Ditellurium

Formula: Te₂
Molecular weight: 255.20
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Te2/c1-2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: JPIIVHIVGGOMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 10028-16-7
Chemical structure:
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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to Te₂⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
1.920 ± 0.070	LPES	Snodgrass, Coe, et al., 1989	B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.8	EI	Saha, Viswanathan, et al., 1988	LL
8.3 ± 0.2	EI	Grade, Wienecke, et al., 1983	LBLHLM
8.29 ± 0.03	PI	Berkowitz and Chupka, 1969	RDSH
8.23	PE	Potts and Novak, 1983	Vertical value; LBLHLM

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
Te⁺	10.8 ± 0.5	Te	EI	Uy and Drowart, 1969	RDSH
Te⁺	11.71 ± 0.01	Te	PI	Berkowitz and Chupka, 1969	RDSH
Te⁺	11.2 ± 0.3	Te	EI	Uy, Muenow, et al., 1968	RDSH
Te⁺	11.0 ± 1.0	Te	EI	Colin and Drowart, 1968	RDSH
Te⁺	11.6	Te	EI	Strel'chenko, Bondar', et al., 1967	RDSH

Constants of diatomic molecules

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg

Data collected through November, 1977

Symbols used in the table of constants
Symbol	Meaning
State	electronic state and / or symmetry symbol
T_e	minimum electronic energy (cm^-1)
ω_e	vibrational constant – first term (cm^-1)
ω_ex_e	vibrational constant – second term (cm^-1)
ω_ey_e	vibrational constant – third term (cm^-1)
B_e	rotational constant in equilibrium position (cm^-1)
α_e	rotational constant – first term (cm^-1)
γ_e	rotation-vibration interaction constant (cm^-1)
D_e	centrifugal distortion constant (cm^-1)
β_e	rotational constant – first term, centrifugal force (cm^-1)
r_e	internuclear distance (Å)
Trans.	observed transition(s) corresponding to electronic state
ν₀₀	position of 0-0 band (units noted in table)

Diatomic constants for ¹³⁰Te₂
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
Large number of absorption bands, 40000 - 52000 cm^-1 Shin-Piaw, 1938 Migeotte, 1942; tentative assignments to several systems Migeotte, 1942. There are rather frequent coincidences with bands attributed to TeS and TeSe, see Rosen, 1927 of TeS and Hirschlaff, 1932 of TeSe.
B₂ (³Σ_u^-) 1_u					0.03016 1						B₂ → X₂ R	(21282.4) 1 Z
B₂ (³Σ_u^-) 1_u	↳missing citation
B₁ (³Σ_u^-) 0_u⁺	22207.4	162.32 2 Z	0.453 3	-1.109E-2	0.032535 4	0.000125				2.8244	B₁ → X₂ R	20188.6 Z
	↳Yee and Barrow, 1972; missing citation
											B₁ ↔ X₁ 5 6 R	22165.0 Z
	↳missing citation; Du Parcq and Barrow, 1966; missing citation; Barrow and Du Parcq, 1972
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
A 0_u⁺	19450.8	143.588 Z	0.4543 7		0.031238 8	0.000130				2.8824	A ↔ X₁ 5 R	19399.1 Z
A 0_u⁺	↳Barrow and Du Parcq, 1972; Stone and Barrow, 1975
X₂ (³Σ_g^-) 1_g	1974.9₇	250.033 Z	0.5155	-3.892E-3	0.039820	0.0001002	2.2E-7			2.5530
X₁ (³Σ_g^-) 0_g⁺	0	247.07 Z	0.5148 9	-5.5E-4	0.039681 8	0.000106		[0.44E-8]		2.5574

Notes

Constants for the only observed vibrational level of this state, from laser-excited fluorescence spectra. The v numbering is unknown (probably 6 ~≤ v' ~≤ 10).

The vibrational numbering adopted here was first suggested by Olsson, 1935 and has recently been confirmed by isotope studies Jha and Rao, 1969, Jha, Subbaram, et al., 1969, 97); v' has been increased by +3 units compared to the numbering used by Rosen, 1927, Herzberg, 1950, Prasad and Rao, 1955.

for v ~< 20, see 4.

