Methyl Isobutyl Ketone

• Formula: C₆H₁₂O
• Molecular weight: 100.1589
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C6H12O/c1-5(2)4-6(3)7/h5H,4H2,1-3H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 108-10-1
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • 2-Pentanone, 4-methyl-1,1,1,3,3-d5-
• Other names: 2-Pentanone, 4-methyl-; Hexone; Isobutyl methyl ketone; Isopropylacetone; MIBK; MIK; 2-Methyl-4-pentanone; 2-Methylpropyl methyl ketone; 4-Methyl-2-oxopentane; 4-Methyl-2-pentanone; iso-C4H9COCH3; 4-Methylpentan-2-one; Hexon; Isobutyl-methylketon; Ketone, isobutyl methyl; Methyl-isobutyl-cetone; Methylisobutylketon; Metilisobutilchetone; Metyloizobutyloketon; 4-Methyl-pentan-2-on; 4-Methyl-2-pentanon; 4-Metilpentan-2-one; Rcra waste number U161; Shell MIBK; UN 1245; ethyl iso-butyl ketone; 2-Methyl-4-pentanal; Methyl-2-pentanon,4-; Methyl i-butyl ketone; NSC 5712; 4-methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK; methyl isobutyl ketone)
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Options:
  • Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-βT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
    Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
    T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 +  =  + 2

By formula: C₈H₁₈O₂ + H₂O = C₆H₁₂O + 2CH₄O

Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• GAS (7 mmHg, N2 ADDED, TOTAL PRESSURE 600 mmHg); PERKIN-ELMER 180; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 2 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Dubois and Herzog, 1972
Dubois, J.-E.; Herzog, H., Heats of formation of aliphatic ketones: Structure correlation based on environment treatment, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1972, 932-933. [all data]

von Geiseler G., 1973
von Geiseler G., The heat capacity and the heat of vaporization of isomeric butylmethylketones and propylacetates, Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig), 1973, 252, 170-176. [all data]

Tavernier and Lamouroux, 1956
Tavernier, P.; Lamouroux, M., Determinations calorimetriques relatives a vingt-six substances organiques, Mem. Poudres, 1956, 38, 65-88. [all data]

Vesely, Barcal, et al., 1989
Vesely, F.; Barcal, P.; Zabransky, M.; Svoboda, V., Heat capacities of 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, and 1-octanol in the temperature range 298-318 K, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1989, 54, 602-607. [all data]

Quadri and Kudchadker, 1991
Quadri, S.K.; Kudchadker, A.P., Measurement of the critical temperatures and critical pressures of some thermally stable or mildly unstable esters, ketones, and ethers, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1991, 23, 129-34. [all data]

Ambrose and Ghiassee, 1988
Ambrose, D.; Ghiassee, N.B., Vapor Pressure and Critical Temperature and Critical Pressure of 4-Methylpentan-2-one, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1988, 20, 767. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Kobe, Crawford, et al., 1955
Kobe, K.A.; Crawford, H.R.; Stephenson, R.W., Critical Properties and Vapor Pressures of Some Ketones, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1955, 47, 1767-72. [all data]

Uchytilova, Majer, et al., 1983
Uchytilova, V.; Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.; Hynek, V., Enthalpies of vaporization and cohesive enrgies for seven aliphatic ketones, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1983, 15, 853-858. [all data]

Ambrose, Ellender, et al., 1975
Ambrose, D.; Ellender, J.H.; Lees, E.B.; Sprake, C.H.S.; Townsend, R., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds XXXVIII. Vapour pressures of some aliphatic ketones, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1975, 7, 5, 453-472, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(75)90275-X . [all data]

Svoboda, Kubes, et al., 1992
Svoboda, V.; Kubes, V.; Basarova, P., Enthalpies of vaporization and cohesive energies of hexan-2-one, 2-methylpentan-4-one, 2,2-dimethylbutan-3-one, 2,6-dimethylheptan-4-one and cyclohexanone, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1992, 24, 333-336. [all data]

Martínez, Lladosa, et al., 2009
Martínez, Nelson F.; Lladosa, Estela; Burguet, MªCruz; Montón, Juan B.; Yazimon, Marlen, Isobaric vapour--liquid equilibria for the binary systems 4-methyl-2-pentanone+1-butanol and+2-butanol at 20 and 101.3kPa, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2009, 277, 1, 49-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2008.11.012 . [all data]

