Toluene

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas50.1 ± 1.1kJ/molReviewRoux, Temprado, et al., 2008There are sufficient high-quality literature values to make a good evaluation with a high degree of confidence. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (0.5 to 2.5) kJ/mol.; DRB
Δfgas50.00 ± 0.63kJ/molCcbProsen, Gilmont, et al., 1945Hf by Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946; ALS
Δfgas48.0kJ/molN/ASchmidlin, 1906Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of 10.0 kj/mol from Schmidlin, 1906 and ΔvapH° value of 38.0 kj/mol from Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945.; DRB

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
69.85200.Draeger, 1985Recommended values agree better with experimental heat capacities than results of calculation [ Chao J., 1984]. All other statistically calculated values [ Pitzer K.S., 1943, Taylor W.J., 1946, Scott D.W., 1962] are in close agreement with selected ones, except for high temperatures.; GT
94.68273.15
103.7 ± 0.4298.15
104.4300.
139.9400.
170.8500.
196.2600.
217.0700.
234.3800.
248.9900.
261.21000.
271.81100.
280.81200.
288.51300.
295.21400.
301.01500.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
130.08 ± 0.26371.20Scott D.W., 1962Please also see Montgomery J.B., 1942, Pitzer K.S., 1943, Taylor W.J., 1946.; GT
140.2390.
137.2 ± 1.3393.
138.87 ± 0.27396.20
146.4410.
149.16 ± 0.30427.20
149.4 ± 1.7428.
160.33 ± 0.32462.20
159.0 ± 1.7463.
171.46 ± 0.34500.20

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Site Links, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid12. ± 1.1kJ/molReviewRoux, Temprado, et al., 2008There are sufficient high-quality literature values to make a good evaluation with a high degree of confidence. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (0.5 to 2.5) kJ/mol.; DRB
Δfliquid12.0 ± 0.63kJ/molCcbProsen, Gilmont, et al., 1945Hf by Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946; ALS
Δfliquid  CcbSchmidlin, 1906uncertain value: 10. kJ/mol; Undetermine error; ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-3920. ± 20.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid220.96J/mol*KN/AScott, Guthrie, et al., 1962DH
liquid219.2J/mol*KN/AKelley, 1929DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
157.09298.15Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1993DH
155.96298.15Shiohama, Ogawa, et al., 1988DH
159.9303.15Reddy, 1986T = 303.15, 313.15 K.; DH
157.08298.15Roux-Dexgranges, Grolier, et al., 1986DH
158.70298.15Tardajos, Aicart, et al., 1986DH
158.7298.15Stephens and Olson, 1984T = 266 to 318 K. Cp given as 0.4117 cal g-1 C-1.; DH
157.0298.15Grolier, Inglese, et al., 1982DH
157.15298.15Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1982DH
156.0293.15Atalla, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1981DH
157.0294.71Andolenko and Grigor'ev, 1979T = 293 to 373 K. Unsoothed experimental datum given as 1.704 KJ/kg*K.; DH
157.057298.15Fortier and Benson, 1979DH
157.081298.15Fortier and Benson, 1977DH
156.94298.15Wilhelm, Grolier, et al., 1977DH
157.026298.15Fortier and Benson, 1976DH
156.99298.15Holzhauer and Ziegler, 1975T = 165 to 312 K. Cp = 187.43814 - 0.73026493T + 0.0029613602T2 - 2.8661704x10-6T3 J/mol*K.; DH
158.4298.15Pedersen, Kay, et al., 1975T = 298 to 348 K. Cp(liq) = 154.73 + 0.0981(T/K-273.15) + 0.001949(T/K-273.15)2 J/mol*K (298 to 348 K).; DH
156.8298.15Rajagopal and Subrahmanyam, 1974T = 298.15 to 323.15 K.; DH
156.5298.Deshpande and Bhatagadde, 1971T = 298 to 318 K.; DH
158.6293.Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967T = 293 to 373 K.; DH
157.33298.711Hwa and Ziegler, 1966T = 181 to 304 K. Unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
157.23298.15Scott, Guthrie, et al., 1962T = 10 to 360 K.; DH
166.9324.Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1958Mean value 21 to 81 C.; DH
140.295.Tschamler, 1948DH
158.6298.Kurbatov, 1947T = -76 to 60 C, mean Cp, four temperatures.; DH
156.9298.1Zhdanov, 1941T = 5 to 47 C.; DH
157.07298.2Burlew, 1940T = 281 to 383 K.; DH
156.5298.Vold, 1937DH
142.7227.8Aoyama and Kanda, 1935T = 78 to 228 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
156.5298.1Richards and Wallace, 1932T = 293 to 333 K.; DH
161.9298.15Smith and Andrews, 1931T = 102 to 299 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
153.0928.444Kelley, 1929T = 14 to 284 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
151.0293.2Williams and Daniels, 1925T = 20 to 60 C.; DH
153.6303.Willams and Daniels, 1924T = 303 to 343 K. Equation only.; DH
158.2298.von Reis, 1881T = 292 to 390 K.; DH

