Citronellol

Formula: C₁₀H₂₀O
Molecular weight: 156.2652
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H20O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,10-11H,4,6-8H2,1-3H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 106-22-9
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
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Stereoisomers:
- 6-Octen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, (R)-
- (-)-3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol
Other names: 6-Octen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-; β-Citronellol; Cephrol; Rodinol; 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol; Elenol; Rhodinol; 2,6-Dimethyl-2-octen-8-ol; 2,3-Dihydrogeraniol; dl-Citronellol; NSC 8779; R-(+)-β-Citronellol; R-(+)-3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol; 1335-43-9; 26489-01-0; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol (citronellol)
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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-20	BP-20	BP-20	ZB-Wax	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	50.	50.	50.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	50.	40.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	220.	220.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	2.	4.	6.
Initial hold (min)				1.	10.
Final hold (min)	20.	20.	20.	10.	25.
I	1762.	1765.	1761.	1769.	1750.
Reference	Boti, Koukoua, et al., 2007	Duquesnoy, Castola, et al., 2007	Gonny, Cavaleiro, et al., 2006	Ugliano, Bartowsky, et al., 2006	Varming, Andersen, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	Stabilwax	DB-Wax	Innowax
Column length (m)	60.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	He	N2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	1.	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	40.	40.	40.	40.
T_end (C)	230.	250.	230.	250.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	3.	4.	3.	5.
Initial hold (min)	2.		2.		5.
Final hold (min)	20.	20.	10.	20.	2.
I	1771.	1755.	1760.	1757.	1717.
Reference	Choi, 2005	Fanciullino, Gancel, et al., 2005	Fang and Qian, 2005	Gancel, Ollitrault, et al., 2005	Pena, Barciela, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	HP-Wax	DB-Wax	RTX-Wax	ZB-Wax
Column length (m)	30.	30.	60.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	Helium	N2	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.50	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.15
T_start (C)	40.	60.	32.	45.	35.
T_end (C)	240.	220.	220.	240.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	7.	5.	3.	3.	1.8
Initial hold (min)		10.		6.	10.
Final hold (min)	5.			10.	10.
I	1773.	1722.	1774.	1752.	1768.
Reference	Bell, 2004	Bertoli, Pistelli, et al., 2004	Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 2004	Dugo, Mondello, et al., 2004	Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Innowax	Supelcowax	Supelcowax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	15.	25.	25.	60.	60.
Carrier gas	He			N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	35.	35.	35.	70.	40.
T_end (C)	225.	225.	225.	230.	210.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.	4.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)	5.	5.	5.	2.
Final hold (min)	20.	10.	10.	20.	40.
I	1779.	1775.	1775.	1771.	1754.
Reference	Chisholm, Jell, et al., 2003	Chisholm, Wilson, et al., 2003	Chisholm, Wilson, et al., 2003	Choi, 2003	Chyau, Ko, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	BP-20
Column length (m)	60.	30.	60.	60.	50.
Carrier gas	H2		N2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.32	0.25	0.32	0.22
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.5	0.25	0.5	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	40.	70.	67.	60.
T_end (C)	245.	240.	230.	235.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	1.5	7.	2.	2.7	2.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)	20.	5.	20.	30.	20.
I	1757.	1773.	1767.	1786.	1756.
Reference	Gancel, Ollitrault, et al., 2003	Högnadóttir and Rouseff, 2003	Choi, Kim. M.-S.L., et al., 2002	Claudela, Dirningera, et al., 2002	Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-20	DB-Wax	BP-20	DB-Wax	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	50.	30.	50.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		He	He	H2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.32	0.22	0.32	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.50	0.25	0.25	0.5
