Bromine

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to Br2+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)10.517 ± 0.003eVN/AN/AL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
2.42002ECDAyala, Wentworth, et al., 1981Vertical Detachment Energy: 1.60 eV; B
2.60 ± 0.20NBIEDispert and Lacmann, 1977B
2.62 ± 0.20EndoHughes, Lifschitz, et al., 1973B
2.55 ± 0.10NBIEBaeda, 1972B
2.51 ± 0.10EndoChupka, Berkowitz, et al., 1971B
2.87 ± 0.14EIAEDeCorpo and Franklin, 1971From CBr4; B
1.470 ± 0.050NBIEHubers, Kleyn, et al., 1976Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
10.518 ± 0.003TEYencha, Hopkirk, et al., 1995LL
10.516 ± 0.005TERuscic and Berkowitz, 1994LL
10.51 ± 0.02PIMonks, Stief, et al., 1994LL
10.5 ± 0.3EILau and Hildenbrand, 1987LBLHLM
10.515 ± 0.005PEVan Lonkhuyzen and De Lange, 1984LBLHLM
10.55PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
10.52EVALHuber and Herzberg, 1979LLK
10.8 ± 0.2EIKaposi, Popovic, et al., 1977LLK
10.51 ± 0.01PEPotts and Price, 1971LLK
10.7 ± 0.1EIDeCorpo and Franklin, 1971LLK
10.51PECornford, Frost, et al., 1971LLK
10.52 ± 0.01PIDibeler, Walker, et al., 1970RDSH
10.56 ± 0.01SVenkateswarlu, 1968RDSH
10.51PEDyke, Josland, et al., 1984Vertical value; LBLHLM
10.57PEUtsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1976Vertical value; LLK
10.92PEUtsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1976Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
Br+10.48 ± 0.02Br-PIMorrison, Hurzeler, et al., 1960RDSH
Br+10.38 ± 0.05Br-EIFrost and McDowell, 1960RDSH
Br+10.31Br-PIWatanabe, 1957RDSH

Anion protonation reactions

Bromine anion + Hydrogen cation = Hydrogen bromide

By formula: Br- + H+ = HBr

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr323.540 ± 0.050kcal/molD-EABlondel, Cacciani, et al., 1989gas phase; reported: 27129.170±0.015 cm-1; B
Δr323.4 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSTaft and Bordwell, 1988gas phase; B
Δr320.60kcal/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; F-; ; ΔS(acid)=19.2; ΔS(EA)=6.4; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr318.30 ± 0.15kcal/molH-TSBlondel, Cacciani, et al., 1989gas phase; reported: 27129.170±0.015 cm-1; B
Δr318.2 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRETaft and Bordwell, 1988gas phase; B
Δr315.40kcal/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; F-; ; ΔS(acid)=19.2; ΔS(EA)=6.4; B

