mercury

• Formula: Hg
• Molecular weight: 200.59
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Hg Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7439-97-6
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • References
  • Notes
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

View table.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

(Hg⁺ • 20) +  = (Hg⁺ • 21)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 20Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 21Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 21) +  = (Hg⁺ • 22)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 21Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 22Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 22) +  = (Hg⁺ • 23)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 22Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 23Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 23) +  = (Hg⁺ • 24)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 23Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 24Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 10) +  = (Hg⁺ • 11)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 10Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 11Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 11) +  = (Hg⁺ • 12)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 11Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 12Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 12) +  = (Hg⁺ • 13)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 12Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 13Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 13) +  = (Hg⁺ • 14)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 13Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 14Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 14) +  = (Hg⁺ • 15)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 14Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 15Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 15) +  = (Hg⁺ • 16)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 15Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 16Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 16) +  = (Hg⁺ • 17)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 16Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 17Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 17) +  = (Hg⁺ • 18)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 17Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 18Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 18) +  = (Hg⁺ • 19)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 18Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 19Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 19) +  = (Hg⁺ • 20)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 19Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 20Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 9) +  = (Hg⁺ • 10)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 9Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 10Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 5) +  = (Hg⁺ • 6)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 5Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 6Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 6) +  = (Hg⁺ • 7)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 6Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 7Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 7) +  = (Hg⁺ • 8)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 7Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 8Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 8) +  = (Hg⁺ • 9)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 8Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 9Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 4) +  = (Hg⁺ • 5)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 4Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 5Hg)

Hg⁺ +  = (Hg⁺ • )

By formula: Hg⁺ + Hg = (Hg⁺ • Hg)

Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Ion clustering data, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to Hg⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Hg⁺ +  = (Hg⁺ • )

By formula: Hg⁺ + Hg = (Hg⁺ • Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 4) +  = (Hg⁺ • 5)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 4Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 5Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 5) +  = (Hg⁺ • 6)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 5Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 6Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 6) +  = (Hg⁺ • 7)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 6Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 7Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 7) +  = (Hg⁺ • 8)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 7Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 8Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 8) +  = (Hg⁺ • 9)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 8Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 9Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 9) +  = (Hg⁺ • 10)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 9Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 10Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 10) +  = (Hg⁺ • 11)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 10Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 11Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 11) +  = (Hg⁺ • 12)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 11Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 12Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 12) +  = (Hg⁺ • 13)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 12Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 13Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 13) +  = (Hg⁺ • 14)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 13Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 14Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 14) +  = (Hg⁺ • 15)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 14Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 15Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 15) +  = (Hg⁺ • 16)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 15Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 16Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 16) +  = (Hg⁺ • 17)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 16Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 17Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 17) +  = (Hg⁺ • 18)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 17Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 18Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 18) +  = (Hg⁺ • 19)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 18Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 19Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 19) +  = (Hg⁺ • 20)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 19Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 20Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 20) +  = (Hg⁺ • 21)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 20Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 21Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 21) +  = (Hg⁺ • 22)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 21Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 22Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 22) +  = (Hg⁺ • 23)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 22Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 23Hg)

(Hg⁺ • 23) +  = (Hg⁺ • 24)

By formula: (Hg⁺ • 23Hg) + Hg = (Hg⁺ • 24Hg)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, NIST Free Links, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Marsh, 1987
Marsh, K.N., Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Sci. Pub., Oxford, 1987. [all data]

Honig and Kramer, 1969
Honig, R.E.; Kramer, D.A., Vapor pressure data for the solid and liquid elements, RCA Rev., 1969, 1969, 285. [all data]

Anonymous, 1988
Anonymous, X., , NBS Spec. Publ. (U. S.) 260, 1988. [all data]

Timmermans, 1911
Timmermans, J., Researches on the freezing point of organic liquid compounds, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1911, 25, 300. [all data]

Menzies, 1913
Menzies, A.W.C., The Critical Temperature of Mercury, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1913, 35, 1065. [all data]

Hicks, 1963
Hicks, W.T., Evaluation of Vapor-Pressure Data of Mercury, Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium, J. Chem. Phys., 1963, 38, 8, 1873-1880, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1733889 . [all data]

Haberland, Kornmeier, et al., 1990
Haberland, H.; Kornmeier, H.; Langosh, H.; Oschwald, M.; Tanner, G., Experimental Study of the Transition from van der Waals, over Covalent to Metallic Bonding in Mercury Clusters, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1990, 86, 13, 2473, https://doi.org/10.1039/ft9908602473 . [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Hoareau, Cabaud, et al., 1981
Hoareau, A.; Cabaud, B.; Melinon, P., Time-of-flight mass spectroscopy of supersonic beam of metallic vapours: Intensities and appearance potentials of Mx aggregates, Surf. Sci., 1981, 106, 195. [all data]

Cabaud, Hoareau, et al., 1972
Cabaud, B.; Hoareau, A.; Nounou, P.; Uzan, R., Etude des processus d'ionisation a haute temperature des vapeurs metalliques par couplage d'une cellule de knudsen et d'une source fox. II. Interpretation des processus d'autoionisation des vapeurs metalliques monoatomiques et influence delatemperature sur les courbes d'efficacite d'ionisation., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1972, 8, 181. [all data]

Blake, 1971
Blake, A.J., Photoionization study of mercury by photoelectron spectroscopy, Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1971, 325, 555. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]

Hotop and Niehaus, 1969
Hotop, H.; Niehaus, A., Reactions of excited atoms molecules with atoms and molecules. II. Energy analysis of penning electrons, Z. Phys., 1969, 228, 68. [all data]

Frost, McDowell, et al., 1967
Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A.; Vroom, D.A., Ionization potentials of mercury by photoetectron spectrometry, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1967, 1, 93. [all data]

Beutler, 1933
Beutler, H., Uber Absorptionsspektren aus der Anregung innerer Elektronen. II.Das Quecksilberspektrum zwischen 1190 und 600 A aus der Anregung der (5 d)1O-Schale (Hg 1b), Z. Physik, 1933, 86, 710. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, NIST Free Links, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.