [all data]

Mondello, Zappia, et al., 2002
Mondello, L.; Zappia, G.; Cotroneo, A.; Bonaccorsi, I.; Chowdhury, J.U.; Yusuf, M.; Dugo, G., Studies on the essential oil-bearing plants of Bangladesh. Part VIII. Composition of some Ocimum oils O. basilicum L. var. purpurascens; O. sanctum L. green; O. sanctum L. purple; O. americanum L., citral type; O. americanum L., camphor type, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 335-340, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1108 . [all data]

Nath, Sarma, et al., 2002
Nath, S.C.; Sarma, K.K.; Vajezikova, I.; Leclercq, P.A., Comparison of volatile inflorescence oils and taxonomy of certain Cymbopogon taxa described as Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Wats., Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2002, 30, 2, 151-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(01)00066-7 . [all data]

Chisholm, Wilson, et al., 2001
Chisholm, M.G.; Wilson, M.A.; Gaskey, G.M.; Jell, J.A.; Cass, D.M., Jr., Chapter 9. The identification of aroma compounds in key lime oil using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-olfactometry, Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser., 2001, 782, 100-112. [all data]

Lin and Rouseff, 2001
Lin, J.; Rouseff, R.L., Characterization of aroma-impact compounds in cold-pressed grapefruit oil using time-intensity GC-olfactometry and GC-MS, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 6, 457-463, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1041 . [all data]

Lota, Serra, et al., 2001
Lota, M.-L.; Serra, D.R.; Jacquemond, C.; Tomi, F.; Casanova, J., Chemical variability of peel and leaf essential oils of sour orange, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 2, 89-96, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200103/04)16:2<89::AID-FFJ950>3.0.CO;2-D . [all data]

Alonzo, Bosco, et al., 2000
Alonzo, G.; Bosco, S.F.D.; Palazzolo, E.; Saiano, F.; Tusa, N., Citrus somatic hybrid leaf essential oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 4, 258-262, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200007/08)15:4<258::AID-FFJ906>3.0.CO;2-F . [all data]

Bartley and Jacobs, 2000
Bartley, J.P.; Jacobs, A.L., Effects of drying on flavour compounds in Australian-grown ginger (Zingiber officinale), J. Sci. Food Agric., 2000, 80, 2, 209-215, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000115)80:2<209::AID-JSFA516>3.0.CO;2-8 . [all data]

Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2000
Lota, M.-L.; de Rocca Serra, D.; Tomi, F.; Casanova, J., Chemical variability of peel and leaf essential oils of mandarins from Citrus reticulata Blanco, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 1, 61-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00036-8 . [all data]

Mondello, Zappia, et al., 2000
Mondello, L.; Zappia, G.; Dugo, P.; Dugo, G.; Bonaccorsi, I.; Dugo, G., Identification of complex samples by Fast-GC/MS using linear retention indices in conjunction with the MS-library, Proceedings, 23rd ISCC; CD-ROM, 2000, retrieved from http://www.richrom.com/assets/CD23PDF. [all data]

Song, Sawamura, et al., 2000
Song, H.S.; Sawamura, M.; Ito, T.; Ido, A.; Ukeda, H., Quantitative determination and characteristic flavour of daidai (Citrus aurantium L. var. cyathifera Y. Tanaka) peel oil, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 5, 323-328, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200009/10)15:5<323::AID-FFJ918>3.0.CO;2-J . [all data]

Verzera, la Rosa, et al., 2000
Verzera, A.; la Rosa, G.; Zappalà, M.; Cotroneo, A., Essential oil composition of different cultivars of bergamot grown in Sicily, Ital. J. Food Sci., 2000, 12, 4, 493-501. [all data]

Verzera, Trozzi, et al., 2000
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Notes

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