Constants of diatomic molecules

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg

Data collected through September, 1976

Symbols used in the table of constants
SymbolMeaning
State electronic state and / or symmetry symbol
Te minimum electronic energy (cm-1)
ωe vibrational constant – first term (cm-1)
ωexe vibrational constant – second term (cm-1)
ωeye vibrational constant – third term (cm-1)
Be rotational constant in equilibrium position (cm-1)
αe rotational constant – first term (cm-1)
γe rotation-vibration interaction constant (cm-1)
De centrifugal distortion constant (cm-1)
βe rotational constant – first term, centrifugal force (cm-1)
re internuclear distance (Å)
Trans. observed transition(s) corresponding to electronic state
ν00 position of 0-0 band (units noted in table)
Diatomic constants for 79Br2
StateTeωeωexeωeyeBeαeγeDeβereTrans.ν00
RydbergFragments of additional Rydberg series converging to A 2Πu of Br2+.
missing citation
Rydberg series converging to X2 2Πg,3/2 of Br2+ : ν = 88306 1 - R/(n-δ)2 , δ = 2.416, 2.446, 2.591, 2.629, n = 5,6,7.
missing citation
Rydberg series converging to X1 2Πg,3/2 of Br2+ : ν = 85165 2 - R/(n-1.843)2 ,n=5,...,12.
missing citation
Rydberg series converging to X1 2Πg,3/2 of Br2+ : ν = 85165 2 - R/(n-1.938)2 ,n=5,...,18.
missing citation
Rydberg series converging to X1 2Πg,3/2 of Br2+ : ν = 85165 2 - R/(n-δ)2 , δ = 2.225, 2.422, 2.593, n = 5,...,20.
missing citation
StateTeωeωexeωeyeBeαeγeDeβereTrans.ν00
N 76537 230 3         N ← X R 76491 H
missing citation
M 74060 241 3 H (0.3)        M ← X R 74019 H
missing citation
L 72727 218 3 H 3        L ← X R 72674 H
missing citation
Several groups of diffuse emission bands in the region 23600 - 50000 cm-1 have been assigned Venkateswarlu, 1947 to transitions from four states at 47000, 55534, 61444, 66500 cm-1 to various repulsive states arising from Br(2P3/2,1/2) + Br(2P3/2,1/2) .
Venkateswarlu, 1947
StateTeωeωexeωeyeBeαeγeDeβereTrans.ν00
(K ) 4           (K) ← X 
Venkateswarlu, 1969
(K)  293 3 5         l → X R 62266 H
Haranath and Rao, 1958
(K )  426 3 5         M → X V 60879 H
Haranath and Rao, 1958
(K)  281 3 5         L → X R 59855 H
Haranath and Rao, 1958
  6          
Rao and Venkateswarlu, 1964
StateTeωeωexeωeyeBeαeγeDeβereTrans.ν00
H (56820) 108 3 7 1.5        H → B (40890) 7
Verma, 1958
G 56337 (255) $eH         G → X $gR 56303 H
Haranath and Rao, 1958
F 52191 (120) 3 H         F → X 8 R 52090 H
Haranath and Rao, 1958
E 51634.0 150.9 3 0.495 9        E ↔ B 10 35724 3
Venkateswarlu and Verma, 1958; missing citation; Wieland, Tellinghuisen, et al., 1972
StateTeωeωexeωeyeBeαeγeDeβereTrans.ν00
D 48499 162 3 0.29        D → B 32595
Venkateswarlu and Verma, 1958, 2
C 1Πu 1u (24000) 11          C 12 ← X (24000)
Cordes and Sponer, 1930; Aickin and Bayliss, 1938; Mulliken, 1940; Rees, 1947; Bayliss and Sullivan, 1954; Coxon, 1973
B 3Πu 0u+ 15902.47 167.607 Z 1.6361 13 -0.009369 0.059589 14 15 16 0.0004891  3.013E-08 17  2.67757 B ↔ X 12 18 16 R 15823.47 Z
missing citation; missing citation; Holzer, Murphy, et al., 1970; Barrow, Clark, et al., 1974; Ault, Howard, et al., 1975
A 3Πu 1u 13905 153 3 H 2.7 19  0.0588 20 21 (0.0008)    2.695 A ↔ X 12 18 21 R 13818 22
Horsley, 1967; missing citation; Coxon, 1972
StateTeωeωexeωeyeBeαeγeDeβereTrans.ν00
X 1Σg+ 0 325.321 Z 1.0774 -0.002298 0.082107 23 0.0003187 -0.000001045 2.092E-08 17  2.28105 24  

