2-Propenal, 3-phenyl-

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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
0.823 ± 0.043ECDWentworth and Chen, 1967 

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW- 875
NIST MS number 228898

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax1996.Riu-Aumatell, Castellari, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillarySupelcowax1996.Riu-Aumatell, Castellari, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1986.Nishimura, Yamaguchi, et al., 19892. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySLB-5MS1280.Mondello, Sciarrone, et al., 200710. m/0.1 mm/0.1 μm, 40. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySLB-5MS1298.Mondello, Sciarrone, et al., 200710. m/0.1 mm/0.1 μm, 40. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySPB-51266.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-11232.bin Jantan and bin Ahmad, 2002N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 10. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryDB-11249.Stashenko, Prada, et al., 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 3.5 K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySE-541259.5Shapi and Hesso, 199025. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 15. min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySLB-5MS1273.Mondello, Sciarrone, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillarySE-521274.Mondello, Dugo, et al., 199560. m/0.32 mm/0.40 μm, He; Program: 45 C (6 min) 3 C/min -> 111 0C 2 C/min -> 160 C 3 C/min -> 300 C (15 min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax2037.Njoroge, Koaze, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 70. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-102039.Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillarySupelcowax-102049.Chung, 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min; Tstart: 35. C
CapillaryDB-FFAP2029.Guillard, le Quere, et al., 1997H2, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-FFAP2031.Guillard, le Quere, et al., 1997H2, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M2019.Mondello, Dugo, et al., 199560. m/0.32 mm/0.425 μm, He, 45. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2033.Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2034.Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M2017.Chen, Kuo, et al., 1986He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryStabilwax2017.Klesk and Qian, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C(10min)

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5 MS1278.Pripdeevech and Saansoomchai, 201330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryBPX-51303.Bieri and Marriott, 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 3. K/min; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 999. C
CapillaryBPX-51295.Bieri and Marriott, 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 999. C
CapillaryBPX-51296.Bieri and Marriott, 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 999. C
CapillaryBPX-51297.Bieri and Marriott, 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 999. C
CapillaryBPX-51301.Bieri and Marriott, 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 999. C
CapillaryBPX-51300.Bieri and Marriott, 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 5. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 999. C
CapillaryEquity-5 MS1273.Mondello, Casilli, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 1.5 K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryHP-11251.Dongmo, Tatsadjieu, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 10. K/min; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryHP-11231.Castel, Fernandez, et al., 200650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
CapillaryFSOT-RSL-2001259.Schmidt, Jirovetz, et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-51260.Shen X., Gao Y., et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryHP-11235.Fernandez, Lizzani-Cuvelier, et al., 200550. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 60. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-51250.N/A30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-11222.Park, Lee, et al., 200460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
CapillaryDB-11223.Park, Lee, et al., 200460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
CapillaryDB-11223.Park, Lee, et al., 200460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
CapillaryDB-11227.Park, Lee, et al., 200460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB1252.Wang and Guo-Y. -L., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 2. min
CapillaryOV-1011250.Egolf and Jurs, 19932. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryUltra-11223.Okumura, 199125. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 260. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups1266.Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-51258.Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005Program: not specified
CapillarySE-301250.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-11231.Hathcock and Bertsch, 1993100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1011250.Shibamoto, 1987Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-Innowax2043.Soria, Sanz, et al., 200850. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101978.Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryZB-Wax2007.N/A30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryZB-Wax2007.Wu, Krings, et al., 200530. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryTC-Wax2046.Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 199680. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1996.Egolf and Jurs, 19932. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 170. C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB2013.2Chyau, Chen, et al., 199250. m/0.32 mm/0.22 μm, H2, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-20M2018.Chaieb, Hajlaoui, et al., 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax2003.Krings, Zelena, et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1996.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-Innowax2063.Piasenzotto, Gracco, et al., 200330. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(4min) => 10C/min => 230C(10min) => 10C/min => 250C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1996.Shibamoto, 1987Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Wentworth and Chen, 1967
Wentworth, W.E.; Chen, E., Experimental Determination of the Electron Affinity of Several Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones, J. Phys. Chem., 1967, 71, 6, 1929, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100865a063 . [all data]

Riu-Aumatell, Castellari, et al., 2004
Riu-Aumatell, M.; Castellari, M.; López-Tamames, E.; Galassi, S.; Buxaderas, S., Characterisation of volatile compounds of fruit juices and nectars by HS/SPME and GC/MS, Food Chem., 2004, 87, 4, 627-637, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.12.033 . [all data]

Nishimura, Yamaguchi, et al., 1989
Nishimura, O.; Yamaguchi, K.; Mihara, S.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile Constituents of Guava Fruits (Psidium guajava L.) and Canned Puree, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 1, 139-142, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00085a033 . [all data]

