Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro-

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-173.7 ± 1.0kcal/molCcrErastov, Kolesov, et al., 1981Correction by Kolesov and Papina, 1983

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-180.4 ± 1.0kcal/molCcrErastov, Kolesov, et al., 1981Correction by Kolesov and Papina, 1983; ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-153.3 ± 0.45kcal/molCcrErastov, Kolesov, et al., 1981Correction by Kolesov and Papina, 1983; ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid69.19cal/mol*KN/AKolesov, Kosarukina, et al., 1981DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
41.23303.15Wirbser, Brauning, et al., 1992T = 288 to 503 K. p = 0.6 MPa.; DH
41.32298.15Vesely, Zabransky, et al., 1988T = 298 to 318 K. Cp(J/mol*K) = 113.21 + 0.1991(T/K) (240 to 337 K).; DH
41.30298.15Kolesov, Kosarukina, et al., 1981T = 8 to 300 K.; DH
42.97298.15Benning, McHarness, et al., 1940T = 243 to 336 K. Data calculated from equation.; DH
42.30298.2Riedel, 1939T = -30 to 61°C.; DH
42.30298.2Riedel, 1938T = -30 to 61°C.; DH

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil321.KN/APCR Inc., 1990BS
Tboil320.42KN/AKrauss and Stephan, 1989Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC
Tboil320.9KN/AWeast and Grasselli, 1989BS
Tboil320.7KN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple236.55KN/AKrauss and Stephan, 1989Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC
Ttriple237.93KN/AGolovanova and Kolesov, 1984Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Ttriple236.92KN/AKolesov, Kosarukina, et al., 1981, 2Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc487.25KN/AKrauss and Stephan, 1989Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; TRC
Tc487.5KN/AOkada, Uematsu, et al., 1986Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.48 K; Tc selected from literature to correlate density measurement; TRC
Tc487.2KN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Tc487.48KN/AMastroianni, Stahl, et al., 1978Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.55 K; visual disappearance of meniscus; TRC
Tc487.25KN/ABenning and McHarness, 1940Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; by visual observation of meniscus; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc33.35atmN/AKrauss and Stephan, 1989Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 atm; TRC
Pc33.6622atmN/AMastroianni, Stahl, et al., 1978Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0680 atm; from vapor pressure eq. at Tc; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc3.04mol/lN/AOkada, Uematsu, et al., 1986Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0304 mol/l; Density measured with magnetic densimeter. Tc, Dc selected from literature to correlate density measurements. R113; TRC
ρc3.0416mol/lN/AMastroianni, Stahl, et al., 1978Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0513 mol/l; plot of rectilinear diameters; TRC
ρc3.07mol/lN/ABenning and McHarness, 1940Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.01 mol/l; by extrapolation of rectilinear diameter to critical temp.; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap6.838kcal/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap6.74 ± 0.1kcal/molVErastov, Kolesov, et al., 1981Correction by Kolesov and Papina, 1983; ALS
Δvap6.79 ± 0.02kcal/molCMajer, Svoboda, et al., 1980AC
Δvap6.74 ± 0.1kcal/molN/AVarushchenko and Bulgakova, 1974AC
Δvap6.86kcal/molVHiraoka and Hildebrand, 1963ALS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
6.463320.7N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
6.76288.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 273. - 319. K.; AC
7.39253.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 238. - 364. K.; AC
6.43375.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 360. - 473. K.; AC
6.88307.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 297. - 317. K.; AC
6.57 ± 0.02313.CMajer, Svoboda, et al., 1980AC
6.36 ± 0.02328.CMajer, Svoboda, et al., 1980AC
6.74288.N/AHiraoka and Hildebrand, 1963, 2Based on data from 273. - 318. K.; AC
7.36263.N/ABenning and McHarness, 1940, 2Based on data from 248. - 356. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) A (kcal/mol) β Tc (K) Reference Comment
298. - 328.10.560.2836487.2Majer and Svoboda, 1985 

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
247.67 - 356.54.023651112.856-44.119Benning and McHarness, 1940, 2Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
7.86219.AStull, 1947Based on data from 205. - 233. K.; AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
0.5559273.93Golovanova and Kolesov, 1984, 2DH
0.590236.9Acree, 1991AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
2.03273.93Golovanova and Kolesov, 1984, 2DH