Notes

1The interval of 3141 cm-1 between X1 2Π3/2 and X2 2Π1/2 of Br2+ derived from the Rydberg series does not agree with the value 2820 cm-1 from the photoelectron spectrum Cornford, Frost, et al., 1971. The discrepancy may be accounted for by assuming that instead of v'=0 as suggested in Venkateswarlu, 1969 the 2Π1/2 series listed here have v'=2 while the 2Π3/2 series have v'=1 (see 2).
2According to the photoionization and photoelectron value of the ionization potential (see 26) the five 2Π3/2 Rydberg series in the table refer to v'=l. Vibrational structure; see Venkateswarlu, 1969.
3Normal isotopic mixture.
4Extensive system of absorption bands in the region 59000 - 67000 cm-1; no analysis. This system may include transitions to the upper states of:
5a) emission systems of Haranath and Rao, 1958
6b) a long resonance series (63817 - 53779 cm-1).
7The vibrational analysis is doubtful since only v"=21-32 were observed. v00 (extrapolated) and Te are different from Verma, 1958 to allow for the new data on the B state Barrow, Clark, et al., 1974.
8System H-X of Haranath and Rao, 1958, not observed in absorption.
9ωeze= +0.000065; vibrational constants from the reanalysis Wieland, Tellinghuisen, et al., 1972 of the emission data of Venkateswarlu and Verma, 1958 and the absorption data of Briggs and Norrish, 1963. See 10 .
10It is not entirely certain that the lower state is B 3Πu,0+ and not A 3Πu,1.
11Several absorption continua beyond 19580 cm-1 corresponding to a number of electronic transitions including that to C 1Πu with maximum at 24000 cm-1.
12Also observed in magnetic circular dichroism Brith, Rowe, et al., 1975 and photofragment Oldman, Sander, et al., 1975 spectra. The latter authors confirm Mulliken's Mulliken, 1940 prediction that C 1Πu dissociates into 2Π3/2 + 2Π3/2 and observe evidence for several excited g states by two-photon photofragment studies near 28000 and 38000 cm-1.
13(for v≤8). Vibrational levels observed to v=55, dissociation limit (2P3/2+2P1/2) at 19579.76 cm-1 above X 1Σg+(v=0,J=0). See 16. Absorption in the B 0u+ continuum Bondybey, Bearder, et al., 1976.
14Hfs observed in v=12 (81Br2) and v=17(79Br2); see Eng and LaTourrette, 1974.
15Predissociation was observed Lum and McAfee, 1975, Lum and Hozack, 1975 for v=42, J=33 by the laser-molecular beam technique. B → X emitted in the recombination of Br(2P3/2) atoms shows strong enhancement of bands with 5<v'< 10 presumably on account of inverse predissociation Clyne, Coxon, et al., 1971. See also 18.
16RKR potential function and Franck-Condon factors Coxon, 1971, Barrow, Clark, et al., 1974. For the behavior of the potential function near the dissociation limit 13 see Goscinski, 1972, Yee and Stone, 1973, LeRoy, 1974.
17Dv and higher order constants in Barrow, Clark, et al., 1974.
18Estimated radiative lifetimes for A and B range from 1000 to 2000 and 12 to 70 μs, respectively Coxon, 1972, Coxon, 1973, Bondybey, Bearder, et al., 1976. For the B state Capelle, Sakurai, et al., 1971 find total lifetimes of the order of 1 μs; minima (~0.2 μs) occur for v=1 and 14 probably on account of predissociation. For lifetimes near the dissociation limit 13 of B see McAfee and Hozack, 1976.
19Convergence limit for 79Br2 at 15894.6 cm-1 above X 1Σg+ (v=0,J=0), corresponding to 2P3/2 + 2P3/2. A weak continuous spectrum joins onto the limit and overlaps the main absorption system B ← X; see Sulzmann, Bien, et al., 1967.
20Extrapolated from v=7; constants for v=0.. .6 have not been determined. Bv, Dv, Hv, and Λ-type doubling constants for v=7...24 in Coxon, 1972.
21RKR potential function and Franck-Condon factors Coxon, 1972.
22Based on ΔG'(v=0-7) from low-resolution emission spectra Clyne and Coxon, 1967 of normal Br2 and the origin of the 7-0 79Br2 band at 14739.14 cm-1 derived from Coxon, 1972 and Barrow, Clark, et al., 1974.
23RKR potential curve Coxon, 1971, Barrow, Clark, et al., 1974. Hfs observed Eng and LaTourrette, 1974 in v=4 (81Br2) and v=7 (79Br2).
24Raman sp. 29
25From Barrow, Clark, et al., 1974; corresponding values for 79,81Br2 and 81Br2 are 1.97082 and 1.97095 eV (short extrapolation of B 0u+)
26From photoionization Dibeler, Walker, et al., 1970; supported by measurements at different temperatures. In good agreement with 10.51 eV obtained by photoelectron spectroscopy Frost, McDowell, et al., 1967, Cornford, Frost, et al., 1971, Potts and Price, 1971. A slightly higher value, 10.56 eV, was derived Venkateswarlu, 1969 from the Rydberg series in the VUV. It is probable that this value refers to v'=1.
27System J-X of Haranath and Rao, 1958, not observed in absorption.
28(valid for v≤8).
29Resonance Raman spectra in the gas Holzer, Murphy, et al., 1970, 2, Baierl and Kiefer, 1975, in solid argon Ault, Howard, et al., 1975; pure rotational Raman spectrum Baierl, Hochenbleicher, et al., 1975.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Ayala, Wentworth, et al., 1981
Ayala, J.A.; Wentworth, W.E.; Chen, E.C.M., Electron attachment to halogens, J. Phys. Chem., 1981, 85, 768. [all data]

Dispert and Lacmann, 1977
Dispert, H.; Lacmann, K., Chemiionization in alkali-halogen reactions: Evidence for ion formation by alkali dimers, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1977, 47, 533. [all data]

