Tricarbon


Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Marilyn E. Jacox

State:   1Su+


 Energy 
 (cm-1
 Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 
 λmax 
 (nm) 
 References

To = 53792 Ne 1Su+-X 130 186 Monninger, Forderer, et al., 2002
To = 52274 Ar 1Su+-X 132 191 Chang and Graham, 1982
Monninger, Forderer, et al., 2002


Vib. 
sym. 
 No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 
 cm-1   Med.   Method   References

Σg+ 1 Sym. stretch 1080 ± 30 Ar AB Chang and Graham, 1982
Πu 2 Bend 300 ± 30 Ar AB Chang and Graham, 1982
Monninger, Forderer, et al., 2002
Σu+ 3 Asym. stretch 780 ± 30 Ar AB Chang and Graham, 1982

State:   D


 Energy 
 (cm-1
 Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 
 λmax 
 (nm) 
 References

To = 42266 ± 8 gas Saha and Western, 2006


Vib. 
sym. 
 No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 
 cm-1   Med.   Method   References

Σg+ 1 Sym. stretch 1234 ± 4 w gas DR Saha and Western, 2006
Πu 2 Bend 486 ± 3 w gas DR Saha and Western, 2006
Σu+ 3 Asym. stretch 1778 ± 8 w gas DR Saha and Western, 2006

State:   B


 Energy 
 (cm-1
 Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 
 λmax 
 (nm) 
 References

gas B-X 266 302 Lemire, Fu, et al., 1989
Rohlfing and Goldsmith, 1989
Rohlfing, 1989
Izuha and Yamanouchi, 2000
Ne B-X 281 302 Weltner and McLeod, 1966
Forney, Freivogel, et al., 1996
Ar B-X 280 284 Szczepanski and Vala, 1991


Vib. 
sym. 
 No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 
 cm-1   Med.   Method   References

Σg+ 1 Sym. stretch 940 ± 60 gas LF Izuha and Yamanouchi, 2000
Πu 2 Bend 222 ± 20 H Ne AB Forney, Freivogel, et al., 1996
2 Bend 195 H Ar AB Szczepanski and Vala, 1991

State:   ?


 Energy 
 (cm-1
 Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 
 λmax 
 (nm) 
 References

Ar 367 373 Szczepanski and Vala, 1991

State:   A


 Energy 
 (cm-1
 Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 
 λmax 
 (nm) 
 References

To = 24675.38 gas A-X 325 640 Douglas, 1951
Clusius and Douglas, 1954
Gausset, Herzberg, et al., 1963
Gausset, Herzberg, et al., 1965
Merer, 1967
Smith, Anselment, et al., 1987
Rohlfing, 1989
Baker, Bramble, et al., 1993
Balfour, Cao, et al., 1994
Izuha and Yamanouchi, 1995
Baker, Bramble, et al., 1997
Tokaryk and Chomiak, 1997
Izuha and Yamanouchi, 1998
McCall, Casaes, et al., 2003
Tanabashi, Hirao, et al., 2005
Zhang, Chen, et al., 2005
Chen, Merer, et al., 2010
To = 24640 Ne A-X 347 488 Weltner, Walsh, et al., 1964
Weltner and McLeod, 1964
Weltner and McLeod, 1966
Bondybey and English, 1978
To = 24408 Ar A-X 352 624 Bondybey and English, 1978
Cermak, Forderer, et al., 1998
To = 24370 Ar A-X 352 624 Weltner, Walsh, et al., 1964
Weltner and McLeod, 1964
Barger and Broida, 1965
Bondybey and English, 1978
Cermak, Forderer, et al., 1998
To = 24350 Kr Barger and Broida, 1965
To = 23610 Xe Weltner, Walsh, et al., 1964
Barger and Broida, 1965
To = 24498.6 H2 A-X 381 409 Hoshina, Kato, et al., 2004
To = 24635 N2 Barger and Broida, 1965


Vib. 
sym. 
 No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 
 cm-1   Med.   Method   References

