Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, [1S-(1α,2β,4β)]-

Formula: C₁₅H₂₄
Molecular weight: 204.3511
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C15H24/c1-7-15(6)9-8-13(11(2)3)10-14(15)12(4)5/h7,13-14H,1-2,4,8-10H2,3,5-6H3/t13-,14+,15-/m1/s1
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: OPFTUNCRGUEPRZ-QLFBSQMISA-N
CAS Registry Number: 515-13-9
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
Stereoisomers:
Other names: Cyclohexane, 2,4-diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1-vinyl-, (1S,2R,4R)- (-)-; β-Elemene, (-)-; (-)-β-Elemene; β-Elemen; levo-β-Elemene; β-Elemene; β-Elemene enantiomer; 2,4-Diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1-vinylcyclohexane, [1S-(1α,2β,4β)]-; 2,4-Diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1-vinylcyclohexane; 1S-1α,2β,4β-1-Ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexane; Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, (1S,2S,4R)-; beta elemene
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Other data available:
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- Gas Chromatography
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Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5MS	DB-5	DB-5MS	HP-1	DB-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	60.	25.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	280.		280.	200.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	3.	3.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)	8.			5.	3.
Final hold (min)	30.		30.	25.
I	1394.	1392.	1366.	1398.	1402.
Reference	Hazzit, Baaliouamer, et al., 2006	Lucero, Fredrickson, et al., 2006	Marongiu, Porcedda, et al., 2006	Meccia G., Rosquete C., et al., 2006	Mevy, Bessiere, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	BP-1	DB-5	HP-5MS	DB-5MS
Column length (m)	25.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		N2		He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.33	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	40.	50.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	220.	210.	250.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	5.	2.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)			2.	10.
Final hold (min)		3.	33.	5.
I	1392.	1385.	1389.	1391.	1392.
Reference	Oliveira, Leitao, et al., 2006	Srivastava, Srivastava, et al., 2006	Sylvestre, Pichette, et al., 2006	Asuming, Beauchamp, et al., 2005	Maia, Andrade, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-5	DB-5	HP-5MS	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.		30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	Helium		He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25		0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25		0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	40.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	255.	240.	230.	200.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	8.	4.	4.
Initial hold (min)				1.	4.
Final hold (min)			4.	15.
I	1392.	1393.	1393.6	1389.	1391.
Reference	Medina, Lucero, et al., 2005	Shatar S., 2005	Ament K., Kant M.R., et al., 2004	Juliani, Zygadlo, et al., 2004	Morteza-Semnani, Azadbakht, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	CP Sil 5 CB	DB-5	HP-5MS	DB-1	SPB-1
Column length (m)	25.	30.	30.	50.	30.
Carrier gas	H2	He	He	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.15	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	70.	95.	50.
T_end (C)	230.	300.	250.	240.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	5.	3.	4.	2.
Initial hold (min)			5.		2.
Final hold (min)					5.
I	1396.	1384.	1380.	1386.	1380.
Reference	Ogunwande, Olawore, et al., 2004	Santos, Lopes, et al., 2004	Siani, Garrido, et al., 2004	Velasco-Negueruela, Sanz, et al., 2004	Yadav, Chauhan, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	HP-5MS	HP-5	HP-5MS	CP Sil 5 CB
Column length (m)	25.	30.	30.	30.	25.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25	1.	0.25	0.15
T_start (C)	40.	50.	40.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	280.	280.	250.	280.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	4.	5.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)	5.	2.	1.
Final hold (min)	5.	10.
I	1386.	1407.	1410.	1373.	1391.
Reference	Amparo Blázquez, Pérez, et al., 2003	Baranauskiene, Venskutonis, et al., 2003	Bouzouita, Kachouri, et al., 2003	Couladis, Chinou, et al., 2003	Ogunwande, Olawore, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	DB-1	BP-1	BP-1	BP-1
Column length (m)	30.	25.	60.	25.	25.
Carrier gas	He	He	N2	N2	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.2	0.32	0.32	0.55
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25		0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	200.	220.	220.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	3.	5.	5.	5.
Initial hold (min)	1.
Final hold (min)	15.			15.	15.
I	1392.	1396.	1389.	1387.	1385.