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil383.8 ± 0.2KAVGN/AAverage of 110 out of 132 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus178.1 ± 0.6KAVGN/AAverage of 24 out of 25 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple178.15KN/AScott, Guthrie, et al., 1962, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC
Ttriple178.00KN/AZiegler and Andrews, 1942Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Ttriple177.9KN/AStull, 1937Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Ttriple177.95KN/AKelley, 1929, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc593. ± 2.KAVGN/AAverage of 20 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc41. ± 1.barAVGN/AAverage of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Vc0.316l/molN/ATsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc3.17 ± 0.010mol/lN/ATsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995 
ρc3.16mol/lN/AChirico and Steele, 1994Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 mol/l; TRC
ρc3.15mol/lN/AGoodwin, 1989Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 mol/l; TRC
ρc3.16mol/lN/ASteele, Chirico, et al., 1988Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 mol/l; TRC
ρc3.162mol/lN/ASimon, 1957Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 mol/l; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap37. ± 3.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δsub43.1kJ/molBLenchitz and Velicky, 1970AC

Reduced pressure boiling point

Tboil (K) Pressure (bar) Reference Comment
287.70.020Weast and Grasselli, 1989BS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
33.18383.8N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
35.7346.N/ALee and Holder, 1993Based on data from 331. - 496. K.; AC
40.6264.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 210. - 279. K.; AC
34.4398.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 383. - 445. K.; AC
33.2455.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 440. - 531. K.; AC
33.3545.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 530. - 592. K.; AC
38.9284.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 273. - 295. K.; AC
37.0323.N/AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 308. - 386. K. See also Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949.; AC
33.5 ± 0.1380.CNatarajan and Viswanath, 1985AC
32.1 ± 0.1403.CNatarajan and Viswanath, 1985AC
29.4 ± 0.1441.CNatarajan and Viswanath, 1985AC
27.1 ± 0.1470.CNatarajan and Viswanath, 1985AC
24.0 ± 0.1505.CNatarajan and Viswanath, 1985AC
35.4333.N/AEubank, Cediel, et al., 1984AC
33.4373.N/AEubank, Cediel, et al., 1984AC
31.4413.N/AEubank, Cediel, et al., 1984AC
28.4453.N/AEubank, Cediel, et al., 1984AC
24.0493.N/AEubank, Cediel, et al., 1984AC
35.4360.N/ARivenq, 1975Based on data from 343. - 383. K.; AC
37.3318.N/AGaw and Swinton, 1968Based on data from 303. - 343. K.; AC
36.9303.N/AVan Ness, Soczek, et al., 1967Based on data from 288. - 348. K.; AC
35.65341.27VScott, Gutherie, et al., 1962low T and vapor flow calorimetry; ALS
37.8278.N/AMilazzo, 1956Based on data from 210. - 293. K.; AC
37.8301.N/AThomson, 1946Based on data from 286. - 362. K.; AC
37.0323.MMWillingham, Taylor, et al., 1945Based on data from 308. - 384. K.; AC
38.8288.N/APitzer and Scott, 1943Based on data from 273. - 323. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) A (kJ/mol) β Tc (K) Reference Comment
298. - 410.53.090.2774591.7Majer and Svoboda, 1985 