Σg+ 1 Sym. stretch 1085.9 gas AB Gausset, Herzberg, et al., 1965
Baker, Bramble, et al., 1993
1 Sym. stretch 1094 ± 6 Ne AB Weltner and McLeod, 1964
1 Sym. stretch 1093 ± 6 Ar AB Weltner and McLeod, 1964
Barger and Broida, 1965
1 Sym. stretch 1090 Kr AB Barger and Broida, 1965
1 Sym. stretch 1120 Xe AB Barger and Broida, 1965
1 Sym. stretch 1094.3 H2 AB Hoshina, Kato, et al., 2004
1 Sym. stretch 1050 N2 AB Barger and Broida, 1965
Πu 2 Bend 307.9 gas AB Gausset, Herzberg, et al., 1965
Σu+ 3 Asym. stretch 541.7 gas LF Izuha and Yamanouchi, 1995
Izuha and Yamanouchi, 1998

State:   b


 Energy 
 (cm-1
 Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 
 λmax 
 (nm) 
 References

To = 23570 ± 210 gas b-a 1530 1640 Sasada, Amano, et al., 1991
Tokaryk and Civis, 1995
To = 23584 Ne Smith, Agreiter, et al., 1993


Vib. 
sym. 
 No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 
 cm-1   Med.   Method   References

Πu 2 Bend 392 ± 13 gas EM DL Tokaryk and Civis, 1995
Tokaryk, Harvie, et al., 2002

State:   a


 Energy 
 (cm-1
 Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 
 λmax 
 (nm) 
 References

To = 17090 ± 210 gas b-a 1530 1640 Sasada, Amano, et al., 1991
Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991
Tokaryk and Civis, 1995
To = 17080 Ne a-X 585 631 Weltner and McLeod, 1964
Bondybey and English, 1978
Ne b-a 1250 1538 Smith, Agreiter, et al., 1993
To = 16930 Ar a-X 590 857 Weltner and McLeod, 1964
Szczepanski and Vala, 1993
Cermak, Forderer, et al., 1998
Ar b-a 1253 1544 Smith, Agreiter, et al., 1993


Vib. 
sym. 
 No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 
 cm-1   Med.   Method   References

Σg+ 1 Sym. stretch 1156.5 T Ne IR Smith, Agreiter, et al., 1993
1 Sym. stretch 1154.2 T Ar IR Smith, Agreiter, et al., 1993
Πu 2 Bend 542 ± 13 gas EM DL Tokaryk and Civis, 1995
Tokaryk, Harvie, et al., 2002
Σu+ 3 Asym. stretch 1449.53 gas DL Hwang, Klassen, et al., 1996
3 Asym. stretch 1454.1 Ne IR Smith, Agreiter, et al., 1993
3 Asym. stretch 1455.3 Ar IR Smith, Agreiter, et al., 1993

State:   X


Vib. 
sym. 
 No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 
 cm-1   Med.   Method   References

Σg+ 1 Sym. stretch 1224.49 gas AB LF Merer, 1967
Smith, Anselment, et al., 1987
Rohlfing, 1989
Baker, Bramble, et al., 1993
Zhang, Chen, et al., 2005
1 Sym. stretch 1226 Ne EM Weltner and McLeod, 1964
1 Sym. stretch 1216.4 ± 0.6 Ar IR Ortman, Hauge, et al., 1988
Szczepanski and Vala, 1993
Cermak, Forderer, et al., 1998
1 Sym. stretch 1215.8 T Kr IR Szczepanski, Ekern, et al., 1996
1 Sym. stretch 1209 T H2 IR Hoshina, Kato, et al., 2004
1 Sym. stretch 1234 T N2 IR Ortman, Hauge, et al., 1988
Πu 2 Bend 63.42 gas UV DL Gausset, Herzberg, et al., 1965
Kawaguchi, Matsumura, et al., 1989
Rohlfing, 1989
2 Bend 63.42 gas SEP TF Northrup and Sears, 1989
Schmuttenmaer, Cohen, et al., 1990
Gendriesch, Pehl, et al., 2003
2 Bend 78 ± 2 A gas LF Zhang, Lin, et al., 2004
2 Bend 70 T Ne AB Weltner and McLeod, 1964
2 Bend 73.0 ± 0.3 H Ar LF Cermak, Forderer, et al., 1998
Σu+ 3 Asym. stretch 2040.02 gas IR DL Hinkle, Keady, et al., 1988
Matsumura, Kanamori, et al., 1988
Rohlfing, 1989
3 Asym. stretch 2043.5 Ne IR Weltner, Walsh, et al., 1964
Wu, Chen, et al., 2009
3 Asym. stretch 2038.9 s Ar IR Weltner, Walsh, et al., 1964
Jacox and Milligan, 1974
Cermak, Forderer, et al., 1998
3 Asym. stretch 2033.3 Kr IR Szczepanski, Ekern, et al., 1996
3 Asym. stretch 2035.9 H2 IR Miki, Wakabayashi, et al., 1996
Tam, Macler, et al., 1997
Hoshina, Kato, et al., 2004
3 Asym. stretch 2034.5 H2 IR Hoshina, Kato, et al., 2004
3 Asym. stretch 2031 N2 IR Ortman, Hauge, et al., 1988

