Benzonitrile

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas52.34kcal/molN/ALebedev, Bykova, et al., 1985Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of 163.2±1.5 kj/mol from Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1985 and ΔvapH° value of 55.8 kj/mol from Evans and Skinner, 1959.; DRB
Δfgas52.3kcal/molCcbEvans and Skinner, 1959ALS

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid39.01 ± 0.36kcal/molCcbLebedev, Bykova, et al., 1985see Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1984; ALS
Δfliquid39.00 ± 0.35kcal/molCcbEvans and Skinner, 1959ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-868.14 ± 0.36kcal/molCcbLebedev, Bykova, et al., 1985see Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1984; ALS
Δcliquid-868.15kcal/molCcbEvans and Skinner, 1959ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid49.98cal/mol*KN/ALebedev, Bykova, et al., 1985, 2DH
liquid49.98cal/mol*KN/ALebedev, Bykova, et al., 1984, 2DH
liquid49.98cal/mol*KN/ABykova, Lebedev, et al., 1983DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
38.50298.15Mirzaliev, Shakhuradov, et al., 1987T = 273 to 453 K. Unsmoothed experimental datum given as 1.496 kJ/kg*K at 293 K. Cp(liq) = 1.2396 + 8.7x10-5T/K + 3.3333x10-6T2/K2 kJ/kg*K (273 to 453 K).; DH
39.732298.15Lainez, Rodrigo, et al., 1985DH
39.48298.15Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1985, 2T = 5 to 330 K.; DH
39.799298.15Tanaka, Nakamichi, et al., 1985DH
39.48298.15Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1984, 2T = 25 to 330 K.; DH
39.48298.15Bykova, Lebedev, et al., 1983T = 5 to 330 K.; DH

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil464. ± 1.KAVGN/AAverage of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus263. ± 20.KAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple260.33KN/ALebedev, Bykova, et al., 1985, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Ttriple260.33KN/ALebedev, Bykova, et al., 1984, 3Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Ttriple260.33KN/ABykova, Lebedev, et al., 1983, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc701. ± 4.KAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc41.60atmN/ASteele, Chirico, et al., 1994Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 atm; TRC
Pc41.65atmN/AGuye and Mallet, 1902Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.99995 atm; TRC
Pc41.6000atmN/AGuye and Mallet, 1902, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.5000 atm; TRC
Pc41.6000atmN/AGuye and Mallet, 1902, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.5000 atm; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc3.037mol/lN/ASteele, Chirico, et al., 1994Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 mol/l; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap13.26kcal/molVEvans and Skinner, 1959ALS
Δvap13.3kcal/molN/AEvans and Skinner, 1959DRB

Reduced pressure boiling point

Tboil (K) Pressure (atm) Reference Comment
342.0.013Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982BS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
11.7316.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 301. to 464. K. See also Stull, 1947.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
301.4 to 463.84.848302110.572-28.331Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
2.6243260.33Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1985, 2DH
2.6243260.332Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1984, 2DH
2.6243260.33Bykova, Lebedev, et al., 1983DH
2.624260.3Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1985AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
10.08260.33Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1985, 2DH
10.08260.332Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1984, 2DH
10.08260.33Bykova, Lebedev, et al., 1983DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Bromine anion + Benzonitrile = (Bromine anion • Benzonitrile)

By formula: Br- + C7H5N = (Br- • C7H5N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr14.7 ± 1.8kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of PhNO2..Br-; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr6.2 ± 1.0kcal/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of PhNO2..Br-; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
6.2423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Chlorine anion + Benzonitrile = (Chlorine anion • Benzonitrile)

By formula: Cl- + C7H5N = (Cl- • C7H5N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.0kcal/molPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.cal/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
10.0300.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C7H4N- + Hydrogen cation = Benzonitrile

By formula: C7H4N- + H+ = C7H5N

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr383.2 ± 2.5kcal/molTDEqMeot-ner and Kafafi, 1988gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr374.6 ± 2.0kcal/molTDEqMeot-ner and Kafafi, 1988gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B

