Si4

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
2.140 ± 0.010N/APeppernick, Gunaratne, et al., 2010Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy
1.980 ± 0.040LPESKishi, Kawamata, et al., 1997Vertical Detachment Energy: 2.15±.02 eV
1.98 ± 0.16LPESKawamata, Neigishi, et al., 1996Vertical Detachment Energy: 2.19±0.04 eV.
1.920 ± 0.060LPESNakajima, Taguwa, et al., 1995Vertical Detachment Energy: 2.15±0.04 eV.
2.14999LPESKitsopoulos, Chick, et al., 1990 
1.80 ± 0.20LPESCheshnovsky, Yang, et al., 1987EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Adiabatic EA est as up to 1 eV smaller
<2.60011IMRBMandich, Bondybey, et al., 1987The values from this reference are ca. 0.4-0.8 eV more bound than from other references

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Marilyn E. Jacox

State:   1B1u
 Energy 
 (cm-1) 		  Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 		  λmax 
 (nm) 		  References
To = 21465 gas 1B1u-X 418 466 Winstead, He, et al., 1991
Hoops, Bise, et al., 2001
To = 21432 ± 9 Ne 1B1u-X 410 470 Weltner and McLeod, 1964
Fulara, Freivogel, et al., 1996
Vib. 
sym. 		  No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 		  cm-1   Med.   Method   References
ag 1 431 gas PF Hoops, Bise, et al., 2001
1 431 ± 14 Ne AB Fulara, Freivogel, et al., 1996
2 317 gas EM PF Winstead, He, et al., 1991
Hoops, Bise, et al., 2001
2 317 ± 14 Ne AB Weltner and McLeod, 1964
Fulara, Freivogel, et al., 1996

State:   3B1u
 Energy 
 (cm-1) 		  Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 		  λmax 
 (nm) 		  References
To = 16220 ± 80 gas Kitsopoulos, Chick, et al., 1990
Arnold and Neumark, 1993
Vib. 
sym. 		  No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 		  cm-1   Med.   Method   References
450 ± 20 gas PE TPE Kitsopoulos, Chick, et al., 1990
Arnold and Neumark, 1993
Xu, Taylor, et al., 1998

State:   3B1g
 Energy 
 (cm-1) 		  Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 		  λmax 
 (nm) 		  References
To = 13800 ± 160 gas Xu, Taylor, et al., 1998
Vib. 
sym. 		  No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 		  cm-1   Med.   Method   References
ag 1 355 ± 20 gas PE Xu, Taylor, et al., 1998

State:   3Bg
 Energy 
 (cm-1) 		  Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 		  λmax 
 (nm) 		  References
To = 12100 T gas Xu, Taylor, et al., 1998

State:   1B3u
 Energy 
 (cm-1) 		  Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 		  λmax 
 (nm) 		  References
To = 11050 ± 80 gas Kitsopoulos, Chick, et al., 1990
Arnold and Neumark, 1993
To = 10807 ± 2 Ne 1B3u-X 790 930 Fulara, Freivogel, et al., 1996
Vib. 
sym. 		  No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 		  cm-1   Med.   Method   References
ag 300 ± 8 gas TPE Arnold and Neumark, 1993
Xu, Taylor, et al., 1998
300 ± 6 Ne AB Fulara, Freivogel, et al., 1996

State:   3B3u
 Energy 
 (cm-1) 		  Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 		  λmax 
 (nm) 		  References
To = 6580 ± 80 gas Kitsopoulos, Chick, et al., 1990
Arnold and Neumark, 1993
Xu, Taylor, et al., 1998
Vib. 
sym. 		  No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 		  cm-1   Med.   Method   References
312 gas PE TPE Kitsopoulos, Chick, et al., 1990
Arnold and Neumark, 1993
Xu, Taylor, et al., 1998

State:   X

Vib. 
sym. 		  No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 		  cm-1   Med.   Method   References
ag 1 470 N2 Ra Honea, Ogura, et al., 1993
2 380 ± 20 gas PE Kitsopoulos, Chick, et al., 1990
Xu, Taylor, et al., 1998
2 345 N2 Ra Honea, Ogura, et al., 1993
b1u 4 501.9 Ne IR Li, Van Zee, et al., 1995
4 500.9 Ar IR Li, Van Zee, et al., 1995
4 498.5 Kr IR Li, Van Zee, et al., 1995

Additional references: Jacox, 1994, page 182; Jacox, 1998, page 245; Jacox, 2003, page 215