Additional references: Jacox, 1994, page 65; Jacox, 1998, page 168; Jacox, 2003, page 81; Becker, Tatarczyk, et al., 1979; Reisler, Mangir, et al., 1980; Jungen and Merer, 1980; Rohlfing and Goldsmith, 1990; Northrup and Sears, 1990; Northrup, Sears, et al., 1991

Notes

wWeak
sStrong
H(1/2)(2ν)
TTentative assignment or approximate value
oEnergy separation between the v = 0 levels of the excited and electronic ground states.
A0~1 cm-1 uncertainty

References

Go To: Top, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Monninger, Forderer, et al., 2002
Monninger, G.; Forderer, M.; Gurtler, P.; Kalhofer, S.; Petersen, S.; Nemes, L.; Szalay, P.G.; Kratschmer, W., Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Carbon Molecule C, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2002, 106, 24, 5779, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0142536 . [all data]

Chang and Graham, 1982
Chang, K.W.; Graham, W.R.M., Vacuum UV spectrum of C3 trapped in argon at 8 K, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 9, 4300, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.444431 . [all data]

Saha and Western, 2006
Saha, S.; Western, C.M., Experimental and ab initio study of a new D [sup 1]Δ[sub g] state of the C[sub 3] radical, J. Chem. Phys., 2006, 125, 22, 224307, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2399528 . [all data]

Lemire, Fu, et al., 1989
Lemire, G.W.; Fu, Z.; Hamrick, Y.M.; Taylor, S.; Morse, M.D., New electronic band systems of jet-cooled carbon trimer: 266-302 nm, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 6, 2313, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100343a024 . [all data]

Rohlfing and Goldsmith, 1989
Rohlfing, E.A.; Goldsmith, J.E.M., Stimulated emission pumping spectroscopy of jet-cooled C3, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 90, 11, 6804, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456300 . [all data]

Rohlfing, 1989
Rohlfing, E.A., Laser-induced-fluorescence spectroscopy of jet-cooled C3, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 91, 8, 4531, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456791 . [all data]

Izuha and Yamanouchi, 2000
Izuha, M.; Yamanouchi, K., Severely perturbed vibrational structure in the 266--310 nm electronic transition of C[sub 3], J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 113, 24, 10999, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1326070 . [all data]

Weltner and McLeod, 1966
Weltner, W., Jr.; McLeod, D., Jr., Spectroscopy of Carbon Vapor Condensed in Rare-Gas Matrices at 4°K. III, J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 8, 3096, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1728066 . [all data]

Forney, Freivogel, et al., 1996
Forney, D.; Freivogel, P.; Grutter, M.; Maier, J.P., Electronic absorption spectra of linear carbon chains in neon matrices. IV. C2n+1 n=2--7, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 104, 13, 4954, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.471127 . [all data]

Szczepanski and Vala, 1991
Szczepanski, J.; Vala, M., Correlation of infrared and UV-visible bands of matrix-isolated carbon clusters, J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 7, 2792, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100160a030 . [all data]