C6H7N+ + Benzonitrile = (C6H7N+ • Benzonitrile)

By formula: C6H7N+ + C7H5N = (C6H7N+ • C7H5N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.4kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.cal/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
12.3338.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C11H10+ + Benzonitrile = (C11H10+ • Benzonitrile)

By formula: C11H10+ + C7H5N = (C11H10+ • C7H5N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr14.7kcal/molPHPMSEl-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.cal/mol*KN/AEl-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
6.9301.PHPMSEl-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Nitric oxide anion + Benzonitrile = (Nitric oxide anion • Benzonitrile)

By formula: NO- + C7H5N = (NO- • C7H5N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr41.1kcal/molICRReents and Freiser, 1981gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M

CH6N+ + Benzonitrile = (CH6N+ • Benzonitrile)

By formula: CH6N+ + C7H5N = (CH6N+ • C7H5N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr29.4kcal/molPHPMSSpeller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr31.2cal/mol*KPHPMSSpeller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985gas phase; M

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1998.
NIST MS number 290864

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


UV/Visible spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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UVVis spectrum
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Additional Data

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Source Hirt and King, 1952
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 203
Instrument Cary 11
Melting point -12.7
Boiling point 191.1

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1985
Lebedev, B.V.; Bykova, T.A.; Kiparisova, E.G.; Chernomordik, Yu.A.; Kurapov, A.S.; Sergeev, V.A., Thermodynamic study of benzonitrile, the process of its cocyclotrimerization with phenylacetylene, and the 2,4,6-triphenylpyridine that is formed, in the interval 0-330°K, Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci., 1985, 274-279. [all data]

Evans and Skinner, 1959
Evans, F.W.; Skinner, H.A., The heats of combustion of organic compounds of nitrogen Part 2.-n-Propyl, isopropyl and phenyl cyandies, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1959, 55, 255-259. [all data]

Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1984
Lebedev, B.V.; Bykova, T.A.; Kiparisova, E.G.; Pankratov, V.A.; Mitina, L.M.; Korshak, V.V., Thermodynamics of benzonitrile, of its cyclotrimerization process, and of the triphenyl-s-triazine formed in the range 0-300°K, J. Gen. Chem. USSR, 1984, 54, 1209-1214. [all data]

Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1985, 2
Lebedev, B.V.; Bykova, T.A.; Kiparisova, Y.G.; Chernomordik, Yu.A.; Kurapov, A.S.; Sergeev, V.A., Thermodynamic study of benzonitrile, the process of its cocyclotrimerization with phenylacetylene, and the resulting 2,4,6-triphenylpyridine at 0-300 K, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim., 1985, (2), 301-306. [all data]

Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1984, 2
Lebedev, B.V.; Bykova, T.A.; Kiparisova, Y.G.; Pankratov, V.A.; Mitina, L.M.; Korshak, V.V., Thermodynamics of benzonitrile, of its cyclotrimerization process, and of the triphenyl-s-triazine formed in the range 0-330°K, Zhur. Obsch. Khim., 1984, 54, 1352-1358. [all data]

Bykova, Lebedev, et al., 1983
Bykova, T.A.; Lebedev, B.V.; Tarasov, E.N., Thermodynamics of benzonitrile in the range, 1983, Termodin. [all data]

Mirzaliev, Shakhuradov, et al., 1987
Mirzaliev, A.A.; Shakhuradov, Sh.G.; Guseinov, S.O., Investigation of the isobaric heat capacity of nitriles at different temperatures, Izv. Vyssh. Ucheb. Zaved., Neft i Gaz, 1987, 30(4), 55-58. [all data]