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
273.13 - 297.894.236791426.448-45.957Besley and Bottomley, 1974Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
303. - 343.4.082451346.382-53.508Gaw and Swinton, 1968, 2Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
420.00 - 580.004.544361738.1230.394Ambrose, Broderick, et al., 1967Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
308.52 - 384.664.078271343.943-53.773Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945 
273. - 323.4.141571377.578-50.507Pitzer and Scott, 1943Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
6.636178.15Scott, Guthrie, et al., 1962DH
6.619177.95Kelley, 1929DH
6.548178.0Ziegler and Andrews, 1942, 2DH
6.61178.Domalski and Hearing, 1996See also Southard and Andrews, 1930.; AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
37.25178.15Scott, Guthrie, et al., 1962DH
37.20177.95Kelley, 1929DH
36.79178.0Ziegler and Andrews, 1942, 2DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Site Links, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C7H7- + Hydrogen cation = Toluene

By formula: C7H7- + H+ = C7H8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1599.7 ± 1.9kJ/molD-EAGunion, Gilles, et al., 1992gas phase; Kim, Wenthold, et al., 1999, with LN2 cooling of the ion, gives the same EA; B
Δr1593. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1587. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSGal, Decouzon, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr1577. ± 15.kJ/molCIDTGraul and Squires, 1990gas phase; B
Δr1609. ± 30.kJ/molG+TSBohme and Young, 1971gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1564. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1557. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREGal, Decouzon, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr1579. ± 29.kJ/molIMRBBohme and Young, 1971gas phase; B

C3H9Si+ + Toluene = (C3H9Si+ • Toluene)

By formula: C3H9Si+ + C7H8 = (C3H9Si+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr119.kJ/molPHPMSStone and Stone, 1991gas phase; forms pi complex; M
Δr131.kJ/molPHPMSStone and Stone, 1991gas phase; toluene D8, forms pi complex; M
Δr111.kJ/molPHPMSWojtyniak and Stone, 1986gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)C6H6, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr146.J/mol*KN/AWojtyniak and Stone, 1986gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)C6H6, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
43.1468.PHPMSWojtyniak and Stone, 1986gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)C6H6, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Bromine anion + Toluene = (Bromine anion • Toluene)

By formula: Br- + C7H8 = (Br- • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr36. ± 7.5kJ/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 303 K, corrected to 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of PhNO2..Br-; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.J/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.4 ± 4.2kJ/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 303 K, corrected to 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of PhNO2..Br-; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
0.4423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C4H9+ + Toluene = (C4H9+ • Toluene)

By formula: C4H9+ + C7H8 = (C4H9+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr120.kJ/molPHPMSStone and Stone, 1991gas phase; toluene D8, forms protonated t-butyltoluene; M
Δr122.kJ/molPHPMSStone and Stone, 1991gas phase; forms protomated t-butyltoluene; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr228.J/mol*KPHPMSStone and Stone, 1991gas phase; toluene D8, forms protonated t-butyltoluene; M
Δr228.J/mol*KPHPMSStone and Stone, 1991gas phase; forms protomated t-butyltoluene; M

C7H8+ + Toluene = (C7H8+ • Toluene)

By formula: C7H8+ + C7H8 = (C7H8+ • C7H8)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr60.7kJ/molMPIErnstberger, Krause, et al., 1990gas phase; M
Δr23.kJ/molPIRuhl, Bisling, et al., 1986gas phase; from vIP of perpendicular dimer; M
Δr66.9kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr120.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M