Ambrose, Ghiassee, et al., 1988
Ambrose, D.; Ghiassee, N.B.; Tuckerman, R., Vapour pressure and critical temperature and critical pressure of 4-methylpentan-2-one, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1988, 20, 6, 767-768, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(88)90030-4 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Fuge, Bowden, et al., 1952
Fuge, E.T.J.; Bowden, S.T.; Jones, W.J., Some Physical Properties of Diacetone Alcohol, Mesityl Oxide and Methyl Isobutyl Ketone, J. Phys. Chem., 1952, 56, 8, 1013-1016, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150500a022 . [all data]

Reddy, Rao, et al., 1985
Reddy, K. Dayananda; Rao, M.V. Prabhakara; Ramakrishna, M., Activity coefficients and excess Gibbs free energies for the systems isobutyl methyl ketone(1)-1-pentanol(2) and isobutyl methyl ketone(1)-1-hexanol (2), J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1985, 30, 4, 394-397, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00042a008 . [all data]

Geiseler, Quitzsch, et al., 1973
Geiseler, G.; Quitzsch, K.; Hofmann, H.-P.; Pfestorf, R.Z., Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig), 1973, 252, 170. [all data]

Wiberg and Squires, 1979
Wiberg, K.B.; Squires, R.R., Thermodynamics of hydrolysis aliphatic ketals. An entropy component of steric effects, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 5512-5515. [all data]

Howe, Mullins, et al., 1987
Howe, G.B.; Mullins, M.E.; Rogers, T.N., , Evaluation and Prediction of Henry's Law Constants and Aqueous Sol. for Solvents and Hydrocarbon Fuel Comp. NTIS Rep. ELS-86-66, 1987. [all data]

Hernandez, Masclet, et al., 1977
Hernandez, R.; Masclet, P.; Mouvier, G., Spectroscopie de photoelectrons d'aldehydes et de cetones aliphatiques, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1977, 10, 333. [all data]

Tam, Yee, et al., 1974
Tam, W.-C.; Yee, D.; Brion, C.E., Photoelectron spectra of some aldehydes and ketones, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 4, 77. [all data]

Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971
Cocksey, B.J.; Eland, J.H.D.; Danby, C.J., The effect of alkyl substitution on ionisation potential, J. Chem. Soc., 1971, (B), 790. [all data]

Murad and Inghram, 1964
Murad, E.; Inghram, M.G., Photoionization of aliphatic ketones, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 40, 3263. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Holmes and Lossing, 1980
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P., Gas-phase heats of formation of keto and enol ions of carbonyl compounds., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 1591. [all data]

Hu, Lu, et al., 2006
Hu, X.-F.; Lu, C.-H.; Yin, C.-S., Modeling Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Oxygen-containing Compounds by Novel Atom-type Topological Indices, Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, 2006, 19, 3, 243-247, https://doi.org/10.1360/cjcp2006.19(3).243.5 . [all data]

Héberger, Görgényi, et al., 2002
Héberger, K.; Görgényi, M.; Kowalska, T., Temperature dependence of Kováts indices in gas chromatography revisited, J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 973, 1-2, 135-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01198-6 . [all data]

Héberger and Görgényi, 1999
Héberger, K.; Görgényi, M., Principal component analysis of Kováts indices for carbonyl compounds in capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1999, 845, 1-2, 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00323-4 . [all data]

Tiess, 1984
Tiess, D., Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelflüchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30, Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 6-9. [all data]

Valko, Papp, et al., 1984
Valko, K.; Papp, O.; Darvas, F., Selection of Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phase Pairs for Characterization of the 1-Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 301, 355-364, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89210-4 . [all data]

Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren, Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041 . [all data]

Goebel, 1982
Goebel, K.-J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung Niedrig Siedender Substanzen Mittels Retentionsindices und Rechnerhilfe, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 235, 1, 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)95793-5 . [all data]

Haken, Nguyen, et al., 1979
Haken, J.K.; Nguyen, A.; Wainwright, M.S., Application of linear extrathermodynamic relationships to alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, amd ethoxy alcohols, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 179, 1, 75-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)80658-5 . [all data]

Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]

Wehrli and Kováts, 1959
Wehrli, A.; Kováts, E., Gas-chromatographische Charakterisierung ogranischer Verbindungen. Teil 3: Berechnung der Retentionsindices aliphatischer, alicyclischer und aromatischer Verbindungen, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1959, 7, 7, 2709-2736, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19590420745 . [all data]