Lainez, Rodrigo, et al., 1985
Lainez, A.; Rodrigo, M.; Roux, A.H.; Grolier, J.-P.E.; Wilhelm, E., Relations between structure and thermodynamic properties. Heat capacities of polar substances (nitrobenzene and benzonitrile) in alkane solutions, Calorim. Anal. Therm., 1985, 16, 153-158. [all data]

Tanaka, Nakamichi, et al., 1985
Tanaka, R.; Nakamichi, T.; Murakami, S., Molar excess heat capacities and volumes for mixtures of benzomitrile with cyclohexane between 10 and 45°C, J. Solution Chem., 1985, 14(11), 795-803. [all data]

Lebedev, Bykova, et al., 1984, 3
Lebedev, B.V.; Bykova, T.A.; Kiparisova, E.G.; Pankratov, V.A.; Mitina, L.M.; Korshak, V.V., Thermodynamics of Benzonitrile, Its Cyclotrimerization and the Resulting Triphenyltriazine in the 0-330 K Range, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 1984, 54, 1352. [all data]

Bykova, Lebedev, et al., 1983, 2
Bykova, T.A.; Lebedev, B.V.; Tarasov, E.N., Thermodynamics of benzonitrile in the range 0-330 K, Termodin. Org. Soedin., 1983, 48-52. [all data]

Steele, Chirico, et al., 1994
Steele, W.V.; Chirico, R.D.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Knipmeyer, S.E.; Nguyen, A.; Smith, N.K., DIPPR project 871. Determination of ideal-gas enthalpies of formation for key compounds. The 1990 project results, Experimental Results for DIPPR 1990-91 Projects on Phase Equilibria and Pure Component Properties, 1994, 1994, DIPPR Data Ser. No. 2, p. 188-215. [all data]

Guye and Mallet, 1902
Guye, P.A.; Mallet, E., Critical Constant and Molecular Complexity of Several Organic Compds., C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., 1902, 133, 168. [all data]

Guye and Mallet, 1902, 2
Guye, P.A.; Mallet, E., Measurement of Critical Constants, Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat., 1902, 13, 274-296. [all data]

Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982
Buckingham, J.; Donaghy, S.M., Dictionary of Organic Compounds: Fifth Edition, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1982, 1. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1991
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of Complexes of Br- with Substituted Benzenes (SB) Based on Determinations of the Gas-Phase Equilibria Br- + SB = (BrSB)-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 4, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a014 . [all data]

Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988
Meot-ner, M.; Kafafi, S.A., Carbon Acidities of Aromatic Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 19, 6297, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00227a003 . [all data]

Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997
Kiefer, J.H.; Zhang, Q.; Kern, R.D.; Yao, J.; Jursic, B., Pyrolysis of Aromatic Azines: Pyrazine, Pyrimidine, and Pyridine, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1997, 101, 38, 7061, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp970211z . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; El-Shall, M.S., Ionic Charge Transfer Complexes. 1. Cationic Complexes with Delocalized and Partially Localized pi Systems, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 15, 4386, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00275a026 . [all data]

El-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987
El-Shall, M.S.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Ionic Charge Transfer Complexes. 3. Delocalised pi Systems as Electron Acceptors and Donors, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 5, 1088, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100289a017 . [all data]

Reents and Freiser, 1981
Reents, W.D.; Freiser, B.S., Gas-Phase Binding Energies and Spectroscopic Properties of NO+ Charge-Transfer Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 2791. [all data]

Farid and McMahon, 1978
Farid, R.; McMahon, T.B., Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Reactions of Alkyl Nitrites by Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectroscopy, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 27, 2, 163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(78)80037-0 . [all data]

Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985
Speller, C.V.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 3. Bonds Involving Cyanides. Correlations with Proton Affinites, J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 81, 24, 5217, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100270a020 . [all data]

Hirt and King, 1952
Hirt, R.C.; King, F.T., Search for weak absorption bands in benzonitrile in the near ultraviolet, J. Chem. Phys., 1952, 20, 1821-1822. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References