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔHtrs (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
0.198682.5crystaline, IIcrystaline, IKolesov, Kosarukina, et al., 1981DH
0.5896236.92crystaline, IliquidKolesov, Kosarukina, et al., 1981DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔStrs (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
2.4182.5crystaline, IIcrystaline, IKolesov, Kosarukina, et al., 1981DH
2.49236.92crystaline, IliquidKolesov, Kosarukina, et al., 1981DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Site Links, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Chlorine + Ethene, chlorotrifluoro- = Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro-

By formula: Cl2 + C2ClF3 = C2Cl3F3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-48.82 ± 0.48kcal/molCmLacher, McKinley, et al., 1949gas phase; Heat of Chlorination at 363 °K

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

kH(T) = H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

H (mol/(kg*bar)) d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) Method Reference Comment
0.0020 QN/A missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species.
0.00343200.XN/A 
0.0020 VN/A 

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
11.99 ± 0.02PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
12.05PEDoucet, Sauvageau, et al., 1975Vertical value; LLK

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-8899
NIST MS number 233813

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-1528.Helmig, Pollock, et al., 199630. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-5540.Helmig, Pollock, et al., 199660. m/0.33 mm/0.25 μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBP-1524.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone532.Blunden, Aneja, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min)
CapillarySPB-1526.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryDB-1522.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1522.Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 199360. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min
CapillarySPB-1527.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySPB-1555.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB530.Weller and Wolf, 198940. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C
CapillaryOV-1530.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M660.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Site Links, NIST Free Links, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Erastov, Kolesov, et al., 1981
Erastov, P.A.; Kolesov, V.P.; Dityateva, L.N.; Golovanova, Yu.G., The enthalpy of formation of 1,1,2-trifluoro-1,2,2-trichloroethane, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1981, 13, 663-669. [all data]

Kolesov and Papina, 1983
Kolesov, V.P.; Papina, T.S., Thermochemistry of Haloethanes, Russ. Chem. Rev., 1983, 52, 425. [all data]

Kolesov, Kosarukina, et al., 1981
Kolesov, V.P.; Kosarukina, E.A.; Zhogin, D.Yu.; Poloznikova, M.E.; Pentin, Yu.A., Heat capacities, phase transitions, and thermodynamic functions of 1,1,2,2,-tetrafluoro-1,2-dichloroethane and 1,1,3-trifluoro-1,2,2-trichloroethane, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1981, 13, 115-129. [all data]

Wirbser, Brauning, et al., 1992
Wirbser, H.; Brauning, G.; Ernst, G., Flow-calorimetric specific heat capacities of the refrigerants CFCl3 (R11) and CF2ClCFCl2 (R113) at pressures between 0.6 MPa and 30 MPa and temperatures between 288.15 and 503.15 K, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1992, 24, 783-784. [all data]

Vesely, Zabransky, et al., 1988
Vesely, F.; Zabransky, M.; Barcal, P.; Svoboda, V., Molar heat capacities of four liquid fluorinated and halogenated ethanes, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1988, 20, 1283-1285. [all data]

Benning, McHarness, et al., 1940
Benning, A.F.; McHarness, R.C.; Markwood, W.H., Jr.; Smith, W.J., Thermodynamic properties of fluorochloromethanes and -ethanes. Heat capacity of the liquid and vapor of three fluorochloromethanes and trifluorotrichloroethane, Ind. and Eng. Chem., 1940, 32, 976-980. [all data]

Riedel, 1939
Riedel, L., Determination of the thermal properties of trifluorotrichloroethane, Bull. Int. Inst. Refrig. Annex 20, 1939, No.3, 1-10. [all data]

Riedel, 1938
Riedel, L., Bestimmung der thermischen Eigenschaften von Trifluortrichloräthan, Z. ges. Kalte.-Ind., 1938, 45, 221-225. [all data]

PCR Inc., 1990
PCR Inc., Research Chemicals Catalog 1990-1991, PCR Inc., Gainesville, FL, 1990, 1. [all data]

Krauss and Stephan, 1989
Krauss, R.; Stephan, K., Thermal Conductivity of Refrigerants in a Wide Range of Temperature and Pressure, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1989, 18, 43. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Golovanova and Kolesov, 1984
Golovanova, Y.G.; Kolesov, V.P., Enthalpies of melting, melting temperatures, and cryoscopic constants of some haloorganic compounds, Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 2: Khim., 1984, 25, 244. [all data]