Mondello, Sciarrone, et al., 2007
Mondello, L.; Sciarrone, D.; Casilli, A.; Tranchida, P.Q.; Dugo, P.; Dugo, G., Fast gas chromatography-full scan quadrupole mass spectrometry for the determination of allergens in fragrances, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 30, 12, 1905-1911, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600541 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of Malay rose apple [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. Perry], Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 1, 32-35, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1269 . [all data]

bin Jantan and bin Ahmad, 2002
bin Jantan, I.; bin Ahmad, F., Chemical constituents of the essential oils of Goniothalamus malayanus Hook. f. and Thoms., Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 372-374, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1107 . [all data]

Stashenko, Prada, et al., 1996
Stashenko, E.E.; Prada, N.Q.; Martínez, J.R., HRGC/FID/NP and HRGC/MSD study of Colombian Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata) oils obtained by different extraction techniques, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1996, 19, 6, 353-358, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190609 . [all data]

Shapi and Hesso, 1990
Shapi, M.M.; Hesso, A., Thermal decomposition of polystyrene volatile compounds from large-scale pyrolysis, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 1990, 18, 2, 143-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(90)80004-8 . [all data]

Mondello, Dugo, et al., 1995
Mondello, L.; Dugo, P.; Basile, A.; Dugo, G., Interactive use of linear retention indices, on polar and apolar columns, with a MS-library for reliable identification of complex mixtures, J. Microcolumn Sep., 1995, 7, 6, 581-591, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220070605 . [all data]

Njoroge, Koaze, et al., 2005
Njoroge, S.M.; Koaze, H.; Karanja, P.N.; Sawamura, M., Volatile Constituents of Redblush Grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi) and Pummelo ( Citrus grandis) Peel Essential Oils from Kenya, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 25, 9790-9794, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051373s . [all data]

Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005
Riu-Aumatell, M.; Lopez-Tamames, E.; Buxaderas, S., Assessment of the Volatile Composition of Juices of Apricot, Peach, and Pear According to Two Pectolytic Treatments, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 20, 7837-7843, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051397z . [all data]

Chung, 2000
Chung, H.Y., Volatile flavor components in red fermented soybean (Glycine max) curds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 5, 1803-1809, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991272s . [all data]

Guillard, le Quere, et al., 1997
Guillard, A.-S.; le Quere, J.-L.; Vendeuvre, J.-L., Emerging research approaches benefit to the study of cooked cured ham flavour, Food Chem., 1997, 59, 4, 567-572, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(97)00001-0 . [all data]

Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989
Fröhlich, O.; Duque, C.; Schreier, P., Volatile constituents of curuba (Passiflora mollissima) fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 2, 421-425, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a033 . [all data]

Chen, Kuo, et al., 1986
Chen, C.-C.; Kuo, M.-C.; Liu, S.-E.; Wu, C.-M., Volatile components of salted and pickled prunes (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1986, 34, 1, 140-144, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00067a038 . [all data]

Klesk and Qian, 2003
Klesk, K.; Qian, M., Aroma extract dilution analysis of Cv. Marion (Rubus spp. hyb) and Cv. Evergreen (R. Iaciniatus L.) blackberries, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 11, 3436-3441, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0262209 . [all data]

Pripdeevech and Saansoomchai, 2013
Pripdeevech, P.; Saansoomchai, J., Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of essential oil and various extracts of Fagraea fragrans Roxb. flowers, Chiang Mai J. Sci., 2013, 40, 2, 214-223. [all data]

Bieri and Marriott, 2008
Bieri, S.; Marriott, P.J., Dual-injection system with multiply injections for determining sidimentional retention indexes in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, Anal. Chem., 2008, 80, 3, 760-768, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac071367q . [all data]

Mondello, Casilli, et al., 2008
Mondello, L.; Casilli, A.; Tranchida, Q.; Sciarrone, D.; Dugo, P.; Dugo, G., Analysis of allergens in fragrances using multiple heart-cut multidimentional gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, LC-GC Europe, 2008, 21, 130. [all data]

Dongmo, Tatsadjieu, et al., 2007
Dongmo, P.M.J.; Tatsadjieu, L.N.; Tchoumbougnang, F.; Sameza, M.L.; Dongmo, B.N.; Zollo, P.H.A.; Menut, C., Chemical composition, antiradical and antifungal activities os eeesntioal oil af the leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume from Cameroon, Natural Product Communications, 2007, 2, 12, 1287-1290. [all data]

Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006
Castel, C.; Fernandez, X.; Lizzani-Cuvelier, L.; Perichet, C.; Lavoine, S., Characterization of the Chemical Composition of a Byproduct from Siam Benzoin Gum, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 23, 8848-8854, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061193y . [all data]