Numerous local perturbations. A much stronger homogeneous perturbation affects levels with v ~≥ 20 Jha and Rao, 1969, Jha, Subbaram, et al., 1969,97. Predissociation above v=23 Hirschlaff, 1932, Olsson, 1935, i.e. at ~ 25600 cm^-1 above X₁ 0_g⁺(v=0); induced predissociation below this limit Kondratjew and Lauris, 1934, Olsson, 1935, Olsson, 1937; accidental predissociation of the vibrational type Rosen, 1945.

Rotational analyses of bands of ¹²⁸Te₂ Barrow and Du Parcq, 1972, extended by Yee and Barrow, 1972.

Continuous emission with maximum at 19200 cm^-1 has been interpreted as recombination continuum Rompe, 1936.

missing note

Potentia1 curves Rao, Rao, et al., 1975.

Barrow and Du Parcq, 1972.

A weighted mean Barrow and Du Parcq, 1972 of several values obtained by spectroscopic Jha and Rao, 1969, Barrow and Du Parcq, 1972 and thermochemical Budininkas, Edwards, et al., 1968, Smoes, Mandy, et al., 1972 methods and from a photoionization threshold Berkowitz and Chupka, 1969.

By photoionization mass-spectrometry Berkowitz and Chupka, 1969, Guyon and Berkowitz, 1971. Similar values from the photoelectron spectrum Berkowitz, 1975, Streets and Berkowitz, 1976.

From D₀⁰(Te₂) + I.P.(Te) - I.P.(Te₂).

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes

Snodgrass, Coe, et al., 1989
Snodgrass, J.T.; Coe, J.V.; McHugh, K.M.; Freidhoff, C.B.; Bowen, K.H., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Selenium and Tellurium Containing Negative Ions: SeO₂^-, Se₂^- and Te₂^-, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 4, 1249, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100341a016 . [all data]

Saha, Viswanathan, et al., 1988
Saha, B.; Viswanathan, R.; Sai Baba, M.; Mathews, C.K., Thermochemistry and phase relationships in M -Te (M = Fe, Cr, and Ni) systems of relevance to fuel-clad interactions in fast breeder nuclear reactors - a high temperature mass spectrometric study, High Temp. High Pressures, 1988, 20, 47. [all data]

Grade, Wienecke, et al., 1983
Grade, M.; Wienecke, J.; Rosinger, W.; Hirschwald, W., Electron impact investigation of the molecules SeS(g) and TeSe(g) under high-temperature equilibrium conditions, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 1983, 87, 355. [all data]

Berkowitz and Chupka, 1969
Berkowitz, J.; Chupka, W.A., Photoionization of high-temperature vapors. VI. S₂, Se₂, and Te₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 4245. [all data]

Potts and Novak, 1983
Potts, A.W.; Novak, I., Ultraviolet photoelectron spectra of selenium and tellurium, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1983, 28, 267. [all data]

Uy and Drowart, 1969
Uy, O.M.; Drowart, J., Mass spectrometric determination of the dissociation energies of the molecules BiO, BiS, BiSe and BiTe, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1969, 65, 3221. [all data]

Uy, Muenow, et al., 1968
Uy, O.M.; Muenow, D.W.; Ficalora, P.J.; Margrave, J.L., Mass spectrometric studies at high temperatures. Part 30. Vaporization of Ga₂S₃, Ga₂Se₃ and Ga₂Te₃, and stabilities of the gaseous gallium chalcogenides, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1968, 64, 2998. [all data]

Colin and Drowart, 1968
Colin, R.; Drowart, J., Mass spectrometric determination of dissociation energies of gaseous indium sulphides, selenides and tellurides, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1968, 64, 2611. [all data]

Strel'chenko, Bondar', et al., 1967
Strel'chenko, S.S.; Bondar', S.A.; Molodyk, A.D.; Balanevskaya, A.E.; Berger, L.I., Mass-spectrometric study of the sublimation processes of a group of ternary compounds of the type A<I>B<III>C₂<VI>, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1967, 41, 3118, In original 1679. [all data]

Shin-Piaw, 1938
Shin-Piaw, C., Spectres de bandes du selenium, du tellure et de leurs oxydes dans l'ultra-violet, Ann. Phys. (Paris), 1938, 10, 173-175. [all data]