Shimadzu, 2003
Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 2), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]

Srivastava, Ahmad, et al., 2003
Srivastava, S.K.; Ahmad, A.; Syamsunder, K.V.; Aggarwal, K.K.; Shanuja, S.P.S., Essential oil composition of Callistemon viminalis leaves from India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 5, 361-363, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1143 . [all data]

Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978
Tressl, R.; Friese, L.; Fendesack, F.; Köppler, H., Gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric investigation of hop aroma constituents in beer, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1978, 26, 6, 1422-1426, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60220a037 . [all data]

Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978, 2
Tressl, R.; Friese, L.; Fendesack, F.; Köppler, H., Studies of the volatile composition of hops during storage, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1978, 26, 6, 1426-1430, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60220a036 . [all data]

Engel and Ratel, 2007
Engel, E.; Ratel, J., Correction of the data generated by mass spectrometry analyses of biological tissues: Application to food authentication, J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1154, 1-2, 331-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.012 . [all data]

Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005
Ádámová, M.; Orinák, A.; Halás, L., Retention indices as identification tool in pyrolysis-capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1087, 1-2, 131-141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.003 . [all data]

Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 2004
Hierro, E.; de la Hoz, L.; Ordóñez, J.A., Headspace volatile compounds from salted and occasionally smoked dried meats (cecinas) as affected by animal species, Food Chem., 2004, 85, 4, 649-657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.07.001 . [all data]

Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003
Censullo, A.C.; Jones, D.R.; Wills, M.T., Speciation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solventborne aerosol coatings by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography, J. Coat. Technol., 2003, 75, 936, 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02697922 . [all data]

Sun and Stremple, 2003
Sun, G.; Stremple, P., Retention index characterization of flavor, fragrance, and many other compounds on DB-1 and DB-XLB, 2003, retrieved from http://www.chem.agilent.com/cag/cabu/pdf/b-0279.pdf. [all data]

Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003 . [all data]

Sumathykutty, Rao, et al., 1999
Sumathykutty, M.A.; Rao, J.M.; Padmakumari, K.P.; Narayanan, C.S., Essential oil constituents of some Piper species, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 5, 279-282, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199909/10)14:5<279::AID-FFJ821>3.0.CO;2-0 . [all data]

Verdier-Metz., Coulon, et al., 1998
Verdier-Metz., I.; Coulon, J.-B.; PPradel, P.; Viallon, C.; Berdague, J.-L., Effect of forage conservation (hay or silage) and cow breed on the coagulation properties of milks and on the characteristics of ripened cheeses, J. Dairy Res., 1998, 65, 1, 9-21, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029997002616 . [all data]

van den Dool and Kratz, 1963
van den Dool, H.; Kratz, P. Dec., A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1963, 11, 463-471, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80947-X . [all data]

Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000
Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S.; Enser, M.; Wood, J.D., The effects of diet and breed on the volatile compounds of cooked lamb, Meat Sci., 2000, 55, 2, 149-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(99)00137-0 . [all data]

Ledauphin, Basset, et al., 2006
Ledauphin, J.; Basset, B.; Cohen, S.; Payot, T.; Barillier, D., Identification of trace volatile compounds in freshly distilled Calvados and Cognac: Carbonyl and sulphur compounds, J. Food Comp. Anal., 2006, 19, 1, 28-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2005.03.001 . [all data]

Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 2005
Elmore, J.S.; Nisyrios, I.; Mottram, D.S., Analysis of the headspace aroma compounds of walnuts (Juglans regia L.), Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 5, 501-506, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1477 . [all data]

Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 2004
Ledauphin, J.; Saint-Clair, J.-F.; Lablanquie, O.; Guichard, H.; Founier, N.; Guichard, E.; Barillier, D., Identification of trace volatile compounds in freshly distilled calvados and cognac using preparative separations coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 16, 5124-5134, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040052y . [all data]

Chung and Cadwallader, 1993
Chung, H.Y.; Cadwallader, K.R., Volatile components in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat and processing by-product, J. Food Sci., 1993, 58, 6, 1203-1207, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06148.x . [all data]

Matiella and Hsieh, 1990
Matiella, J.E.; Hsieh, T.C.-Y., Analysis of crabmeat volatile compounds, J. Food Sci., 1990, 55, 4, 962-966, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb01575.x . [all data]

Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 1989
Tanchotikul, U.; Hsieh, T.C.-Y., Volatile Flavor Components in Crayfish Waste, J. Food Sci., 1989, 54, 6, 1515-1520, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb05149.x . [all data]

Bianchi, Cantoni, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Cantoni, C.; Careri, M.; Chiesa, L.; Musci, M.; Pinna, A., Characterization of the aromatic profile for the authentication and differentiation of typical Italian dry-sausages, Talanta, 2007, 72, 4, 1552-1563, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2007.02.019 . [all data]

Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M., Retention indices in the analysis of food aroma volatile compounds in temperature-programmed gas chromatography: Database creation and evaluation of precision and robustness, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 39, 4, 563-572, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600393 . [all data]

Amboni, Junkes, et al., 2002
Amboni, R.D.DeM.C.; Junkes, B. daS.; Yunes, R.A.; Heinzen, V.E.F., Quantitative structure-property relationships study of chromatographic retention indices and normal boiling points for oxo compounds using the semi-empirical topological method, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem), 2002, 586, 1-3, 71-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-1280(02)00062-3 . [all data]

Kurdina, Markovich, et al., 1969
Kurdina, Z.G.; Markovich, V.E.; Sakharov, V.M., Gas chromatography of cyclic O-containing compounds in Gas chromatography, Issue # 10, NIITEKhim, Moscow, 1969, 128-133. [all data]

Anderson, 1968
Anderson, D.G., USe of Kovats retention indices and response factors for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of coating solvents, J. Paint Technol., 1968, 40, 527, 549-557. [all data]

Goeminne, Vandendriessche, et al., 2012
Goeminne, P.C.; Vandendriessche, T.; Van Eldere, J.; Nicolai, B.M.; Hertog, M.L.; Dupont, L.J., Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum headspace through volatile organic compound analysis, Respiratory Res., 2012, 13, 87, 1-9. [all data]

Zenkevich, Eliseenkov, et al., 2011
Zenkevich, I.G.; Eliseenkov, E.V.; Kasatochkin, A.N.; Zhakovskaya, Z.A.; Khoroshko, L.O., Gas chromatographic identification of chlorination products of aliphatic ketones, J. Chromatogr., 2011, 1218, 21, 3291-3299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.056 . [all data]

Frerot, Velluz, et al., 2008
Frerot, E.; Velluz, A.; Bagnoud, A.; Delort, E., Analysis of the volatile constituents of cooked petai beans (Parkia speciosa) using high-resolution GC/TOF-MS, Flav. Fragr. J., 2008, 23, 6, 434-440, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1902 . [all data]

Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007
Vasta, V.; Ratel, J.; Engel, E., Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Raw Meat for the Authentication of the Feeding Background of Farm Animals, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 12, 4630-4639, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf063432n . [all data]

Health Safety Executive, 2000
Health Safety Executive, MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air - Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24, retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs96.pdf. [all data]

Jung, Wichmann, et al., 1999
Jung, A.; Wichmann, K.-H.; Kolb, M., VOC emission of polymeric packaging materials, LaborPraxis, 1999, 23, 9, 20-22. [all data]

Tai and Ho, 1998
Tai, C.-Y.; Ho, C.-T., Influence of glutathione oxidation and pH on thermal formation of Maillard-type volatile compounds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 6, 2260-2265, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf971111t . [all data]

Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993
Moio, L.; Dekimpe, J.; Etievant, P.; Addeo, F., Neutral volatile compounds in the raw milks from different species, J. Dairy Res., 1993, 60, 2, 199-213, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029900027515 . [all data]

Anker, Jurs, et al., 1990
Anker, L.S.; Jurs, P.C.; Edwards, P.A., Quantitative structure-retention relationship studies of odor-active aliphatic compounds with oxygen-containing functional groups, Anal. Chem., 1990, 62, 24, 2676-2684, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00223a006 . [all data]

Donetzhuber, Johansson, et al., 1976
Donetzhuber, A.; Johansson, K.; Sandstroem, C., Gas phase characterization of wood, pulp, and paper, Appl. Polymer Symp., 1976, 28, 889-901. [all data]