T_start (C)	60.	40.	60.	35.	60.
T_end (C)	220.	240.	220.	220.	245.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	7.	2.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)				0.5	3.
Final hold (min)	20.	5.			20.
I	1755.	1774.	1756.	1773.6	1760.
Reference	Pintore, Usai, et al., 2002	Lin and Rouseff, 2001	Lota, Serra, et al., 2001	Pet'ka, Mocák, et al., 2001	Wirth, Guo, et al., 2001
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	BP-20
Column length (m)	60.	60.	30.	60.	50.
Carrier gas	He	He		N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.5	0.53	0.32	0.25	0.22
Phase thickness (μm)	0.32	1.0	0.5	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	50.	60.	70.	60.
T_end (C)	290.	220.	245.	230.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	3.	3.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)	2.		3.	2.
Final hold (min)	5.		20.	20.	35.
I	1730.	1770.	1765.	1772.	1756.
Reference	Bartley and Jacobs, 2000	Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 2000	Bureau, Razungles, et al., 2000	Choi and Sawamura, 2000	Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2000
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-20	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	BP-20	SP-1000
Column length (m)	50.	60.	30.	50.	85.
Carrier gas	He	He	H2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.53	0.25	0.22	0.5
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25		0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	230.	220.	220.	230.	225.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	3.	2.	2.	3.
Initial hold (min)			3.
Final hold (min)	35.			35.
I	1756.	1770.	1760.	1756.	1770.
Reference	Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2000	Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 1999	Chassagne, Boulanger, et al., 1999	Lota, Serra, et al., 1999	Brophy, Forster, et al., 1998
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	Carbowax 20M	Carbowax 20M	HP-20M
Column length (m)	60.	25.	60.	50.	50.
Carrier gas		He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.2	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.425	0.2
T_start (C)	40.	50.	45.	30.	60.
T_end (C)	200.	240.	300.	170.	190.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	4.	3.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)	5.	3.	3.	2.
Final hold (min)	60.		20.	20.
I	1763.	1759.	1747.	1719.	1737.
Reference	Cha, Kim, et al., 1998	Möllenbeck, König, et al., 1997	Mondello, Dugo, et al., 1995	Píry, Príbela, et al., 1995	Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-FFAP	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax
Column length (m)	50.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25	0.25	0.5
T_start (C)	60.	50.	40.	40.	50.
T_end (C)	210.	220.	220.	220.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	4.	5.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)		3.	3.
Final hold (min)		20.
I	1781.	1748.	1777.	1771.	1760.7
Reference	Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993	Humpf and Schreier, 1991	Frohlich and Schreier, 1990	Le Quere and Latrasse, 1990	Chang, Sheng, et al., 1989
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	DB-Wax	Carbowax 20M
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	60.
Carrier gas		He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	50.	50.	50.
T_end (C)	240.	250.	250.	225.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	4.	4.	1.5
Initial hold (min)		3.	3.
Final hold (min)				80.
I	1762.6	1777.	1778.	1769.
Reference	Chang, Sheng, et al., 1989	Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989	Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989	Chen and Ho, 1988
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Boti, Koukoua, et al., 2007
Boti, J.B.; Koukoua, G.; N'Guessan, T.Y.; Casanova, J., Chemical variability of Conyza sumatrensis and Microglossa pyrifolia from Côte d'Ivoire, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 1, 27-31, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1743 . [all data]