Schmidt, Jirovetz, et al., 2006
Schmidt, E.; Jirovetz, L.; Buchbauer, G.; Eller, G.A.; Stoilova, I.; Krastanov, A.; Stoyanova, A.; Geisseler, M., Composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) leaves from Sri Lanka, Jeobp, 2006, 9, 2, 170-182. [all data]

Shen X., Gao Y., et al., 2006
Shen X.; Gao Y.; Su Q.D., Constituents of the essential oil of Rhizoma polygonati, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 556-558, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1666 . [all data]

Fernandez, Lizzani-Cuvelier, et al., 2005
Fernandez, X.; Lizzani-Cuvelier, L.; Loiseau, A.-M.; Perichet, C.; Delbecque, C.; Arnaudo, J.-F., Chemical composition of the essential oils from Turkish and Honduras Styrax, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 70-73, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1370 . [all data]

Park, Lee, et al., 2004
Park, B.-S.; Lee, K.-G.; Takeoka, G.R., Comparison of three sample preparation methods on the recovery of volatiles from taheebo (Tabebuia impetiginosa Martius ex DC), Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 4, 287-292, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1345 . [all data]

Wang and Guo-Y. -L., 2004
Wang, H.-Y.; Guo-Y. -L., Rapid analysis of the volatile compounds in the rhizomes of Rhodiola sachalinensis and Rhodiola sacra by static headspace-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Anal. Letters, 2004, 37, 10, 2151-2161, https://doi.org/10.1081/AL-200026690 . [all data]

Egolf and Jurs, 1993
Egolf, L.M.; Jurs, P.C., Quantitative structure-retention and structure-odor intensity relationships for a diverse group of odor-active compounds, Anal. Chem., 1993, 65, 21, 3119-3126, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00069a027 . [all data]

Okumura, 1991
Okumura, T., retention indices of environmental chemicals on methyl silicone capillary column, Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Japan), 1991, 1, 2, 333-358, https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.1.333 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of Malay rose apple [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. Perry], Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 98-100. [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Hathcock and Bertsch, 1993
Hathcock, S.; Bertsch, W., Analysis of volatiles associated with industrial scale processing of expanded polystyrene. Part II: Identification and quantitation, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1993, 16, 11, 651-659, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240161106 . [all data]

Shibamoto, 1987
Shibamoto, T., Retention Indices in Essential Oil Analysis in Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis, Sandra, P.; Bicchi, C., ed(s)., Hutchig Verlag, Heidelberg, New York, 1987, 259-274. [all data]

Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008
Soria, A.C.; Sanz, J.; Martinez-Castro, I., SPME followed by GC-MS: a powerful technique for qualitative analysis of honey volatiles, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2008, 1-12. [all data]

Vichi, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2007
Vichi, S.; Riu-Aumatell, M.; Mora-Pons, M.; Guadayol, J.M.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E., Analytical, Nutritional and Clinical Methods. HS-SPME coupled to GC/MS for quality control of Juniperus communis L. berries used for gin aromatization, Food Chem., 2007, 105, 4, 1748-1754, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.026 . [all data]

Wu, Krings, et al., 2005
Wu, S.; Krings, U.; Zorn, H.; Berger, R.G., Volatile compounds from the fruiting bodies of beefsteak fungus Fistulina hepatica (Schaeffer: Fr.) Fr., Food Chem., 2005, 92, 2, 221-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.07.013 . [all data]

Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996
Shuichi, H.; Masazumi, N.; Hiromu, K.; Kiyoshi, F., Comparison of volatile compounds berween the crude drugs, Onji-tsutsu and Onji-niki, Nippon nogei kagaku kaishi, 1996, 70, 2, 151-160. [all data]

Chyau, Chen, et al., 1992
Chyau, C.-C.; Chen, S.-Y.; Wu, C.-M., Differences of volatile and nonvolatile constituents between mature and ripe guave (Psidium guajava Linn) fruits, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 5, 846-849, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00017a028 . [all data]

Chaieb, Hajlaoui, et al., 2007
Chaieb, K.; Hajlaoui, H.; Zmantar, T.; Ben Kahla-Nakbi, A.; Rouabhia, M.; Mahdouani, K.; Bakhrouf, A., The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review, Phytoterapy Res., 2007, 21, 6, 501-506, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2124 . [all data]

Krings, Zelena, et al., 2006
Krings, U.; Zelena, K.; Wu, S.; Berger, R.G., Thin-layer high-vacuum distillation to isolate volatile flavour compounds of cocoa powder, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2006, 223, 5, 675-681, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0252-x . [all data]

Piasenzotto, Gracco, et al., 2003
Piasenzotto, L.; Gracco, L.; Conte, L., Solid phase microextraction (SPME) applied to honey quality control, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2003, 83, 10, 1037-1044, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1502 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References