C6H7N+ + Toluene = (C6H7N+ • Toluene)

By formula: C6H7N+ + C7H8 = (C6H7N+ • C7H8)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr57.3kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr109.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; M

C9H12+ + Toluene = (C9H12+ • Toluene)

By formula: C9H12+ + C7H8 = (C9H12+ • C7H8)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50.2kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M

Nitric oxide anion + Toluene = (Nitric oxide anion • Toluene)

By formula: NO- + C7H8 = (NO- • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr185.kJ/molICRReents and Freiser, 1981gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M

Hydrogen bromide + Benzene, (bromomethyl)- = Toluene + Bromine

By formula: HBr + C7H7Br = C7H8 + Br2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33.9 ± 4.2kJ/molEqkBenson and Buss, 1957gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = 33. ± 4. kJ/mol; ALS

Chlorine anion + Toluene = (Chlorine anion • Toluene)

By formula: Cl- + C7H8 = (Cl- • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.7kJ/molTDEqFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
17.300.PHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M

Hydrogen iodide + Benzene, (iodomethyl)- = Toluene + Iodine

By formula: HI + C7H7I = C7H8 + I2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-33. ± 4.6kJ/molCmGraham, Nichol, et al., 1955liquid phase; solvent: p-Xylene; ALS

Benzene, (bromomethyl)- + 0.5Hydrogen = Toluene + 0.5Bromine

By formula: C7H7Br + 0.5H2 = C7H8 + 0.5Br2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-4. ± 2.kJ/molChydAshcroft, Carson, et al., 1963liquid phase; ALS

Iodide + Toluene = (Iodide • Toluene)

By formula: I- + C7H8 = (I- • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr46.0 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsCaldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989gas phase; B,M

5-Methylene 1,3-cyclohexadiene = Toluene

By formula: C7H8 = C7H8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-100. ± 10.kJ/molCmBartmess and Griffith, 1990gas phase; Gas phase acidity; ALS

Benzene, (iodomethyl)- = Toluene + 0.5Iodine

By formula: C7H7I = C7H8 + 0.5I2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-41. ± 2.kJ/molChydAshcroft, Carson, et al., 1963liquid phase; ALS

(Lithium ion (1+) • Toluene) + Toluene = (Lithium ion (1+) • 2Toluene)

By formula: (Li+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Li+ • 2C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr116. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Sodium ion (1+) • Toluene) + Toluene = (Sodium ion (1+) • 2Toluene)

By formula: (Na+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Na+ • 2C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr87. ± 2.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Cesium ion (1+) • Toluene) + Toluene = (Cesium ion (1+) • 2Toluene)

By formula: (Cs+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Cs+ • 2C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr61.5 ± 4.2kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Rubidium ion (1+) • Toluene) + Toluene = (Rubidium ion (1+) • 2Toluene)

By formula: (Rb+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Rb+ • 2C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr67.8 ± 4.2kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Potassium ion (1+) • Toluene) + Toluene = (Potassium ion (1+) • 2Toluene)

By formula: (K+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (K+ • 2C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr74.9 ± 4.6kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Chromium ion (1+) • Toluene) + Toluene = (Chromium ion (1+) • 2Toluene)

By formula: (Cr+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Cr+ • 2C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr222. ± 38.kJ/molRAKLin and Dunbar, 1997RCD

Benzene, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)- + Benzene = Toluene + Benzene, (1-methylethyl)-

By formula: C10H14 + C6H6 = C7H8 + C9H12

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.0 ± 0.6kJ/molEqkTsvetkov, Rozhnov, et al., 1985liquid phase; ALS

Lithium ion (1+) + Toluene = (Lithium ion (1+) • Toluene)

By formula: Li+ + C7H8 = (Li+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr183. ± 17.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Sodium ion (1+) + Toluene = (Sodium ion (1+) • Toluene)