Douglas, 1951
Douglas, A.E., Laboratory Studies of the λ 4050 Group of Cometary Spectra., Astrophys. J., 1951, 114, 466, https://doi.org/10.1086/145486 . [all data]

Clusius and Douglas, 1954
Clusius, K.; Douglas, A.E., THE λ4050 BANDS OF THE C, Can. J. Phys., 1954, 32, 5, 319, https://doi.org/10.1139/p54-030 . [all data]

Gausset, Herzberg, et al., 1963
Gausset, L.; Herzberg, G.; Lagerqvist, A.; Rosen, B., Spectrum of the C3 molecule, Disc. Faraday Soc., 1963, 35, 113, https://doi.org/10.1039/df9633500113 . [all data]

Gausset, Herzberg, et al., 1965
Gausset, L.; Herzberg, G.; Lagerqvist, A.; Rosen, B., Analysis of the 4050-Å Group of the C_{3} Molecule., Astrophys. J., 1965, 142, 45, https://doi.org/10.1086/148262 . [all data]

Merer, 1967
Merer, A.J., ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF C, Can. J. Phys., 1967, 45, 12, 4103, https://doi.org/10.1139/p67-342 . [all data]

Smith, Anselment, et al., 1987
Smith, R.S.; Anselment, M.; DiMauro, L.F.; Frye, J.M.; Sears, T.J., Laser induced fluorescence study of the B 2B2→X 2A2 transition of the furan cation in a supersonic free jet expansion, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87, 8, 4435, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.452856 . [all data]

Baker, Bramble, et al., 1993
Baker, J.; Bramble, S.K.; Hamilton, P.A., A hot band LIF study of the A 1Πu-X1Σ+g transition in C3, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993, 213, 3-4, 297, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(93)85135-B . [all data]

Balfour, Cao, et al., 1994
Balfour, W.J.; Cao, J.; Prasad, C.V.V.; Zian, C.X.W., Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of the A 1Πu--X 1Σ+g transition in jet-cooled C3, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 101, 12, 10343, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.467914 . [all data]

Izuha and Yamanouchi, 1995
Izuha, M.; Yamanouchi, K., New vibronic bands of the laser-vaporized C3 cluster. Determination of the ν3 fundamental in the state, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1995, 242, 4-5, 435, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(95)00758-V . [all data]

Baker, Bramble, et al., 1997
Baker, J.; Bramble, S.K.; Hamilton, P.A., Observation of New Bands in theA1Πu--X1Σg+Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectrum of C3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1997, 183, 1, 6, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1996.7235 . [all data]

Tokaryk and Chomiak, 1997
Tokaryk, D.W.; Chomiak, D.E., Laser spectroscopy of C[sub 3]: Stimulated emission and absorption spectra of the A [sup 1]Π[sub u]--X [sup 1]Σ[sub g][sup +] transition, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 106, 18, 7600, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.473762 . [all data]

Izuha and Yamanouchi, 1998
Izuha, M.; Yamanouchi, K., New A--X vibronic bands of laser-vaporized C[sub 3], J. Chem. Phys., 1998, 109, 5, 1810, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.476756 . [all data]

McCall, Casaes, et al., 2003
McCall, B.J.; Casaes, R.N.; Adamkovics, M.; Saykally, R.J., A re-examination of the 4051 Å band of C3 using cavity ringdown spectroscopy of a supersonic plasma, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2003, 374, 5-6, 583, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00769-3 . [all data]

Tanabashi, Hirao, et al., 2005
Tanabashi, A.; Hirao, T.; Amano, T.; Bernath, P.F., Fourier Transform Emission Spectra of the (000)--(000) Band of the λ4051.6 Band of C, Astrophys. J., 2005, 624, 2, 1116, https://doi.org/10.1086/429316 . [all data]

Zhang, Chen, et al., 2005
Zhang, G.; Chen, K.-S.; Merer, A.J.; Hsu, Y.-C.; Chen, W.-J.; Shaji, S.; Lo, Y.-A., The 4051-A band of C[sub 3] (A [sup 1]Π[sub u]-X [sup 1]Σ[sub g][sup +], 000-000): Perturbed low-J lines and lifetime measurements, J. Chem. Phys., 2005, 122, 24, 244308, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1928827 . [all data]