Reference	Juliani and Simon, 2002	Mevy, Bessiere, et al., 2002	Raina, Lal, et al., 2002	Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2002	Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2002, 2
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5MS	SSP-1	HP-1	DB-1	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	25.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.2	0.25	0.26
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	50.	100.	40.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	250.	220.	260.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	2.	4.	2.	3.
Initial hold (min)		2.		5.
Final hold (min)		5.		20.
I	1391.	1370.	1388.	1384.	1391.
Reference	Salido, Altarejos, et al., 2002	Nagarajan, Rao, et al., 2001	Rajeswara Rao, 2001	Senatore and Rigano, 2001	Adams, 2000
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SE-54	OV-101	DB-5	DB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	25.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas					He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.26	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25				0.33
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	246.	200.	240.	240.	260.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	5.	3.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)					5.
Final hold (min)					20.
I	1391.	1394.	1391.	1393.	1362.
Reference	Adams, 2000, 2	Kuiate, Zollo, et al., 1999	Lopes, Kato, et al., 1999	Lopes, Kato, et al., 1999	Senatore and de Feo, 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5MS	DB-5	DB-5	Methyl Silicone	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	60.	60.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	250.	240.	240.	250.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	4.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)	5.			2.	5.
Final hold (min)				5.	20.
I	1385.	1393.	1393.	1392.	1363.
Reference	Siani, Ramos, et al., 1999	da Silva, Andrade, et al., 1999	da Silva, Zoghbi, et al., 1999	Adegoke, Rao, et al., 1998	de Feo, Porta, et al., 1998
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Methyl Silicone	DB-5	DB-5	DB-5	DB-1
Column length (m)	25.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.5	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.23
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	40.	40.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	220.	250.	250.	240.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	2.	2.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)		5.	5.
Final hold (min)		20.	20.
I	1389.	1362.	1362.	1394.	1388.
Reference	Mallavarapu, Rao, et al., 1998	Senatore, Urrunaga Soria, et al., 1998	Senatore, 1998	Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 1998	Fiorini, Fourasté, et al., 1997
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BPX-5	DB-5	SE-30	OV-101	SE-30
Column length (m)	50.	30.	25.	50.	25.
Carrier gas	N2	He	N2	N2	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25		0.2
T_start (C)	60.	40.	60.	80.	60.
T_end (C)	185.	250.	180.	200.	180.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	3.	2.	3.
Initial hold (min)	10.	5.	10.		10.
Final hold (min)		20.	1.	60.	1.
I	1391.	1363.	1384.	1388.	1378.
Reference	Fournier, Hadjiakhoondi, et al., 1997	Senatore, Urrunaga Soria, et al., 1997	Jantan, Ahmad, et al., 1996	Padrayuttawat, Tamura, et al., 1996	Jantan, Ali, et al., 1995
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-5	DB-5	HP-1	SPB-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	15.	50.
Carrier gas					He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)				0.32	0.20
Phase thickness (μm)
T_start (C)	40.	40.	40.	40.	35.
T_end (C)	210.	210.	210.	240.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	2.	6.	3.
Initial hold (min)	2.	2.	2.		5.
Final hold (min)	120.	120.	120.	10.	20.
I	1389.	1389.	1389.	1398.	1387.
Reference	Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995	Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995	Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995	Raharivelomanana, Cambon, et al., 1993	Wong and Tie, 1993
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Methyl Silicone	BP-1
Column length (m)	12.	50.
Carrier gas		H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.5	0.33
Phase thickness (μm)
T_start (C)	70.	65.
T_end (C)	250.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	5.
Initial hold (min)		2.
Final hold (min)	15.
I	1404.8	1397.
Reference	Rao, Rajanikanth, et al., 1989	Ekundayo, Laakso, et al., 1988
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Hazzit, Baaliouamer, et al., 2006
Hazzit, M.; Baaliouamer, A.; Faleiro, M.L.; Miguel, M.G., Composition of the Essential Oils of Thymus and Origanum Species from Algeria and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 17, 6314-6321, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0606104 . [all data]