Hughes, Lifschitz, et al., 1973
Hughes, B.M.; Lifschitz, C.; Tiernan, T.O., Electron affinities from endothermic negative-ion charge-transfer reactions. III. NO, NO2, S2, CS2, Cl2, Br2, I2, and C2H, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 3162. [all data]

Baeda, 1972
Baeda, A.P.M., The adiabatic electron affinities of Cl2, Br2, I2, IBr, NO2, and O2, Physica, 1972, 59, 541. [all data]

Chupka, Berkowitz, et al., 1971
Chupka, W.A.; Berkowitz, J.; Gutman, D., Electron Affinities of Halogen Diatomic Molecules as Determined by Endoergic Charge Exchange, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 55, 6, 2724, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1676487 . [all data]

DeCorpo and Franklin, 1971
DeCorpo, J.J.; Franklin, J.L., Electron affinities of the halogen molecules by dissociative electron attachment, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 1885. [all data]

Hubers, Kleyn, et al., 1976
Hubers, M.M.; Kleyn, A.W.; Los, J., Ion pair formation in alkali-halogen collisions at high velocities, Chem. Phys., 1976, 17, 303. [all data]

Yencha, Hopkirk, et al., 1995
Yencha, A.J.; Hopkirk, A.; Hiraya, A.; Donovan, R.J.; Goode, J.G.; Maier, R.R.J.; King, G.C.; Kvaran, A., Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy of Cl2 and Br2 up to 35 eV, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 7231. [all data]

Ruscic and Berkowitz, 1994
Ruscic, B.; Berkowitz, J., Threshold photoelectron spectrum of HOBr, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 101, 9215. [all data]

Monks, Stief, et al., 1994
Monks, P.S.; Stief, L.J.; Krauss, M.; Kuo, S.C.; Klemm, R.B., A discharge flow-photoionization mass spectrometric study of HOBr (X<1>A'): Photoion yield spectrum, ionization energy, and thermochemistry, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 100, 1902. [all data]

Lau and Hildenbrand, 1987
Lau, K.H.; Hildenbrand, D.L., Thermochemistry of the gaseous uranium bromides UBr through UBr5(a), J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 2949. [all data]

Van Lonkhuyzen and De Lange, 1984
Van Lonkhuyzen, H.; De Lange, C.A., High-resolution UV photoelectron spectroscopy of diatomic halogens, Chem. Phys., 1984, 89, 313. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Huber and Herzberg, 1979
Huber, K.P.; Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules,, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979, ,1. [all data]

Kaposi, Popovic, et al., 1977
Kaposi, O.; Popovic, A.; Marsel, J., Mass spectrometric studies of tungsten bromides and oxybromides, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1977, 39, 1809. [all data]

Potts and Price, 1971
Potts, A.W.; Price, W.C., Photoelectron spectra of the halogens and mixed halides ICI and lBr, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1971, 67, 1242. [all data]

Cornford, Frost, et al., 1971
Cornford, A.B.; Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A.; Ragle, J.L.; Stenhouse, I.A., Photoelectron spectra of the halogens, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 2651. [all data]

Dibeler, Walker, et al., 1970
Dibeler, V.H.; Walker, J.A.; McCulloh, K.E., Threshold for molecular photoionization of bromine, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 4715. [all data]

Venkateswarlu, 1968
Venkateswarlu, P., Vacuum ultraviolet spectrum of bromine molecule, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 1968, 13, 1666. [all data]

Dyke, Josland, et al., 1984
Dyke, J.M.; Josland, G.D.; Snijders, J.G.; Boerrigter, P.M., Ionization energies of the diatomic halogens and interhalogens studied with relativistic hartree-fock-slater calculations, Chem. Phys., 1984, 91, 419. [all data]

Utsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1976
Utsunomiya, C.; Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra of electron donor-acceptor complexes between bromine and alkylamines, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1976, 39, 245. [all data]

Morrison, Hurzeler, et al., 1960
Morrison, J.D.; Hurzeler, H.; Inghram, M.G.; Stanton, H.E., Threshold law for the probability of excitation of molecules by photon impact. A study of the photoionization efficiencies of Br2, I2, HI, and CH3I, J. Chem. Phys., 1960, 33, 821. [all data]

Frost and McDowell, 1960
Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A., The ionization and dissociation of some halogen molecules by electron impact, Can. J. Chem., 1960, 38, 407. [all data]

Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Blondel, Cacciani, et al., 1989
Blondel, C.; Cacciani, P.; Delsart, C.; Trainham, R., High Resolution Determination of the Electron Affinity of Fluorine and Bromine using Crossed Ion and Laser Beams, Phys. Rev. A, 1989, 40, 7, 3698, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.40.3698 . [all data]

Taft and Bordwell, 1988
Taft, R.W.; Bordwell, F.G., Structural and Solvent Effects Evaluated from Acidities Measured in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and in the Gas Phase, Acc. Chem. Res., 1988, 21, 12, 463, https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00156a005 . [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

Venkateswarlu, 1947
Venkateswarlu, P., Emission bands of halogens. Part IV. Diffuse bands of bromine, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A, 1947, 25, 138. [all data]

Venkateswarlu, 1969
Venkateswarlu, P., The vacuum ultraviolet spectrum of the bromine molecule, Can. J. Phys., 1969, 47, 2525. [all data]

Haranath and Rao, 1958
Haranath, P.B.V.; Rao, P.T., Band spectra of iodine, chlorine, and bromine in the spectral region 2400-1400 A, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1958, 2, 428. [all data]

Rao and Venkateswarlu, 1964
Rao, Y.V.; Venkateswarlu, P., Vacuum ultraviolet resonance spectrum of Br2 molecule, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1964, 13, 288. [all data]

Verma, 1958
Verma, R.D., Emission spectrum of bromine excited in the presence of argon. Part III. The band system in the region 2660-2590 Å, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A, 1958, 47, 196. [all data]

Venkateswarlu and Verma, 1958
Venkateswarlu, P.; Verma, R.D., Emission spectrum of bromine excited in the presence of argon-Part I, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A, 1958, 46, 251. [all data]

Wieland, Tellinghuisen, et al., 1972
Wieland, K.; Tellinghuisen, J.B.; Nobs, A., The band systems E → B(4000-4360 Å) and F → X(2530-2740 Å) of 127I2 and 129I2, and the corresponding system E = B of Br2 and Cl2, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 41, 69. [all data]

Venkateswarlu and Verma, 1958, 2
Venkateswarlu, P.; Verma, R.D., Emission spectrum of bromine excited in the presence of argon. Part II. The band system in the region 3150-2970 Å, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A, 1958, 46, 416. [all data]

Cordes and Sponer, 1930
Cordes, H.; Sponer, H., Die molekulabsorption des chlors, broms, jodchlorids und jodbromids im aubersten ultraviolett, Z. Phys., 1930, 63, 334. [all data]

Aickin and Bayliss, 1938
Aickin, R.G.; Bayliss, N.S., The absorption spectrum of bromine vapour in the region 3400 A to 2200 A, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1938, 34, 1371. [all data]

Mulliken, 1940
Mulliken, R.S., Halogen molecule spectra. II. Interval relations and relative intensities in the long wave-length spectra, Phys. Rev., 1940, 57, 500. [all data]

Rees, 1947
Rees, A.L.G., Note on the interpretation of the visible absorption spectrum of bromine, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 1947, 59, 1008. [all data]

Bayliss and Sullivan, 1954
Bayliss, N.S.; Sullivan, J.V., Vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra of iodine and bromine, J. Chem. Phys., 1954, 22, 1615. [all data]

Coxon, 1973
Coxon, J.A., Chapt. 4. Low-lying electronic states of diatomic halogen molecules in Molecular Spectroscopy. Volume 1, Barrow,R.F.; Long,D.A.; Millen,D.J., ed(s)., The Chemical Society, Burlington House, London, W1V 0BN, 1973, 177-228. [all data]

Holzer, Murphy, et al., 1970
Holzer, W.; Murphy, W.F.; Bernstein, H.J., Resonance fluorescence of iodine, bromine, and chlorine gases obtained with argon-ion laser excitation, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 469. [all data]

Barrow, Clark, et al., 1974
Barrow, R.F.; Clark, T.C.; Coxon, J.A.; Yee, K.K., The B3Π0u+ - X1Σg+ system of Br2 rotational analysis, Franck-Condon factors, and long range potential in the B0u+ state, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 51, 428. [all data]

Ault, Howard, et al., 1975
Ault, B.S.; Howard, W.F.; Andrews, L., Laser-induced fluorescence and Raman spectra of chlorine and bromine molecules isolated in inert matrices, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1975, 55, 217. [all data]

Horsley, 1967
Horsley, J.A., Rotational analysis of the A3Π1u - X1Σg+ system of bromine, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1967, 22, 469. [all data]