By formula: Na+ + C7H8 = (Na+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr112. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Cesium ion (1+) + Toluene = (Cesium ion (1+) • Toluene)

By formula: Cs+ + C7H8 = (Cs+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr64.0 ± 4.6kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Rubidium ion (1+) + Toluene = (Rubidium ion (1+) • Toluene)

By formula: Rb+ + C7H8 = (Rb+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr71.1 ± 4.2kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Potassium ion (1+) + Toluene = (Potassium ion (1+) • Toluene)

By formula: K+ + C7H8 = (K+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr79.9 ± 5.0kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Chromium ion (1+) + Toluene = (Chromium ion (1+) • Toluene)

By formula: Cr+ + C7H8 = (Cr+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr176. ± 14.kJ/molRAKLin and Dunbar, 1997RCD

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

kH(T) = H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

H (mol/(kg*bar)) d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) Method Reference Comment
0.154000.LN/A 
0.184100.MN/A 
0.16 MN/A 
0.16 XN/AValue given here as cited in missing citation.
0.13 MN/A 
0.153400.MN/A 
0.16 XN/AValue given here as cited in missing citation.
0.16 QN/A missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species.
0.145000.XN/A 
0.178400.XN/A 
0.153000.XN/A 
0.151900.XN/A 
0.153700.XLeighton and Calo, 1981 
0.15 LN/A 
0.154900.XN/A 
0.15 MMackay, Shiu, et al., 1979 
0.15 TMackay, Shiu, et al., 1979 
0.15 VN/A 
0.19 MN/A 
0.214600.MN/A 
0.15 XN/AValue given here as cited in missing citation.
0.175900.MN/A 
0.18 VBohon and Claussen, 1951 

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C7H8+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)8.828 ± 0.001eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)784.0kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity756.3kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kJ/mol) Reference Comment
782.4Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM

Gas basicity at 298K

Gas basicity (review) (kJ/mol) Reference Comment
753.5Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
8.8276 ± 0.0006TELu, Eiden, et al., 1992LL
8.79PEKlasinc, Kovac, et al., 1983LBLHLM
8.80 ± 0.07EISelim and Helal, 1982LBLHLM
8.83PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
8.82EIMcLoughlin, Morrison, et al., 1979LLK
8.82PETraeger and McLoughlin, 1978LLK
8.82PITraeger and McLoughlin, 1978LLK
8.82 ± 0.01EQLias and Ausloos, 1978LLK
8.84PEBock, Kaim, et al., 1978LLK
8.82PEBehan, Johnstone, et al., 1976LLK
8.81EIHoffman, 1974LLK
8.80PEMcLean, 1973LLK
8.78 ± 0.02PEMaier and Turner, 1973LLK
8.91CTSKobayashi, Kobayashi, et al., 1973LLK
8.8 ± 0.1EIGilbert, Leach, et al., 1973LLK
8.72PEDebies and Rabalais, 1973LLK
8.67EICooks, Bertrand, et al., 1973LLK
8.82PIStebbings and Taylor, 1972LLK
8.89 ± 0.03EIJohnstone and Mellon, 1972LLK
8.71CTSPitt, 1970RDSH
8.82PEDewar and Worley, 1969RDSH
8.80 ± 0.04EIBock, Seidl, et al., 1968RDSH
8.82 ± 0.02PIAkopyan and Vilesov, 1968RDSH
8.82PIBralsford, Harris, et al., 1960RDSH
8.82 ± 0.01PIWatanabe, 1954RDSH
8.82 ± 0.05SPrice and Walsh, 1947RDSH
8.82PEHowell, Goncalves, et al., 1984Vertical value; LBLHLM
8.85PEKobayashi, 1978Vertical value; LLK
9.00PEKlasinc, Novak, et al., 1978Vertical value; LLK
8.90 ± 0.03PEMarschner and Goetz, 1974Vertical value; LLK
8.82PEBischof, Dewar, et al., 1974Vertical value; LLK
8.85 ± 0.015PEKobayashi and Nagakura, 1972Vertical value; LLK
9.0 ± 0.03PEKlessinger, 1972Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C5H5+16.4 ± 0.2C2H2+HEITajima and Tsuchiya, 1973LLK
C5H5+16.7?EIHarrison, Haynes, et al., 1965RDSH
C6H5+13.70CH3EIHoffman, 1974LLK
C6H5+13.7 ± 0.1CH3EIMajer and Patrick, 1962RDSH
C7H7+10.94HTRPIHuang and Dunbar, 1991T = 0K; LL
C7H7+10.70 ± 0.09HEISelim and Helal, 1982LBLHLM
C7H7+10.71HEIMcLoughlin, Morrison, et al., 1979LLK
C7H7+10.71HPITraeger and McLoughlin, 1978LLK
C7H7+10.71 ± 0.03HTETraeger and McLoughlin, 1977LLK
C7H7+11.8HEIHoffman, 1974LLK
C7H7+11.55 ± 0.05HPIAkopyan and Vilesov, 1968RDSH
C7H7+11.7 ± 0.1HEINounou, 1966RDSH
C7H7+[C6H5CH2+]10.7 ± 0.1HPILifshitz, Gotkis, et al., 1993T = 298K; LL
C7H7+[C6H5CH2+]11.1 ± 0.1HPILifshitz, Gotkis, et al., 1993T = 0K; LL
C7H7+[C6H5CH2+]11.1HPILifshitz, Gotkis, et al., 1993, 2T = 0K; LL
C7H7+[C6H5CH2+]11.17 ± 0.10HPIPECOBombach, Dannacher, et al., 1983T = 0K; LBLHLM
C7H7+[C6H5CH2+]11.17 ± 0.10HPIPECOBombach, Dannacher, et al., 1983, 2T = 0K; LBLHLM
C7H7+[c-C7H7+]11.1 ± 0.1HPILifshitz, Gotkis, et al., 1993T = 0K; LL
C7H7+[c-C7H7+]10.7 ± 0.1HPILifshitz, Gotkis, et al., 1993T = 298K; LL
C7H7+[c-C7H7+]11.1HPILifshitz, Gotkis, et al., 1993, 2T = 0K; LL
C7H7+[c-C7H7+]10.52 ± 0.07HPIPECOBombach, Dannacher, et al., 1983T = 0K; LBLHLM
C7H7+[c-C7H7+]10.52 ± 0.10HPIPECOBombach, Dannacher, et al., 1983, 2T = 0K; LBLHLM

De-protonation reactions

C7H7- + Hydrogen cation = Toluene

By formula: C7H7- + H+ = C7H8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1599.7 ± 1.9kJ/molD-EAGunion, Gilles, et al., 1992gas phase; Kim, Wenthold, et al., 1999, with LN2 cooling of the ion, gives the same EA; B
Δr1593. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1587. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSGal, Decouzon, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr1577. ± 15.kJ/molCIDTGraul and Squires, 1990gas phase; B
Δr1609. ± 30.kJ/molG+TSBohme and Young, 1971gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1564. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1557. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREGal, Decouzon, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Δr1579. ± 29.kJ/molIMRBBohme and Young, 1971gas phase; B

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Bromine anion + Toluene = (Bromine anion • Toluene)

By formula: Br- + C7H8 = (Br- • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr36. ± 7.5kJ/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 303 K, corrected to 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of PhNO2..Br-; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.J/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr0.4 ± 4.2kJ/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; ΔGaff measured at 303 K, corrected to 423 K, ΔSaff taken as that of PhNO2..Br-; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
0.4423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C3H9Si+ + Toluene = (C3H9Si+ • Toluene)