Duquesnoy, Castola, et al., 2007
Duquesnoy, E.; Castola, V.; Casanova, J., Composition and chemical variability of the twig oil of Abies alba Miller from Corsica, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 4, 293-299, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1796 . [all data]

Gonny, Cavaleiro, et al., 2006
Gonny, M.; Cavaleiro, C.; Salgueiro, L.; Casanova, J., Analysis of Juniperus communis subsp. alpina needle, berry, wood and root oils by combination of GC, GC/MS and ¹³C-NMR, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1527 . [all data]

Ugliano, Bartowsky, et al., 2006
Ugliano, M.; Bartowsky, E.J.; McCarthy, J.; Moio, L.; Henschke, P.A., Hydrolysis and Transformation of Grape Glycosidically Bound Volatile Compounds during Fermentation with Three Saccharomyces Yeast Strains, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 17, 6322-6331, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0607718 . [all data]

Varming, Andersen, et al., 2006
Varming, C.; Andersen, M.L.; Poll, L., Volatile Monoterpenes in Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.) Juice: Effects of Heating and Enzymatic Treatment by β-Glucosidase, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 6, 2298-2302, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051938k . [all data]

Choi, 2005
Choi, H.-S., Characteristic odor components of kumquat (Fortunella japonica Swingle) peel oil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 5, 1642-1647, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040324x . [all data]

Fanciullino, Gancel, et al., 2005
Fanciullino, A.-L.; Gancel, A.-L.; Froelicher, Y.; Luro, F.; Ollitrault, P.; Brillouet, J.-M., Effects of Nucleo-cytoplasmic Interactions on Leaf Volatile Compounds from Citrus Somatic Diploid Hybrids, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 11, 4517-4523, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0502855 . [all data]

Fang and Qian, 2005
Fang, Y.; Qian, M., Aroma compounds in Oregon Pinot Noir wine determined by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 1, 22-29, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1551 . [all data]

Gancel, Ollitrault, et al., 2005
Gancel, A.-L.; Ollitrault, P.; Froelicher, Y.; Tomi, F.; Jacquemond, C.; Luro, F.; Brillouet, J.-M., Leaf volatile compounds of six citrus somatic allotetraploid hybrids originating from various combinations of lime, lemon, citron, sweet orange, and grapefruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 6, 2224-2230, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048315b . [all data]

Pena, Barciela, et al., 2005
Pena, R.M.; Barciela, J.; Herrero, C.; Garcia-Martin, S., Optimization of solid-phase microextraction methods for GC-MS determination of terpenes in wine, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2005, 85, 7, 1227-1234, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2121 . [all data]

Bell, 2004
Bell, W.A.-M., Examination of Aroma Volatiles Formed from Thermal Processing of Florida Reconstituted Grapefruit Juice. A Thesis presented to the graduate school of the university of Florida in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science, 2004. [all data]

Bertoli, Pistelli, et al., 2004
Bertoli, A.; Pistelli, L.; Morelli, I.; Fraternale, D.; Giamperi, L.; Ricci, D., Volatile constituents of different parts (roots, stems and leaves) of Smyrnium olusatrum L., Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 6, 522-525, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1382 . [all data]

Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 2004
Brophy, J.J.; Goldsack, R.J.; O'Sullivan, W., Chemistry of the Australian gymnosperms. Part VII. The leaf oils of the genus Actinostrobus, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2004, 32, 10, 867-873, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.05.001 . [all data]

Dugo, Mondello, et al., 2004
Dugo, P.; Mondello, L.; Zappia, G.; Bonaccorsi, I.; Cotroneo, A.; Russo, M.T., The composition of the volatile fraction and the enantiomeric distribution of five volatile components of faustrime oil (Monocitrus australatica x Fortunella sp. x Citrus aurantifolia), J. Essent. Oil Res., 2004, 16, 4, 328-333, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698734 . [all data]

Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 2004
Ledauphin, J.; Saint-Clair, J.-F.; Lablanquie, O.; Guichard, H.; Founier, N.; Guichard, E.; Barillier, D., Identification of trace volatile compounds in freshly distilled calvados and cognac using preparative separations coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 16, 5124-5134, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040052y . [all data]

Chisholm, Jell, et al., 2003
Chisholm, M.G.; Jell, J.A.; Cass, D.M., Jr., Characterization of the major odorants found in the peel oil of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Clementine using gas chromatography-olfactometry, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 4, 275-281, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1188 . [all data]

Chisholm, Wilson, et al., 2003
Chisholm, M.G.; Wilson, M.A.; Gaskey, G.M., Characterization of aroma volatiles in key lime essential oils (Cirtrus aurantifolia Swingle), Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 2, 106-115, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1172 . [all data]

Choi, 2003
Choi, H.-S., Character impact odorants of Citrus Hallabong [(C. unshiu Marcov × C. sinensis Osbeck) × C. reticulata Blanco] cold-pressed peel oil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 9, 2687-2692, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021069o . [all data]

Chyau, Ko, et al., 2003
Chyau, C.-C.; Ko, P.-T.; Chang, C.-H.; Mau, J.-L., Free and glycosidically bound aroma compounds in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), Food Chem., 2003, 80, 3, 387-392, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00278-9 . [all data]