Chen, Merer, et al., 2010
Chen, C.-W.; Merer, A.J.; Chao, J.-M.; Hsu, Y.-C., Laser excitation spectrum of C3 in the region 26000--30700cm-1, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 2010, 263, 1, 56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2010.06.010 . [all data]

Weltner, Walsh, et al., 1964
Weltner, W., Jr.; Walsh, P.N.; Angell, C.L., Spectroscopy of Carbon Vapor Condensed in Rare-Gas Matrices at 4° and 20°K. I, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 40, 5, 1299, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1725312 . [all data]

Weltner and McLeod, 1964
Weltner, W., Jr.; McLeod, D., Jr., Spectroscopy of Carbon Vapor Condensed in Rare-Gas Matrices at 4° and 20°K. II, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 40, 5, 1305, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1725313 . [all data]

Bondybey and English, 1978
Bondybey, V.E.; English, J.H., Relaxation processes in matrix isolated C3, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 10, 4641, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.435571 . [all data]

Cermak, Forderer, et al., 1998
Cermak, I.; Forderer, M.; Cermakova, I.; Kalhofer, S.; Stopka-Ebeler, H.; Monninger, G.; Kratschmer, W., Laser-induced emission spectroscopy of matrix-isolated carbon molecules: Experimental setup and new results on C[sub 3], J. Chem. Phys., 1998, 108, 24, 10129, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.476472 . [all data]

Barger and Broida, 1965
Barger, R.L.; Broida, H.P., Spectra of C3 in Solidified Gases at 4° and 20°K, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 7, 2364, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1697134 . [all data]

Hoshina, Kato, et al., 2004
Hoshina, H.; Kato, Y.; Morisawa, Y.; Wakabayashi, T.; Momose, T., UV and IR absorption spectra of C3 embedded in solid para-hydrogen, Chem. Phys., 2004, 300, 1-3, 69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.01.018 . [all data]

Sasada, Amano, et al., 1991
Sasada, H.; Amano, T.; Jarman, C.; Bernath, P.F., A new triplet band system of C3: The b 3Πg--a 3Πu transition, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 94, 4, 2401, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.460710 . [all data]

Tokaryk and Civis, 1995
Tokaryk, D.W.; Civis, S., Infrared emission spectra of C3: the Renner effect in the a3Πu and b3Πg electronic states, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 103, 10, 3928, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.469580 . [all data]

Smith, Agreiter, et al., 1993
Smith, A.M.; Agreiter, J.; Engel, C.; Bondybey, V.E., FT-IR studies of optically pumped C3 in rare gas matrices. The vibrational and electronic absorption spectrum of the ã 3Πu state, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993, 207, 4-6, 531, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(93)89043-H . [all data]

Tokaryk, Harvie, et al., 2002
Tokaryk, D.W.; Harvie, D.J.; Lees, R.M.; Xu, L.-H., Bending vibrational wave numbers in the a [sup 3]Π[sub u] and b [sup 3]Π[sub g] states of C[sub 3], J. Chem. Phys., 2002, 117, 10, 4825, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1498470 . [all data]

Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991
Arnold, D.W.; Bradforth, S.E.; Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Neumark, D.M., Vibrationally Resolved Spectra of C2-C11 by Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 12, 8753, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461211 . [all data]

Szczepanski and Vala, 1993
Szczepanski, J.; Vala, M., The ν1+ν3 combination mode of C3 in Ar and Kr matrices: Evidence for a bent structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 99, 10, 7371, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.465717 . [all data]

Hwang, Klassen, et al., 1996
Hwang, C.H.; Klassen, S.A.; Moazzen-Ahmadi, N.; Tokaryk, D.W., Infrared diode laser spectroscopy of C3: the ν3 band of the electronic state, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1996, 250, 3-4, 273, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(96)00030-9 . [all data]

