Propane

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Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil231.1 ± 0.2KAVGN/AAverage of 17 out of 21 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus85.5KN/AStreng, 1971Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Tfus85.46KN/AKlipping and Schmidt, 1965Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Tfus83.25KN/AHarteck and Edse, 1938Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC
Tfus86.05KN/AHicks-Brunn and Bruun, 1936Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.15 K; TRC
Tfus85.35KN/ATimmermans, 1921Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple85. ± 3.KAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ptriple1.685×10-9barN/AYounglove and Ely, 1987Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.×10-12 bar; TRC
Ptriple1.6895×10-9barN/AGoodwin and Haynes, 1982TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc369.9 ± 0.2KAVGN/AAverage of 30 out of 37 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc42.5 ± 0.1barAVGN/AAverage of 25 out of 32 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Vc0.200l/molN/AAmbrose and Tsonopoulos, 1995 
Vc0.2l/molN/AYounglove and Ely, 1987Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.001 l/mol; TRC
Vc0.198l/molN/ABarber, Kay, et al., 1982Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.004 l/mol; TRC
Vc0.202l/molN/AMeyer, 1941Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.003 l/mol; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc5.1 ± 0.4mol/lAVGN/AAverage of 14 out of 15 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap16.25kJ/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
18.774231.04N/AKemp and Egan, 1938DH
19.04231.1N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
18.8293.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 278. - 332. K.; AC
19.5233.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 165. - 248. K.; AC
22.1150.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 104. - 165. K.; AC
19.0266.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 231. - 281. K.; AC
19.2344.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 329. - 369. K.; AC
18.9327.N/AMajer, Sváb, et al., 1980Based on data from 312. - 367. K.; AC
18.77256.N/AReid, 1972AC
20.0216.N/AReidel, 1938Based on data from 166. - 231. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-αTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) 278. - 361.
A (kJ/mol) 27.9
α 0.0208
β 0.3766
Tc (K) 369.8
ReferenceMajer and Svoboda, 1985

Entropy of vaporization

ΔvapS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
81.26231.04Kemp and Egan, 1938DH

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
277.6 - 360.84.536781149.3624.906Helgeson and Sage, 1967Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
230.6 - 320.73.98292819.296-24.417Rips, 1963Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
166.02 - 231.414.01158834.26-22.763Kemp and Egan, 1938Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
28.586.BBondi, 1963AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
3.5185.5ACPerkins, Ochoa, et al., 2009AC
3.5285.5N/AAcree, 1991AC

Temperature of phase transition

Ttrs (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
45.5crystalineglassTakeda, Oguni, et al., 1990DH

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔHtrs (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
3.52485.45crystaline, IliquidKemp and Egan, 1938DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔStrs (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
41.2485.45crystaline, IliquidKemp and Egan, 1938DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Streng, 1971
Streng, A.G., Miscibility and Compatibility of Some Liquid and Solidified Gases at Low Temperature, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 357. [all data]

Klipping and Schmidt, 1965
Klipping, G.; Schmidt, F., Temperature Measurement with the Vapor Pressure Thermometer, Kaeltetechnik, 1965, 17, 382-4. [all data]

Harteck and Edse, 1938
Harteck, P.; Edse, R., Vapor-pressure Measurement of Propane, Z. Phys. Chem., Abt. A, 1938, 182, 220. [all data]

Hicks-Brunn and Bruun, 1936
Hicks-Brunn, M.M.; Bruun, J.H., The Freezing and Boiling Point of Propane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 810-2. [all data]

Timmermans, 1921
Timmermans, J., The Freezing Points of Organic Substances IV. New Exp. Determinations, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1921, 30, 62. [all data]

Younglove and Ely, 1987
Younglove, B.A.; Ely, J.F., Thermophysical Properties of Fluids II. Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal Butane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16, 577. [all data]

Goodwin and Haynes, 1982
Goodwin, R.D.; Haynes, W.M., Thermophysical Properties of Propane from 85 to 700 K at Pressures to 70 MPa, NBS Monogr. (U. S.) No. 170, 249 pp., 1982. [all data]

Ambrose and Tsonopoulos, 1995
Ambrose, D.; Tsonopoulos, C., Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 2. Normal Alkenes, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1995, 40, 531-546. [all data]

Barber, Kay, et al., 1982
Barber, J.R.; Kay, W.B.; Teja, A.S., A study of the volumetric and phase behavior of binary systems: part I. critical properties of propane + perfluorocyclobutane mixtures., AIChE J., 1982, 28, 134-8. [all data]

Meyer, 1941
Meyer, R.E., , Ph.D. Thesis, Penn. State Univ., Univ. Park, PA, 1941. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Kemp and Egan, 1938
Kemp, J.D.; Egan, C.J., Hindered rotation of the methyl groups in propane. The heat capacity, vapor pressure, heats of fusion and vaporization of propane. Entropy and density of the gas, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 1521-1525. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Majer, Sváb, et al., 1980
Majer, V.; Sváb, L.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of vaporization and cohesive energies for a group of chlorinated hydrocarbons, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1980, 12, 9, 843-847, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(80)90028-2 . [all data]

Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C., Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00, AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637 . [all data]

Reidel, 1938
Reidel, L., Z. Ges. Kalte-Ind., 1938, 45, 221. [all data]

Helgeson and Sage, 1967
Helgeson, N.L.; Sage, B.H., Latent Heat of Vaporization of Propane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1967, 12, 1, 47-49, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60032a015 . [all data]

Rips, 1963
Rips, S.M., On a Feasible Level of Filling in of Reservoires by Liquid Hydrocarbons, Khim. Prom. (Moscow), 1963, 8, 610-613. [all data]

Bondi, 1963
Bondi, A., Heat of Siblimation of Molecular Crystals: A Catalog of Molecular Structure Increments., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1963, 8, 3, 371-381, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60018a027 . [all data]

Perkins, Ochoa, et al., 2009
Perkins, Richard A.; Ochoa, Jesus C. Sanchez; Magee, Joseph W., Thermodynamic Properties of Propane. II. Molar Heat Capacity at Constant Volume from (85 to 345) K with Pressures to 35 MPa, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2009, 54, 12, 3192-3201, https://doi.org/10.1021/je900137r . [all data]

Acree, 1991
Acree, William E., Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation, Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H . [all data]

Takeda, Oguni, et al., 1990
Takeda, K.; Oguni, M.; Suga, H., A DTA apparatus for vapour-deposited samples. Characterisation of some vapour-deposited hydrocarbons, Thermochim. Acta, 1990, 158(1), 195-203. [all data]


Notes

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