Isobaric Properties for Water
- Fluid Data
- Auxiliary Data
- References and Notes
- Notes
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Fluid Data
Isobaric Data for P = 10.000 MPa
Temperature (C) | Pressure (MPa) | Density (g/ml) | Volume (ml/g) | Internal Energy (kJ/kg) | Enthalpy (kJ/kg) | Entropy (J/g*K) | Cv (J/g*K) | Cp (J/g*K) | Sound Spd. (m/s) | Joule-Thomson (K/MPa) | Viscosity (uPa*s) | Therm. Cond. (W/m*K) | Phase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
90.000 | 10.000 | 0.96978 | 1.0312 | 374.42 | 384.73 | 1.1858 | 3.8038 | 4.1837 | 1570.6 | -0.18534 | 316.85 | 0.67821 | liquid |
91.000 | 10.000 | 0.96912 | 1.0319 | 378.60 | 388.92 | 1.1973 | 3.7987 | 4.1846 | 1570.1 | -0.18479 | 313.30 | 0.67873 | liquid |
92.000 | 10.000 | 0.96845 | 1.0326 | 382.78 | 393.10 | 1.2088 | 3.7936 | 4.1855 | 1569.6 | -0.18425 | 309.81 | 0.67923 | liquid |
93.000 | 10.000 | 0.96777 | 1.0333 | 386.95 | 397.29 | 1.2202 | 3.7885 | 4.1865 | 1569.0 | -0.18370 | 306.39 | 0.67973 | liquid |
94.000 | 10.000 | 0.96710 | 1.0340 | 391.13 | 401.47 | 1.2316 | 3.7835 | 4.1874 | 1568.4 | -0.18315 | 303.04 | 0.68020 | liquid |
95.000 | 10.000 | 0.96641 | 1.0348 | 395.31 | 405.66 | 1.2430 | 3.7784 | 4.1884 | 1567.8 | -0.18260 | 299.76 | 0.68067 | liquid |
Auxiliary Data
Reference States, default for fluid
Enthalpy | H = 2551.013479 kJ/kg at 26.9 C and 0.0010 MPa. |
---|---|
Entropy | S = 9.103679 J/g*K at 26.9 C and 0.0010 MPa. |
Additional fluid properties
Critical temperature (Tc) | 373.946 C |
---|---|
Critical pressure (Pc) | 22.0640 MPa |
Critical density (Dc) | 0.322000 g/ml |
Acentric factor | 0.3443 |
Normal boiling point | 99.9743 C |
Dipole moment | 1.855 Debye |
References and Notes
Equation of state
Wagner, W.; Pruss, A., The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 2, 387-535, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1461829 . [all data]International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, IAPWS R6-95, Revised Release on the IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, 2016. http://www.iapws.org/relguide/IAPWS-95.html
The uncertainty in density of the equation of state is 0.0001% at 1 atm in the liquid phase, and 0.001% at other liquid states at pressures up to 10 MPa and temperatures to 423 K. In the vapor phase, the uncertainty is 0.05% or less. The uncertainties rise at higher temperatures and/or pressures, but are generally less than 0.1% in density except at extreme conditions. The uncertainty in pressure in the critical region is 0.1%. The uncertainty of the speed of sound is 0.15% in the vapor and 0.1% or less in the liquid, and increases near the critical region and at high temperatures and pressures. The uncertainty in isobaric heat capacity is 0.2% in the vapor and 0.1% in the liquid, with increasing values in the critical region and at high pressures. The uncertainties of saturation conditions are 0.025% in vapor pressure, 0.0025% in saturated liquid density, and 0.1% in saturated vapor density. The uncertainties in the saturated densities increase substantially as the critical region is approached.
Auxillary model, Cp0
Wagner, W. and Pruss, A., 2002.
Auxillary model, PX0
Wagner, W. and Pruss, A., 2002.
Auxillary model, PH0
Wagner, W. and Pruss, A., 2002.
Viscosity
Huber, M.L.; Perkins, R.A.; Laesecke, A.; Friend, D.G.; Sengers, J.V.; Assael, M.J.; Metaxa, I.N.; Vogel, E.; Mares, R.; Miyagawa, K., New International Formulation for the Viscosity of H2O, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2009, 38, 2, 101-125, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3088050 . [all data]International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, "Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2008 for the Viscosity of Ordinary Water Substance," Sept. 2008, Berlin. http://www.iapws.org/relguide/viscosity.html
For the uncertainties, see the IAPWS Release or the publication cited above. NOTE: To use in faster 'industrial' mode, change critical model at end of this VS0 block to NUL instead of I08.
Thermal conductivity
Huber, M.L.; Perkins, R.A.; Friend, D.G.; Sengers, J.V.; Assael, M.J.; Metaxa, I.N.; Miyagawa, K.; Hellmann, R.; Vogel, E., New International Formulation for the Thermal Conductivity of H2O, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2012, 41, 3, 033102, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4738955 . [all data]International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, "Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2011 for the Thermal Conductivity of Ordinary Water Substance," Sept. 2011, Plzen, Czech Republic. http://www.iapws.org/relguide/ThCond.html
For the uncertainties, see the IAPWS Release or publication cited above.
Auxillary model, the thermal conductivity critical enhancement
Huber, M.L.; Perkins, R.A.; Friend, D.G.; Sengers, J.V.; Assael, M.J.; Metaxa, I.N.; Miyagawa, K.; Hellmann, R.; Vogel, E., New International Formulation for the Thermal Conductivity of H2O, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2012, 41, 3, 033102, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4738955 . [all data]Surface tension
International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, "Revised Release on Surface Tension of Ordinary Water Substance," IAPWS R1-76, June 2014. http://www.iapws.org/relguide/Surf-H2O.html
For the uncertainties in surface tension, see the IAPWS Release.
Dielectric constant
Fernandez, D.P.; Goodwin, A.R.H.; Lemmon, E.W.; Levelt Sengers, J.M.; Williams, R.C., A Formulation for the Static Permittivity of Water and Steam at Temperatures from 238 K to 873 K at Pressures up to 1200 MPa, Including Derivatives and Debye-Huckel Coefficients, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1997, 26, 4, 1125-1165, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555997 . [all data]Metling line
Wagner, W.; Riethmann, T.; Feistel, R.; Harvey, A.H., New Equations for the Sublimation Pressure and Melting Pressure of H2O Ice Ih, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2011, 40, 4, 043103, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3657937 . [all data]Sublimation line
Wagner, W.; Riethmann, T.; Feistel, R.; Harvey, A.H., New Equations for the Sublimation Pressure and Melting Pressure of H2O Ice Ih, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2011, 40, 4, 043103, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3657937 . [all data]Vapor pressure
Wagner, W. and Pruss, A., 2002.
Functional Form: P=Pc*EXP[SUM(Ni*Theta^ti)*Tc/T] where Theta=1-T/Tc, Tc and Pc are the reducing parameters below, which are followed by rows containing Ni and ti.
Saturated liquid density
Wagner, W. and Pruss, A., 2002.
Functional Form: D=Dc*[1+SUM(Ni*Theta^(ti/3))] where Theta=1-T/Tc, Tc and Dc are the reducing parameters below, which are followed by rows containing Ni and ti.
Saturated liquid volume
Wagner, W. and Pruss, A., 2002.
Functional Form: D=Dc*EXP[SUM(Ni*Theta^(ti/3))] where Theta=1-T/Tc, Tc and Dc are the reducing parameters below, which are followed by rows containing Ni and ti.
Notes
- Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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