Ortman, Hauge, et al., 1988
Ortman, B.J.; Hauge, R.H.; Margrave, J.L., Chemical reactions of carbon atoms and molecules from laser-induced vaporization of graphite, TaC and WC, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1988, 40, 3, 439, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(88)90132-X . [all data]

Szczepanski, Ekern, et al., 1996
Szczepanski, J.; Ekern, S.; Chapo, C.; Vala, M., Infrared spectroscopy of matrix-isolated carbon clusters, with emphasis on C8 and C9, Chem. Phys., 1996, 211, 1-3, 359, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(96)00212-1 . [all data]

Kawaguchi, Matsumura, et al., 1989
Kawaguchi, K.; Matsumura, K.; Kanamori, H.; Hirota, E., Diode laser spectroscopy of C3: The ν2+ν3-ν2, 2ν2+ν3- 2ν2, and 2ν2+ν3 bands, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 91, 4, 1953, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.457054 . [all data]

Northrup and Sears, 1989
Northrup, F.J.; Sears, T.J., Observation of stimulated emission pumping spectra of jet-cooled NCS and C3, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1989, 159, 5-6, 421, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(89)87510-4 . [all data]

Schmuttenmaer, Cohen, et al., 1990
Schmuttenmaer, C.A.; Cohen, R.C.; Pugliano, N.; Heath, J.R.; Cooksy, A.L.; Busarow, K.L.; Saykally, R.J., Tunable far-IR laser spectroscopy of jet-cooled carbon clusters: the nu 2 bending vibration of C3, Science, 1990, 249, 4971, 897, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.11538082 . [all data]

Gendriesch, Pehl, et al., 2003
Gendriesch, R.; Pehl, K.; Giesen, T.; Winnewisser, G.; Lewen, F., Z. Naturforsch., 2003, 58a, 129. [all data]

Zhang, Lin, et al., 2004
Zhang, G.; Lin, B.-G.; Wen, S.-M.; Hsu, Y.-C., The C[sub 3]-bending levels of the C[sub 3]--Ar complex studied by optical spectroscopy and ab initio calculation, J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 120, 7, 3189, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1641017 . [all data]

Hinkle, Keady, et al., 1988
Hinkle, K.H.; Keady, J.J.; Bernath, P.F., Detection of C3 in the Circumstellar Shell of IRC+10216, Science, 1988, 241, 4871, 1319, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.241.4871.1319 . [all data]

Matsumura, Kanamori, et al., 1988
Matsumura, K.; Kanamori, H.; Kawaguchi, K.; Hirota, E., Infrared diode laser kinetic spectroscopy of the ν3 band of C3, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 89, 6, 3491, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.454919 . [all data]

Wu, Chen, et al., 2009
Wu, Y.-J.; Chen, H.-F.; Camacho, C.; Sitek, H.A.; Hsu, S.-C.; Lin, M.-Y.; Chou, S.-L.; Ogilvie, J.F.; Cheng, B.-M., FORMATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF INTERSTELLAR MOLECULE LINEAR C, Astrophys. J., 2009, 701, 1, 8, https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/701/1/8 . [all data]

Jacox and Milligan, 1974
Jacox, M.E.; Milligan, D.E., Matrix isolation study of the vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of allene and methylacetylene. Vibrational and electronic spectra of the species C3, C3H, C3H2, and C3H3, Chem. Phys., 1974, 4, 1, 45, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(74)80047-9 . [all data]

Miki, Wakabayashi, et al., 1996
Miki, M.; Wakabayashi, T.; Momose, T.; Shida, T., Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Clusters Trapped in Solid Parahydrogen, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 30, 12135, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp961214z . [all data]

Tam, Macler, et al., 1997
Tam, S.; Macler, M.; Fajardo, M.E., Matrix isolation spectroscopy of laser ablated carbon species in Ne, D[sub 2], and H[sub 2] matrices, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 106, 22, 8955, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.474028 . [all data]

Jacox, 1994
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994, 464. [all data]

Jacox, 1998
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement A, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 2, 115-393, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556017 . [all data]

Jacox, 2003
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Becker, Tatarczyk, et al., 1979
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Notes

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