Coxon, 1972
Coxon, J.A., The extreme red absorption spectrum of Br2, A3Π(1u) ← X1Σg+, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 41, 548. [all data]

Briggs and Norrish, 1963
Briggs, A.G.; Norrish, R.G.W., Transient absorption spectra of chlorine and bromine, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1963, 276, 51. [all data]

Brith, Rowe, et al., 1975
Brith, M.; Rowe, M.D.; Schnepp, O.; Stephens, P.J., The magnetic circular dichroism spectrum of the halogen molecules I2, Br2, Cl2. Resolution of overlapping continua, Chem. Phys., 1975, 9, 57. [all data]

Oldman, Sander, et al., 1975
Oldman, R.J.; Sander, R.K.; Wilson, K.R., Photofragment spectrum of bromine, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 4252. [all data]

Bondybey, Bearder, et al., 1976
Bondybey, V.E.; Bearder, S.S.; Fletcher, C., Br2B3Π(0u+) excitation spectra and radiative lifetimes in rare gas solids, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 5243. [all data]

Eng and LaTourrette, 1974
Eng, R.S.; LaTourrette, J.T., Hyperfine spectra of bromine vapor near 633 nm, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 52, 269. [all data]

Lum and McAfee, 1975
Lum, R.M.; McAfee, K.B., Jr., Direct measurement of spontaneous predissociation using coaxial laser-molecular beams, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 5029. [all data]

Lum and Hozack, 1975
Lum, R.M.; Hozack, R.S., Identification of selectively excited transitions in Br2 isotopes at 5145 Å, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1975, 58, 325-327. [all data]

Clyne, Coxon, et al., 1971
Clyne, M.A.A.; Coxon, J.A.; Woon-Fat, A.R., Electronic excitation of bromine to the B3Π(0u+) state in the recombination of ground state Br2P2/3 atoms, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1971, 67, 3155. [all data]

Coxon, 1971
Coxon, J.A., The calculation of potential energy curves of diatomic molecules: application to halogen molecules, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1971, 11, 443. [all data]

Goscinski, 1972
Goscinski, O., Outer vibrational turning points near dissociation in the B(3Π0u+) state of Br2 and Cl2, Mol. Phys., 1972, 24, 655. [all data]

Yee and Stone, 1973
Yee, K.K.; Stone, T.J., Analysis of RKR long-range potentials of the B3Π0u+ states of Br2 and Cl2, Mol. Phys., 1973, 26, 1169. [all data]

LeRoy, 1974
LeRoy, R.J., Long-range potential coefficients from RKR turning points: C6 and C8 for B(3Π0u+)-state Cl2, Br2, and I2, Can. J. Phys., 1974, 52, 246. [all data]

Capelle, Sakurai, et al., 1971
Capelle, G.; Sakurai, K.; Broida, H.P., Lifetimes and self-quenching cross sections of cibrational levels in the B state of bromine excited by a tunable dye laser, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 1728. [all data]

McAfee and Hozack, 1976
McAfee, K.B., Jr.; Hozack, R.S., Lifetimes and energy transfer near the dissociation limit in bromine, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 2491. [all data]

Sulzmann, Bien, et al., 1967
Sulzmann, K.G.P.; Bien, F.; Penner, S.S., Intensity and collision half-width measurements using a laser source. II. Continuum and line absorption of Br2 at 6328 A, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1967, 7, 969. [all data]

Clyne and Coxon, 1967
Clyne, M.A.A.; Coxon, J.A., The emission spectra of Br2 and IBr formed in atomic recombination processes, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1967, 23, 258. [all data]

Frost, McDowell, et al., 1967
Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A.; Vroom, D.A., Photoelectron spectra of the halogens and the hydrogen halides, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 46, 4255. [all data]

Holzer, Murphy, et al., 1970, 2
Holzer, W.; Murphy, W.F.; Bernstein, H.J., Resonance Raman effect and resonance fluoroscence in halogen gases, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 399. [all data]

Baierl and Kiefer, 1975
Baierl, P.; Kiefer, W., Hot band and isotopic structure in the resonance Raman spectrum of bromine vapor, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 306. [all data]

Baierl, Hochenbleicher, et al., 1975
Baierl, P.; Hochenbleicher, J.G.; Kiefer, W., Pure rotational Raman spectra of 79Br2 and 81Br2, Appl. Spectrosc., 1975, 29, 356. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Constants of diatomic molecules, References