Notes

TTentative assignment or approximate value
oEnergy separation between the v = 0 levels of the excited and electronic ground states.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Peppernick, Gunaratne, et al., 2010
Peppernick, S.J.; Gunaratne, K.D.D.; Sayres, S.G.; Castleman, A.W., Photoelectron imaging of small silicon cluster anions, Si-n- (n=2-7), J. Chem. Phys., 2010, 132, 4, 044302, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3299271 . [all data]

Kishi, Kawamata, et al., 1997
Kishi, R.; Kawamata, H.; Neigishi, Y.; Iwata, S.; Nakajima, A.; Kaya, K., Geometric and Electronic Structures of Silicon-Sodium Binary Clusters. II. Photoelectron Spectroscopy of SinNam Cluster Anions, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 107, 23, 10029, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.474160 . [all data]

Kawamata, Neigishi, et al., 1996
Kawamata, H.; Neigishi, Y.; Kishi, R.; Iwata, S.; Nakajima, A.; Kaya, K., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Silicon-Fluorine Binary Cluster Anions (SinFm-), J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105, 13, 5369, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.472377 . [all data]

Nakajima, Taguwa, et al., 1995
Nakajima, A.; Taguwa, T.; Nakao, K.; Gomei, M.; Kishi, R.; Iwata, S.; Kaya, K., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of silicon-carbon cluster Anions (SinCm-), J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 103, 6, 2050, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.469731 . [all data]

Kitsopoulos, Chick, et al., 1990
Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Chick, C.J.; Weaver, A.; Neumark, D.M., Vibrationally Resolved Photoelectron Spectra of Si-3- and Si-4-, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 93, 8, 6108, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.459004 . [all data]

Cheshnovsky, Yang, et al., 1987
Cheshnovsky, O.; Yang, S.H.; Pettiette, C.L.; Craycraft, M.J.; Liu, Y.; Smalley, R.E., Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Clusters: Silicon and Germanium, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1987, 138, 2-3, 119, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(87)80353-6 . [all data]

Mandich, Bondybey, et al., 1987
Mandich, M.L.; Bondybey, V.E.; Reents, W.D., Reactive Etching of Positive and Negative Silicon Cluster Ions by Nitrogen Dioxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 7, 4245, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.451885 . [all data]

Winstead, He, et al., 1991
Winstead, C.B.; He, K.X.; Grantier, D.; Hammond, T.; Gole, J.L., Electric-field-enhanced laser-induced plasma spectroscopy of jet-cooled silicon trimer, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1991, 181, 2-3, 222, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)90358-G . [all data]

Hoops, Bise, et al., 2001
Hoops, A.A.; Bise, R.T.; Choi, H.; Neumark, D.M., Photodissociation spectroscopy and dynamics of Si4, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2001, 346, 1-2, 89, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00961-7 . [all data]

Weltner and McLeod, 1964
Weltner, W., Jr.; McLeod, D., Jr., Spectroscopy of Silicon Carbide and Silicon Vapors Trapped in Neon and Argon Matrices at 4° and 20°K, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 41, 1, 235, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1725627 . [all data]

Fulara, Freivogel, et al., 1996
Fulara, J.; Freivogel, P.; Grutter, M.; Maier, J.P., Electronic Absorption Spectra of Si, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 46, 18042, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp962575h . [all data]

Arnold and Neumark, 1993
Arnold, C.C.; Neumark, D.M., Study of Si4 and Si4- using threshold photodetachment (ZEKE) spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 99, 5, 3353, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.465145 . [all data]

Xu, Taylor, et al., 1998
Xu, C.; Taylor, T.R.; Burton, G.R.; Neumark, D.M., Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of silicon cluster anions Si[sub n][sup -] (n=3--7), J. Chem. Phys., 1998, 108, 4, 1395, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.475511 . [all data]

Honea, Ogura, et al., 1993
Honea, E.C.; Ogura, A.; Murray, C.A.; Raghavachari, K.; Sprenger, W.O.; Jarrold, M.F.; Brown, W.L., Raman spectra of size-selected silicon clusters and comparison with calculated structures, Nature, 1993, 366, 6450, 42, https://doi.org/10.1038/366042a0 . [all data]

Li, Van Zee, et al., 1995
Li, S.; Van Zee, R.J.; Weltner, W., Jr.; Raghavachari, K., Si3«58872»Si7. Experimental and theoretical infrared spectra, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1995, 243, 3-4, 275, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(95)00836-S . [all data]

Jacox, 1994
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994, 464. [all data]

Jacox, 1998
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement A, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 2, 115-393, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556017 . [all data]

Jacox, 2003
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement B, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2003, 32, 1, 1-441, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1497629 . [all data]

Notes

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