By formula: C3H9Si+ + C7H8 = (C3H9Si+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr119.kJ/molPHPMSStone and Stone, 1991gas phase; forms pi complex; M
Δr131.kJ/molPHPMSStone and Stone, 1991gas phase; toluene D8, forms pi complex; M
Δr111.kJ/molPHPMSWojtyniak and Stone, 1986gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)C6H6, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr146.J/mol*KN/AWojtyniak and Stone, 1986gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)C6H6, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
43.1468.PHPMSWojtyniak and Stone, 1986gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)C6H6, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C4H9+ + Toluene = (C4H9+ • Toluene)

By formula: C4H9+ + C7H8 = (C4H9+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr120.kJ/molPHPMSStone and Stone, 1991gas phase; toluene D8, forms protonated t-butyltoluene; M
Δr122.kJ/molPHPMSStone and Stone, 1991gas phase; forms protomated t-butyltoluene; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr228.J/mol*KPHPMSStone and Stone, 1991gas phase; toluene D8, forms protonated t-butyltoluene; M
Δr228.J/mol*KPHPMSStone and Stone, 1991gas phase; forms protomated t-butyltoluene; M

C6H7N+ + Toluene = (C6H7N+ • Toluene)

By formula: C6H7N+ + C7H8 = (C6H7N+ • C7H8)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr57.3kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr109.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986gas phase; M

C7H8+ + Toluene = (C7H8+ • Toluene)

By formula: C7H8+ + C7H8 = (C7H8+ • C7H8)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr60.7kJ/molMPIErnstberger, Krause, et al., 1990gas phase; M
Δr23.kJ/molPIRuhl, Bisling, et al., 1986gas phase; from vIP of perpendicular dimer; M
Δr66.9kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr120.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M

C9H12+ + Toluene = (C9H12+ • Toluene)

By formula: C9H12+ + C7H8 = (C9H12+ • C7H8)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50.2kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978gas phase; M

Chlorine anion + Toluene = (Chlorine anion • Toluene)

By formula: Cl- + C7H8 = (Cl- • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr16.7kJ/molTDEqFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
17.300.PHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M

Chromium ion (1+) + Toluene = (Chromium ion (1+) • Toluene)

By formula: Cr+ + C7H8 = (Cr+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr176. ± 14.kJ/molRAKLin and Dunbar, 1997RCD

(Chromium ion (1+) • Toluene) + Toluene = (Chromium ion (1+) • 2Toluene)

By formula: (Cr+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Cr+ • 2C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr222. ± 38.kJ/molRAKLin and Dunbar, 1997RCD

Cesium ion (1+) + Toluene = (Cesium ion (1+) • Toluene)

By formula: Cs+ + C7H8 = (Cs+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr64.0 ± 4.6kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Cesium ion (1+) • Toluene) + Toluene = (Cesium ion (1+) • 2Toluene)

By formula: (Cs+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Cs+ • 2C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr61.5 ± 4.2kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Iodide + Toluene = (Iodide • Toluene)

By formula: I- + C7H8 = (I- • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr46.0 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsCaldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989gas phase; B,M

Potassium ion (1+) + Toluene = (Potassium ion (1+) • Toluene)

By formula: K+ + C7H8 = (K+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr79.9 ± 5.0kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Potassium ion (1+) • Toluene) + Toluene = (Potassium ion (1+) • 2Toluene)

By formula: (K+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (K+ • 2C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr74.9 ± 4.6kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Lithium ion (1+) + Toluene = (Lithium ion (1+) • Toluene)

By formula: Li+ + C7H8 = (Li+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr183. ± 17.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Lithium ion (1+) • Toluene) + Toluene = (Lithium ion (1+) • 2Toluene)

By formula: (Li+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Li+ • 2C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr116. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Nitric oxide anion + Toluene = (Nitric oxide anion • Toluene)

By formula: NO- + C7H8 = (NO- • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr185.kJ/molICRReents and Freiser, 1981gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M