Kolesov, Kosarukina, et al., 1981, 2
Kolesov, V.P.; Kosarukina, E.A.; Zhogin, D.Yu.; Poloznikova, M.E.; Pentin, Y.A., Heat capacities, phase transitions, and thermodynamic functions of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1,2-dichloroethane and 1,1,2-trifluoro- 1,2,2-trichloroethane, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1981, 13, 115. [all data]

Okada, Uematsu, et al., 1986
Okada, M.; Uematsu, M.; Watanabe, K., Orthobaric liquid densities of trichloro-fluoromethane, dichlorodi-fluoromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane, and of the azeotropic mixtur, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1986, 18, 527. [all data]

Mastroianni, Stahl, et al., 1978
Mastroianni, M.J.; Stahl, R.F.; Sheldon, P.N., Phys. and Thermo. Prop. of 1,1,2-Trrifluorotrichloromethane (R-113) 113), J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1978, 23, 113-118. [all data]

Benning and McHarness, 1940
Benning, A.F.; McHarness, R.C., Thermodynamic Properties of Fluorochloromethanes and -Ethanes densities and critical constants of three fluorochloromethanes and trifluorotrichloroethane, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1940, 32, 814. [all data]

Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1980
Majer, Vladimír; Svoboda, Václav; Posta, Antonín; Pick, Jirí, Determination of heats of vaporization and some other thermodynamic quantities for several fluorinated halogen derivatives of ethane and propane, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1980, 45, 11, 3063-3068, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19803063 . [all data]

Varushchenko and Bulgakova, 1974
Varushchenko, R.M.; Bulgakova, L.L., Tr. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1974, 1, 69. [all data]

Hiraoka and Hildebrand, 1963
Hiraoka, H.; Hildebrand, J.H., Solubility relations of the isomeric trichlorotrifluoroethanes, J. Phys. Chem., 1963, 67, 916. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Hiraoka and Hildebrand, 1963, 2
Hiraoka, H.; Hildebrand, J.H., SOLUBILITY RELATIONS OF THE ISOMERIC TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANES, J. Phys. Chem., 1963, 67, 4, 916-918, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100798a049 . [all data]

Benning and McHarness, 1940, 2
Benning, A.F.; McHarness, R.C., Thermodynamic Properties of Fluorochloromethanes and -Ethanes Vapor Pressure of Three Fluorochloromethanes and Trifluorotichloroethane, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1940, 32, 4, 497-499, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50364a011 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Golovanova and Kolesov, 1984, 2
Golovanova, Yu.G.; Kolesov, V.P., Enthalpies of melting, melting temperatures, and cryoscopic constants of some haloorganic compounds, Vestn. Mosk Univ., Ser. 2: Khim., 1984, 25(3), 244-248. [all data]

Acree, 1991
Acree, William E., Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation, Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H . [all data]

Lacher, McKinley, et al., 1949
Lacher, J.R.; McKinley, J.J.; Walden, C.; Lea, K.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic fluorine compounds. II. The vapor phase heats of chlorination of some simple fluoroolefins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 1334-1337. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Doucet, Sauvageau, et al., 1975
Doucet, J.; Sauvageau, P.; Sandorfy, C., Photoelectron far-ultraviolet absorption spectra of chlorofluoro derivatives of ethane, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 355. [all data]

Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996
Helmig, D.; Pollock, W.; Greenberg, J.; Zimmerman, P., Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of volatile organic trace gases at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101, D9, 14697-14710, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD00212 . [all data]

Health Safety Executive, 2000
Health Safety Executive, MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air - Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24, retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs96.pdf. [all data]

Blunden, Aneja, et al., 2005
Blunden, J.; Aneja, V.P.; Lonneman, W.A., Characterization of non-methane volatile organic compounds at swine facilities in eastern North Carolina, Atm. Environ., 2005, 39, 36, 6707-6718, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.053 . [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. [all data]

Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Brachetti, A.; Frattoni, M.; Sparapani, R., Composition and Distribution of Polar and Non-Polar VOCs in Urban, Rural, Forest and Remote Areas, Eur Commission EUR, 1994, 549-568. [all data]

Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993
Ciccioli, P.; Brancaleoni, E.; Cecinato, A.; Sparapani, R.; Frattoni, M., Identification and determination of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in forest areas of Northern and Southern Europe and a remote site of the Himalaya region by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 643, 1-2, 55-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80541-F . [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Weller and Wolf, 1989
Weller, J.-P.; Wolf, M., Massenspektroskopie und Headspace-GC, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med., 1989, 47, 525-532. [all data]

Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 2, 423-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99622-5 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Site Links, NIST Free Links, References