Propane

Formula: C₃H₈
Molecular weight: 44.0956
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C3H8/c1-3-2/h3H2,1-2H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 74-98-6
Chemical structure:
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Isotopologues:
Other names: n-Propane; Dimethylmethane; Freon 290; Liquefied petroleum gas; LPG; Propyl hydride; R 290; C3H8; UN 1978; A-108; Hydrocarbon propellant A-108; HC 290
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	-25.02 ± 0.12	kcal/mol	Ccb	Pittam and Pilcher, 1972	ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	-24.82 ± 0.14	kcal/mol	Ccb	Prosen and Rossini, 1945	Hf derived from Heat of Hydrogenation; ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_cH°_gas	-530.39 ± 0.11	kcal/mol	Ccb	Pittam and Pilcher, 1972	Corresponding Δ_fHº_gas = -25.02 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_gas	-526.78 ± 0.13	kcal/mol	Ccb	Prosen and Rossini, 1945	Hf derived from Heat of Hydrogenation; Corresponding Δ_fHº_gas = -28.63 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_gas	-530.57 ± 0.12	kcal/mol	Ccb	Rossini, 1934	Corresponding Δ_fHº_gas = -24.84 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_gas	-527.4	kcal/mol	Ccb	Guinchant, 1918	Corresponding Δ_fHº_gas = -28.0 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
8.141	50.	Chao J., 1973	Recommended values are in good agreement with those calculated by [ Pitzer K.S., 1944].; GT
9.871	100.
11.66	150.
13.40	200.
16.43	273.15
17.59	298.15
17.67	300.
22.47	400.
26.910	500.
30.760	600.
34.099	700.
36.991	800.
39.520	900.
41.730	1000.
43.659	1100.
45.349	1200.
46.809	1300.
48.090	1400.
49.209	1500.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
11.69	148.2	Ernst G., 1970	Please also see Kistiakowsky G.B., 1940, Kistiakowsky G.B., 1940, 2, Dailey B.P., 1943.; GT
12.04	157.8
14.00	213.1
14.17	219.2
15.75	258.0
16.19	272.38
17.37 ± 0.02	293.15
17.58	300.37
18.19 ± 0.02	313.15
19.19 ± 0.02	333.15
19.25	334.05
19.66	343.65
20.17 ± 0.02	353.15
20.36	360.05
20.90	368.55
21.62	387.75
25.069	452.55
27.890	521.15
29.099	561.95
30.750	603.25
33.609	693.15

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_liquid	-28.64 ± 0.14	kcal/mol	Ccb	Prosen and Rossini, 1945	Hf derived from Heat of Hydrogenation; ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_liquid	40.87	cal/mol*K	N/A	Kemp and Egan, 1938	Debye extrapolation, 0 to 15 K.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

C_p,liquid (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
23.51	230.	Vas'kov, 1982	T = 90 to 230 K. Cp given as 2.2305 J/g*K.; DH
28.59	300.	Goodwin, 1978	T = 81 to 289 K. Cp data reported for an extended data set; unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
23.49	230.	Kemp and Egan, 1938	T = 15 to 230 K.; DH

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Notes

Pittam and Pilcher, 1972
Pittam, D.A.; Pilcher, G., Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 8.-Methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and 2-methylpropane, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 1972, 68, 2224-2229. [all data]

Prosen and Rossini, 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion and formation of the paraffin hydrocarbons at 25° C, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 263-267. [all data]

Rossini, 1934
Rossini, F.D., Calorimetric determination of the heats of combustion of ethane, propane, normal butane, and normal pentane, J. Res. NBS, 1934, 12, 735-750. [all data]

Guinchant, 1918
Guinchant, M.J., Etude sur la fonction acide dans les derives metheniques et methiniques, Ann. Chem., 1918, 10, 30-84. [all data]

Chao J., 1973
Chao J., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of ethane and propane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1973, 2, 427-438. [all data]

Pitzer K.S., 1944
Pitzer K.S., Thermodynamics of gaseous paraffins. Specific heat and related properties, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1944, 36, 829-831. [all data]

Ernst G., 1970
Ernst G., Ideal and real gas state heat capacities Cp of C3H8, i-C4H10, C2F5Cl, CH2ClCF3, CF2ClCFCl2, and CHF2Cl, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1970, 2, 787-791. [all data]

Kistiakowsky G.B., 1940
Kistiakowsky G.B., The low temperature gaseous heat capacities of certain C3 hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Phys., 1940, 8, 970-977. [all data]

Kistiakowsky G.B., 1940, 2
Kistiakowsky G.B., Gaseous heat capacities. II, J. Chem. Phys., 1940, 8, 610-618. [all data]

Dailey B.P., 1943
Dailey B.P., The heat capacities at higher temperatures of ethane and propane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 42-44. [all data]

Kemp and Egan, 1938
Kemp, J.D.; Egan, C.J., Hindered rotation of the methyl groups in propane. The heat capacity, vapor pressure, heats of fusion and vaporization of propane. Entropy and density of the gas, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 1521-1525. [all data]

Vas'kov, 1982
Vas'kov, E.T., Heat capacity of propane, Deposited Doc., 1982, VINITI 1728-82, 1-15. [all data]

Goodwin, 1978
Goodwin, R.D., Specific heats of saturated and compressed liquid propane, J. Res., 1978, NBS 83, 449-458. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, References

Symbols used in this document:

C_p,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
C_p,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
S°_liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_cH°_gas	Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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