Lucero, Fredrickson, et al., 2006
Lucero, M.E.; Fredrickson, E.L.; Estell, R.E.; Morrison, A.A.; Richman, D.B., Volatile Composition of Gutierrezia sarothrae (Broom Snakeweed) as Determined by Steam Distillation and Solid Phase Microextraction, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2006, 18, 2, 121-125, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2006.9699039 . [all data]

Marongiu, Porcedda, et al., 2006
Marongiu, B.; Porcedda, S.; Piras, A.; Sanna, G.; Murreddu, M.; Loddo, R., Extraction of Juniperus communis L. ssp. nana Willd. essential oil by supercritical carbon dioxide, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 148-154, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1549 . [all data]

Meccia G., Rosquete C., et al., 2006
Meccia G.; Rosquete C.; Rojas L.B.; San Felician A., New labdane derivative from the essential oil of Acalypha plicata Mull.Arg., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 559-561, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1679 . [all data]

Mevy, Bessiere, et al., 2006
Mevy, J.P.; Bessiere, J.M.; Rabier, J.; Dherbomez, M.; Ruzzier, M.; Millogo, J.; Viano, J., Composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq., Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 80-83, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1511 . [all data]

Oliveira, Leitao, et al., 2006
Oliveira, D.R.; Leitao, G.G.; Santos, S.S.; Bizzo, H.R.; Lopes, D.; Alviano, C.S.; Alviano, D.S.; Leitao, S.G., Ethnopharmacological study of two Lippia species from Oriximina, Brazil, J. Ethnopharmacol., 2006, 108, 1, 103-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.018 . [all data]

Srivastava, Srivastava, et al., 2006
Srivastava, A.K.; Srivastava, S.K.; Syamsundar, K.V., Volatile composition of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. rhizome from central and southern India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 423-426, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1680 . [all data]

Sylvestre, Pichette, et al., 2006
Sylvestre, M.; Pichette, A.; Longtin, A.; Nagau, F.; Legault, J., Essential oil analysis and anticancer activity of leaf essential oil of Croton flavens L. from Guadeloupe, J. Ethnopharmacol., 2006, 103, 1, 99-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.011 . [all data]

Asuming, Beauchamp, et al., 2005
Asuming, W.A.; Beauchamp, P.S.; Descalzo, J.T.; Dev, B.C.; Dev, V.; Frost, S.; Ma, C.W., Essential oil composition of four Lomatium Raf. species and their chemotaxonomy, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 1, 17-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.06.005 . [all data]

Maia, Andrade, et al., 2005
Maia, J.G.S.; Andrade, E.H.A.; da Silva, A.C.M.; Oliveira, J.; Carreira, L.M.M.; Araújo, J.S., Leaf volatile oils from four Brazilian Xylopia species, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 5, 474-477, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1499 . [all data]

Medina, Lucero, et al., 2005
Medina, A.L.; Lucero, M.E.; Holguin, F.O.; Estell, R.E.; Posakony, J.J.; Simon, J.; O'Connell, M.A., Composition and antimicrobial activity of Anemopsis californica leaf oil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 22, 8694-8698, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0511244 . [all data]

Shatar S., 2005
Shatar S., Essential oil of Ferula ferulaoides from Western Mongolia, Chem. Nat. Compd. (Engl. Transl.), 2005, 41, 5, 607-608, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-005-0222-8 . [all data]

Ament K., Kant M.R., et al., 2004
Ament K.; Kant M.R.; Sabelis M.W.; Haring M.A.; Schuurink R.C., Differential timing of spider mite-induced direct and indirect defenses in tomato plants, Plant Physiol., 2004, 135, 1, 483-495, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.038315 . [all data]

Juliani, Zygadlo, et al., 2004
Juliani, H.R.; Zygadlo, J.A.; Scrivanti, R.; de la Sota, E.; Simon, J.E., The essential oil of Anemia tomentosa (Savigny) Sw. var. anthriscifolia (Schrad.) Mickel, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 6, 541-543, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1341 . [all data]

Morteza-Semnani, Azadbakht, et al., 2004
Morteza-Semnani, K.; Azadbakht, M.; Goodarzi, A., The essential oils composition of Phlomis herba-venti L. leaves and flowers of Iranian origin, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 1, 29-31, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1268 . [all data]

Ogunwande, Olawore, et al., 2004
Ogunwande, I.A.; Olawore, N.O.; Adeleke, K.A.; Ekundayo, O.; König, W.A., Rare terpenoid esters from Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf. growing wild in Nigeria, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 3, 239-243, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1295 . [all data]

Santos, Lopes, et al., 2004
Santos, A.P.; Lopes, M.C.; Limberger, R.P.; Apel, M.A.; Henriques, A.T.; Moreno, P.R.H., Analysis of the volatile oil from Pilocarpus pennatifolius Lemmaire (Rutaceae) leaves by GC-MS, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 4, 325-326, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1306 . [all data]

Siani, Garrido, et al., 2004
Siani, A.C.; Garrido, I.S.; Monteiro, S.S.; Carvalho, E.S.; Ramos, M.F.S., Protium icicariba as a source of volatile essences, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2004, 32, 5, 477-489, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2003.11.003 . [all data]

Velasco-Negueruela, Sanz, et al., 2004
Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Sanz, J.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; Palá-Paúl, J., The volatile components of the aerial parts of Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. melissophyllum gathered in Spain, Botanica Complutensis, 2004, 28, 133-136. [all data]

Yadav, Chauhan, et al., 2004
Yadav, A.R.; Chauhan, A.S.; Rekha, M.N.; Rao, L.J.M.; Ramteke, R.S., Flavour quality of dehydrated lime [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle], Food Chem., 2004, 85, 1, 59-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.06.002 . [all data]

Amparo Blázquez, Pérez, et al., 2003
Amparo Blázquez, M.; Pérez, I.; Boira, H., Essential oil analysis of Teucrium libanitis and T. turredanum by GC and GC-MS, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 6, 497-501, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1256 . [all data]

