thulium
- Formula: Tm
- Molecular weight: 168.93421
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Tm
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7440-30-4
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
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Gas phase ion energetics data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to Tm+ (ion structure unspecified)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IE (evaluated) | 6.18431 ± 0.00006 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Electron affinity determinations
| EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.029 ± 0.022 | LPES | Davis and Thompson, 2002 | B |
| 0.0320 ± 0.0070 | EFD | Nadeau, Garwan, et al., 1997 | B |
Ionization energy determinations
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.18431 | EVAL | Lide, 1992 | LL |
| 6.18431 ± 0.00006 | S | Martin, Zalubas, et al., 1978 | LLK |
| 6.1 ± 0.1 | EI | Ackermann, Rauh, et al., 1976 | LLK |
| 5.7 | EI | Seiver and Eick, 1971 | LLK |
| 6.180 ± 0.008 | PI | Parr, 1971 | LLK |
| 6.03 ± 0.04 | SI | Hertel, 1968 | RDSH |
| 5.87 ± 0.10 | EI | Zmbov and Margrave, 1966 | RDSH |
| 6.18 ± 0.02 | S | Reader and Sugar, 1966 | RDSH |
| 6.18 ± 0.02 | S | Reader and Sugar, 1966 | RDSH |
| 6.22 ± 0.02 | S | Camus and Blaise, 1965 | RDSH |
| 6.15 ± 0.02 | SI | Alekseev and Kaminskii, 1965 | RDSH |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, NIST Free Links, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Davis and Thompson, 2002
Davis, V.T.; Thompson, J.S.,
Measurement of the electron affinity of thulium - art. no. 010501,
Phys. Rev. A, 2002, 65, 101501. [all data]
Nadeau, Garwan, et al., 1997
Nadeau, M.-J.; Garwan, M.A.; Zhao, X.-L.; Litherland, A.E.,
A Negative Ion Survey; Toward the Completion of the Periodic Table of the Negative Ions,
Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B, 1997, 123, 1-4, 521-526, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00749-5
. [all data]
Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor),
Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions
in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]
Martin, Zalubas, et al., 1978
Martin, W.C.; Zalubas, R.; Hagan, L.,
Atomic energy levels - the rare earth elements,
Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser. (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1978, 60. [all data]
Ackermann, Rauh, et al., 1976
Ackermann, R.J.; Rauh, E.G.; Thorn, R.J.,
The thermodynamics of ionization of gaseous oxides; the first ionization potentials of the lanthanide metals and monoxides,
J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 1027. [all data]
Seiver and Eick, 1971
Seiver, R.L.; Eick, H.A.,
Vapor pressure measurements in the samarium dicarbide-carbon and thulium dicarbide-carbon systems,
High Temp. Sci., 1971, 3, 292. [all data]
Parr, 1971
Parr, A.C.,
Photoionization of europium and thulium: threshold to 1350 A,
J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 3161. [all data]
Hertel, 1968
Hertel, G.R.,
Surface ionization. III. The first ionization potentials of the lanthanides,
J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 2053. [all data]
Zmbov and Margrave, 1966
Zmbov, K.F.; Margrave, J.L.,
The first ionization potentials of samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, and ytterbium by the electron-impact method,
J. Phys. Chem., 1966, 70, 3014. [all data]
Reader and Sugar, 1966
Reader, J.; Sugar, J.,
Ionization energies of the neutral rare earths,
J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1966, 56, 1189. [all data]
Camus and Blaise, 1965
Camus, P.; Blaise, J.,
Nouvelle determination du potential d'ionisation du spectre d'arc du thulium,
Compt. Rend., 1965, 261, 4359. [all data]
Alekseev and Kaminskii, 1965
Alekseev, N.I.; Kaminskii, D.L.,
Ionization of some rare earth elements on the surfaces of tungsten, rhenium, and iridium,
Zh. Tekhn. Fiz. 1964,34,1521 (Engl. Transl.: Soviet Phys. - Tech. Phys., 1965, 9, 1177). [all data]
Notes
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- Symbols used in this document:
EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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