Migeotte, 1942
Migeotte, R., Quelques remarques sur l'abondance des isotopes du tellure, Bull. Soc. R. Sci. Liege, 1942, 11, 44-47. [all data]

Rosen, 1927
Rosen, B., Redsonanz-, fluoreszenz- und absorptionsspektra in der sechsten gruppe des periodischen systems, Z. Phys., 1927, 43, 69. [all data]

Hirschlaff, 1932
Hirschlaff, E., Uber die absorptionsbanden von jod und von tellur, Z. Phys., 1932, 75, 315. [all data]

Yee and Barrow, 1972
Yee, K.K.; Barrow, R.F., Observations on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of gaseous Te₂, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 1397. [all data]

Du Parcq and Barrow, 1966
Du Parcq, R.P.; Barrow, R.F., The internuclear distance in the Te₂ molecule, Chem. Commun., 1966, 270. [all data]

Barrow and Du Parcq, 1972
Barrow, R.F.; Du Parcq, R.P., Rotational analysis of the A0_u⁺, B0_u⁺-X0_g⁺ systems of gaseous Te₂, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1972, 327, 279. [all data]

Stone and Barrow, 1975
Stone, T.J.; Barrow, R.F., Laser excited fluorescence spectra of gaseous Te₂, Can. J. Phys., 1975, 53, 1976. [all data]

Olsson, 1935
Olsson, E., Das emissionsspektrum des Te₂, Z. Phys., 1935, 95, 215. [all data]

Jha and Rao, 1969
Jha, B.L.; Rao, D.R., Emission spectrum of Te₂, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1969, 3, 175. [all data]

Jha, Subbaram, et al., 1969
Jha, B.L.; Subbaram, K.V.; Rao, D.R., Electronic spectra of ¹³⁰Te₂ and ¹²⁸Te₂, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1969, 32, 383. [all data]

Herzberg, 1950
Herzberg, G., Molecular spectra and molecular structure. I. Spectra of diatomic molecules, Pub. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, 1950, 0. [all data]

Prasad and Rao, 1955
Prasad, N.D.; Rao, P.T., The band spectrum of tellurium in the visible, Indian J. Phys., 1955, 28, 549. [all data]

Kondratjew and Lauris, 1934
Kondratjew, V.; Lauris, A., Induzierte pradissoziation der Te₂-molekule, Z. Phys., 1934, 92, 741. [all data]

Olsson, 1937
Olsson, E., La predissociation induite de la molecule de tellure soumise a des champs magnetiques intenses, Compt. Rend., 1937, 204, 1182. [all data]

Rosen, 1945
Rosen, B., Special cases of predissociation, Phys. Rev., 1945, 68, 124. [all data]

Rompe, 1936
Rompe, R., Einige untersuchungen uber die entladung in tellurdampf, Z. Phys., 1936, 101, 214. [all data]

Rao, Rao, et al., 1975
Rao, M.L.P.; Rao, D.V.K.; Rao, P.T., Dissociation energies of XO_g⁺ and AO_u⁺ states of gaseous Te₂, Spectrosc. Lett., 1975, 8, 745. [all data]

Budininkas, Edwards, et al., 1968
Budininkas, P.; Edwards, R.K.; Wahlbeck, P.G., Dissociation energies of group VIa gaseous homonuclear diatomic molecules. III. Tellurium, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 2870. [all data]

Smoes, Mandy, et al., 1972
Smoes, S.; Mandy, F.; Vander Auwera-Mahieu, A.; Drowart, J., Determination by the mass spectrometric Knudsen cell method of the dissociation energies of the group IB chalcogenides, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1972, 81, 45. [all data]

Guyon and Berkowitz, 1971
Guyon, P.M.; Berkowitz, J., Interpretation of photoionization threshold behavior, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 1814. [all data]

Berkowitz, 1975
Berkowitz, J., PES of high temperature vapors. VII. S₂ and Te₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 4074. [all data]

Streets and Berkowitz, 1976
Streets, D.G.; Berkowitz, J., Photoelectron spectroscopy of Se₂ and Te₂, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1976, 9, 269. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Constants of diatomic molecules, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE Appearance energy

EA Electron affinity
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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