Baranauskiene, Venskutonis, et al., 2003
Baranauskiene, R.; Venskutonis, P.R.; Viskelis, P.; Dambrauskiene, E., Influence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 26, 7751-7758, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0303316 . [all data]

Bouzouita, Kachouri, et al., 2003
Bouzouita, N.; Kachouri, F.; Hamdi, M.; Chaabouni, M.M., Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Tunisian aromatic plants, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 5, 380-383, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1200 . [all data]

Couladis, Chinou, et al., 2003
Couladis, M.; Chinou, I.B.; Tzakou, O.; Petrakis, P.V., Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hypericum rumeliacum subsp. apollinis (Boiss. Heldr.), Phytother. Res., 2003, 17, 2, 152-154, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1093 . [all data]

Ogunwande, Olawore, et al., 2003
Ogunwande, I.A.; Olawore, N.O.; Kasali, A.A.; König, W.A., Chemical composition of the leaf volatile oils of Callitris intratropica R.T. Baker H.G. Smith from Nigeria, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 5, 387-389, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1214 . [all data]

Juliani and Simon, 2002
Juliani, H.R.; Simon, J.E., Antioxidant acitivity of basil in Trends in new crops and new uses, Janick,J.; Whipkey,A., ed(s)., ASHA Press, Alexandria, Va, 2002, 575-579. [all data]

Mevy, Bessiere, et al., 2002
Mevy, J.P.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Dherbomez, M.; Viano, J., Composition and some biological activities of the essential oils from an African pasture grass: Elionurus elegans Kunth., J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 15, 4240-4243, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0115140 . [all data]

Raina, Lal, et al., 2002
Raina, V.K.; Lal, R.K.; Tripathi, S.; Khan, M.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Srivastava, S.K., Erratum. Essential oil composition of genetically diverse stocks of Murraya koenigii from India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 404, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1139 . [all data]

Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2002
Raina, V.K.; Srivastava, S.K.; Syamasunder, K.V., The essential oil of 'greater galangal' [Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.] from the lower Himalayan region of India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 358-360, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1105 . [all data]

Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2002, 2
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Rajeswara Rao, 2001
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Adams, 2000
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Adams, 2000, 2
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Lopes, Kato, et al., 1999
Lopes, N.P.; Kato, M.J.; Andrade, E.H.A.; Maia, J.G.S.; Yoshida, M.; Planchart, A.R.; Katzin, A.M., Antimalarial use of volatile oil from leaves of Virola surinamensis (Rol.) Warb. by Waiãpi Amazon Indians, J. Ethnopharmacol., 1999, 67, 3, 313-319, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00072-0 . [all data]

Senatore and de Feo, 1999
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Siani, Ramos, et al., 1999
Siani, A.C.; Ramos, M.F.S.; Menezes-de-Lima, O., Jr.; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, R.; Fernadez-Ferreira, E.; Soares, R.O.A.; Rosas, E.C.; Susunaga, G.S.; Guimarães, A.C.; Zoghbi, M.G.B.; Henriques, M.G.M.O., Evaluation of anti-inflammatory-related activity of essential oils from the leaves and resin of species of Protium, J. Ethnopharmacol., 1999, 66, 1, 57-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00148-2 . [all data]

da Silva, Andrade, et al., 1999
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da Silva, Zoghbi, et al., 1999
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de Feo, Porta, et al., 1998
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Mallavarapu, Rao, et al., 1998
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Senatore, Urrunaga Soria, et al., 1998
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Senatore, 1998
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Jantan, I.; Ahmad, A.S.; Ahmad, A.R.; Ali, N.A.M.; Ayop, N., Chemical composition of some citrus oils from Malaysia, J. Essent. Oil Res., 1996, 8, 6, 627-632, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1996.9701030 . [all data]

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Padrayuttawat, A.; Tamura, H.; Yamao, M., A split injection system for the analysis of purge and trap headspace of the volatile components in Citrus sudachi, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1996, 19, 6, 365-369, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190613 . [all data]

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Wong and Tie, 1993
Wong, K.C.; Tie, D.Y., The Essential Oil of the Leaves of Murraya koenigii Spreng., J. Essent. Oil Res., 1993, 5, 4, 371-374, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698245 . [all data]

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Rao, A.S.; Rajanikanth, B.; Seshadri, R., Volatile aroma components of Curcuma amada Roxb., J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 3, 740-743, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a036 . [all data]

Ekundayo, Laakso, et al., 1988
Ekundayo, O.; Laakso, I.; Adegbola, R.-M.; Oguntimein, B.; Sofowora, A.; Hiltunen, R., Essential oil constituents of Ashanti pepper (Piper guineense) fruits (berries), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 5, 880-882, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00083a001 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, References

Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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