Nance and Setzer, 2011
Nance, M.R.; Setzer, W.N., Volatile components of aroma hops (Humulus lupulus L.) commonly used in beer brewing, J. of Brewing and Distilling, 2011, 2, 2, 16-22. [all data]

da Fonseca, Bizerra, et al., 2009
da Fonseca, A.M.; Bizerra, A.M.C.; de Souza, J.S.N.; Monte, F.J.Q.; de Oliveira M.C.F.; de Mattos, M.C.; Cordell, G.A.; Braz-Filho, R.; Lemos, T.L.G., Constituents and antioxidant activity of two varieties of coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.), Braz. J. Pharmacognosy, 2009, 19, 1B, 193-198. [all data]

Costa, De Fina, et al., 2008
Costa, R.; De Fina, M.R.; Valentino, M.R.; Rustaiyan, A.; Dugo, P.; Dugo, G.; Mondello, L., An investigation on the volatile composition of some Artemisia species from Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 2008, 24, 2, 75-82, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1919 . [all data]

Cajka, Hajslova, et al., 2007
Cajka, T.; Hajslova, J.; Cochran, J.; Holadova, K.; Klimankova, E., Solid phase microextraction - comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography - time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of honey volatiles, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 30, 4, 534-546, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600413 . [all data]

Chen and Feng, 2007
Chen, Y.; Feng, C., QSPR study on gas chromatography retention index of some organic pollutants, Comput. Appl. Chem. (China), 2007, 24, 10, 1404-1408. [all data]

Feng and Mu, 2007
Feng, H.; Mu, L.-L., Quantitative structure-retention relationships for alkane and its derivatives based on electrotopological state index and molecular shape index, Chem. Ind. Engineering (Chinese), 2007, 24, 2, 161-168. [all data]

Blunden, Aneja, et al., 2005
Blunden, J.; Aneja, V.P.; Lonneman, W.A., Characterization of non-methane volatile organic compounds at swine facilities in eastern North Carolina, Atm. Environ., 2005, 39, 36, 6707-6718, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.053 . [all data]

Cramer, Mattinson, et al., 2005
Cramer, A.-C.J.; Mattinson, D.S.; Fellman, J.K.; Baik, B.-K., Analysis of volatile compounds from various types of barley cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 19, 7526-7531, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0506939 . [all data]

Thierry, Maillard, et al., 2005
Thierry, A.; Maillard, M.-B.; Bonnarme, P.; Roussel, E., The addition of Propionibacterium freudenreichii to raclette cheese induces biochemical changes and enhances flavor development, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 10, 4157-4165, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0481195 . [all data]

Junkes, Amboni, et al., 2004
Junkes, B.S.; Amboni, R.D.M.C.; Yunes, R.A.; Heinzen, V.E.F., Application of the semi-empirical topological index in quantitative structure-chromatographic retention relationship (QSRR) studies of aliphatic ketones and aldehydes on stationary phases of different polarity, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2004, 15, 2, 183-189, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532004000200005 . [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Junkes, Castanho, et al., 2003
Junkes, B.S.; Castanho, R.D.M.; Amboni, C.; Yunes, R.A.; Heinzen, V.E.F., Semiempirical Topological Index: A Novel Molecular Descriptor for Quantitative Structure-Retention Relationship Studies, Internet Electronic Journal of Molecular Design, 2003, 2, 1, 33-49. [all data]

Cooke, Hassoun, et al., 2001
Cooke, K.M.; Hassoun, S.; Sanders, S.M.; Pilling, M.J., Identification and quantification of volatile organic compounds found in a eucalyptus forest during FIELDVOC'94 in Portugal, Chemosphere Global Change Science, 2001, 3, 3, 249-257, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1465-9972(01)00008-3 . [all data]

Tirillini, Verdelli, et al., 2000
Tirillini, B.; Verdelli, G.; Paolocci, F.; Ciccioli, P.; Frattoni, M., The volatile organic compounds from the mycelium of Tuber borchii Vitt., Phytochemistry, 2000, 55, 8, 983-985, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00308-3 . [all data]

Estrada and Gutierrez, 1999
Estrada, E.; Gutierrez, Y., Modeling chromatographic parameters by a novel graph theoretical sub-structural approach, J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 858, 2, 187-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00808-0 . [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technical_series₁997-01-01₁.pdf. [all data]

Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996
Zenkevich, I.G.; Chupalov, A.A., New Possibilities of Chromato Mass Pectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds Using Increments of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Molecular Structural Fragments, Zh. Org. Khim. (Rus.), 1996, 32, 5, 656-666. [all data]

Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Brachetti, A.; Frattoni, M.; Sparapani, R., Composition and Distribution of Polar and Non-Polar VOCs in Urban, Rural, Forest and Remote Areas, Eur Commission EUR, 1994, 549-568. [all data]

Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993
Ciccioli, P.; Brancaleoni, E.; Cecinato, A.; Sparapani, R.; Frattoni, M., Identification and determination of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in forest areas of Northern and Southern Europe and a remote site of the Himalaya region by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 643, 1-2, 55-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80541-F . [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Weller and Wolf, 1989
Weller, J.-P.; Wolf, M., Massenspektroskopie und Headspace-GC, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med., 1989, 47, 525-532. [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Shimadzu, 2003, 2
Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 3), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]

Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 9999
Wanakhachornkrai, P.; Lertsiri, S., Comparison of determination method for volatile compounds in Thai soy sauce, Analytical, Nutritional and Clinical Methods, 9999, 1-11. [all data]

Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003
Tanaka, T.; Yamauchi, T.; Katsumata, R.; Kiuchi, K., Comparison of volatile components in commercial Itohiki-Natto by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography, Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 2003, 50, 6, 278-285, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.50.278 . [all data]

Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 2003
Wanakhachornkrai, P.; Lertsiri, S., Analytical, nutritional, and clinical methods. Comparison of determination method for volatile compounds in Thai soy sauce, Food Chem., 2003, 83, 4, 619-629, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00256-5 . [all data]

Lecanu, Ducruet, et al., 2002
Lecanu, L.; Ducruet, V.; Jouquand, C.; Gratadoux, J.J.; Feigenbaum, A., Optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the odor analysis of surface-ripened cheese, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 13, 3810-3817, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0117107 . [all data]

Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999
Iwatsuki, K.; Mizota, Y.; Kubota, T.; Nishimura, O.; Masuda, H.; Sotoyama, K.; Tomita, M., Aroma extract dilution analysis. Evluation of aroma of pasteurized and UHT processed milk by aroma extract dilution analysis, Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 1999, 46, 9, 587-597, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.46.587 . [all data]

Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1988
Mihara, S.; Tateba, H.; Nishimura, O.; Machii, Y.; Kishino, K., The volatile components of Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid) in Flavors and Fragrances: A World Perspective. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavors, Lawrence,B.M.; Mookherjee,B.D.; Willis,B.J., ed(s)., Elsevier, New York, 1988, 537-550. [all data]

Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1987
Mihara, S.; Tateba, H.; Nishimura, O.; Machii, Y.; Kishino, K., Volatile components of Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 4, 532-537, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00076a023 . [all data]

Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 2011
Johanningsmeier, S.D.; McFeeters, R.F., Detection of volatile spoilage metabolites in fermented cucumbers using nontargeted, comprehensive 2-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGCxTOFMS), J. Food Sci., 2011, 76, 1, c168-c177, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01918.x . [all data]

Baser, Demirci, et al., 2009
Baser, K.H.C.; Demirci, B.; Kurkcuoglu, M.; Satin, F.; Tumen, G., Comparative morphological and phytochemical charactertization of Salvia cadmica and S. smyrnaea, Pak. J. Bot., 2009, 41, 4, 1545-1555. [all data]

Berard, Bianchi, et al., 2007
Berard, J.; Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Chatel, A.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M., Characterization of the volatile fraction and of free fatty acids of Fontina Valle d'Aosta, a protected designation of origin Italian cheese, Food Chem., 2007, 105, 1, 293-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.041 . [all data]

Viljoen, Subramoney, et al., 2005
Viljoen, A.M.; Subramoney, S.; van Vuuren, S.F.; Baser, K.H.C.; Demirci, B., The composition, geographical variation and antimicrobial activity of Lippia javanica (Verbenaceae) leaf essential oils, J. Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 96, 1-2, 271-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.017 . [all data]

Kim. J.H., Ahn, et al., 2004
Kim. J.H.; Ahn, H.J.; Yook, H.S.; Kim, K.S.; Rhee, M.S.; Ryu, G.H.; Byun, M.W., Color, flavor, and sensory characteristics of gamma-irradiated salted and fermented anchovy sauce, Radiation Phys. Chem., 2004, 69, 2, 179-187, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(03)00400-6 . [all data]

Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F., Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  Cp,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔcH°solid	Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°solid	Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.