Gancel, Ollitrault, et al., 2003
Gancel, A.-L.; Ollitrault, P.; Froelicher, Y.; Tomi, F.; Jacquemond, C.; Luro, F.; Brillouet, J.-M., Leaf volatile compounds of seven citrus somatic tetraploid hybrids sharing willow leaf mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Ten.) as their common parent, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 20, 6006-6013, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0345090 . [all data]

Högnadóttir and Rouseff, 2003
Högnadóttir, Á.; Rouseff, R.L., Identification of aroma active compounds in organce essence oil using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 998, 1-2, 201-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00524-7 . [all data]

Choi, Kim. M.-S.L., et al., 2002
Choi, H.-S.; Kim. M.-S.L.; Sawamura, M., Constituents of the essential oil of cnidium officinale Makino, a Korean medicinal plant, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 1, 49-53, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1038 . [all data]

Claudela, Dirningera, et al., 2002
Claudela, P.; Dirningera, N.; Etievant, P., Effects of water on gas chromatographic column efficiency measurements applied to on-column injections of volatile aroma compounds, J. Sep. Sci., 2002, 25, 5-6, 365-370, https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20020401)25:5/6<365::AID-JSSC365>3.0.CO;2-Y . [all data]

Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2002
Lota, M.-L.; de Rocca Serra, D.; Tomi, F.; Jacquemond, C.; Casanova, J., Volatile components of peel and leaf oils of lemon and lime species, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 4, 796-805, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010924l . [all data]

Pintore, Usai, et al., 2002
Pintore, G.; Usai, M.; Bradesi, P.; Juliano, C.; Boatto, G.; Tomi, F.; Chessa, M.; Cerri, R.; Casanova, J., Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. oils from Sardinia and Corsica, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 1, 15-19, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1022 . [all data]

Lin and Rouseff, 2001
Lin, J.; Rouseff, R.L., Characterization of aroma-impact compounds in cold-pressed grapefruit oil using time-intensity GC-olfactometry and GC-MS, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 6, 457-463, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1041 . [all data]

Lota, Serra, et al., 2001
Lota, M.-L.; Serra, D.R.; Jacquemond, C.; Tomi, F.; Casanova, J., Chemical variability of peel and leaf essential oils of sour orange, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 2, 89-96, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200103/04)16:2<89::AID-FFJ950>3.0.CO;2-D . [all data]

Pet'ka, Mocák, et al., 2001
Pet'ka, J.; Mocák, J.; Farkas, P.; Balla, B.; Kovác, M., Classification of Slovak varietal white wines by volatile compounds, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2001, 81, 15, 1533-1539, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.979 . [all data]

Wirth, Guo, et al., 2001
Wirth, J.; Guo, W.; Baumes, R.; Günata, Z., Volatile compounds released by enzymatic hydrolysis of glycoconjugates of leaves and grape berries from Vitis vinifera muscat of Alexandria and Shiraz cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 6, 2917-2923, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001398l . [all data]

Bartley and Jacobs, 2000
Bartley, J.P.; Jacobs, A.L., Effects of drying on flavour compounds in Australian-grown ginger (Zingiber officinale), J. Sci. Food Agric., 2000, 80, 2, 209-215, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000115)80:2<209::AID-JSFA516>3.0.CO;2-8 . [all data]

Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 2000
Brophy, J.J.; Goldsack, R.J.; Punruckvong, A.; Bean, A.R.; Forster, P.I.; Lepschi, B.J.; Doran, J.C.; Rozefelds, A.C., Leaf essential oils of the genus Leptospermum (Myrtaceae) in eastern Australia. Part 7. Leptospermum petersonii, L. liversidgei and allies, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 5, 342-351, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200009/10)15:5<342::AID-FFJ924>3.0.CO;2-V . [all data]

Bureau, Razungles, et al., 2000
Bureau, S.M.; Razungles, A.R.; Baumes, R.L., The aroma of Muscat of Frontignan grapes: effect of the light environment of vine or bunch on volatiles and glycoconjugates, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2000, 80, 14, 2012-2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0010(200011)80:14<2012::AID-JSFA738>3.0.CO;2-X . [all data]

Choi and Sawamura, 2000
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Lota, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2000
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Notes

Go To: Top, Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp, References

Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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