Sodium ion (1+) + Toluene = (Sodium ion (1+) • Toluene)

By formula: Na+ + C7H8 = (Na+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr112. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Sodium ion (1+) • Toluene) + Toluene = (Sodium ion (1+) • 2Toluene)

By formula: (Na+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Na+ • 2C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr87. ± 2.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Rubidium ion (1+) + Toluene = (Rubidium ion (1+) • Toluene)

By formula: Rb+ + C7H8 = (Rb+ • C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr71.1 ± 4.2kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Rubidium ion (1+) • Toluene) + Toluene = (Rubidium ion (1+) • 2Toluene)

By formula: (Rb+ • C7H8) + C7H8 = (Rb+ • 2C7H8)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr67.8 ± 4.2kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: Tanya L. Myers, Russell G. Tonkyn, Ashley M. Oeck, Tyler O. Danby, John S. Loring, Matthew S. Taubman, Stephen W. Sharpe, Jerome C. Birnbaum, and Timothy J. Johnson

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW- 67
NIST MS number 227551

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Source Ramart-Lucas and Bertucat, 1951
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 415
Instrument n.i.g.
Melting point -94.9
Boiling point 110.6

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryRTX-5100.785.29Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2
CapillaryRTX-5120.792.81Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2
CapillaryRTX-560.774.14Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2
CapillaryRTX-580.778.14Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2
CapillaryHP-10.759.7Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-110.754.8Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-120.760.9Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-130.755.2Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-140.752.6Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-150.751.6Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-160.755.3Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
PackedPMS-100090.786.Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004N2, Chromaton N-AW-DMCS; Column length: 2. m
CapillaryHP-5100.782.2Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-5120.787.7Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryDB-1313.751.72Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1323.753.79Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1333.756.18Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1343.758.31Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1353.760.55Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1363.763.41Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1373.765.53Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1383.767.08Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1393.769.68Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1403.773.08Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1413.774.96Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-1423.777.86Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5313.767.72Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5323.770.81Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5333.772.35Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5343.774.88Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5353.776.58Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5363.779.16Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5373.781.85Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5383.784.33Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryDB-5393.787.46Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 200330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone150.773.24Berezkin, Korolev, et al., 2002He; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm
CapillarySqualane50.743.7Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillarySqualane60.746.2Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillarySqualane70.748.7Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillarySqualane80.751.2Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillarySqualane90.753.5Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillarySqualane100.756.2Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillarySqualane110.758.8Wick, Siepmann, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillaryOV-10140.750.1Chen, Liang, et al., 2001He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-10160.754.9Chen, Liang, et al., 2001He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryDB-1170.786.91Kuhn, 200130. m/0.53 mm/3. μm, He
PackedC78, Branched paraffin130.784.0Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000He; Column length: 3.3 m
CapillaryHP-10160.756.97Garay, 200050. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, H2
CapillaryHP-10160.756.97Garay, 200050. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, H2
CapillaryOV-1100.766.3Zhu, Zhang, et al., 1999Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryDB-1140.767.Beens, Tijssen, et al., 199810. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillaryDB-160.754.Beens, Tijssen, et al., 199810. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillaryDB-160.758.Dewulf, Van Langenhove, et al., 199730. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, He
CapillaryOV-1010.746.Skrbic, 1997 
CapillaryOV-1150.780.Zhang, Chen, et al., 199725. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-1150.779.Zhang, Chen, et al., 199725. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
PackedOV-101100.765.5Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
PackedOV-101110.768.4Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
PackedOV-10180.761.8Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
PackedOV-10190.763.Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
CapillaryCP Sil 260.757.5Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995100. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryCP Sil 280.764.5Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995100. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryOV-101150.777.1Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryOV-101180.786.9Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryDB-160.756.2Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
CapillaryPONA60.756.5Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm
CapillaryPONA60.756.6Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm
CapillaryDB-160.756.7Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 1. μm
CapillaryOV-10160.756.5Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.2 μm
PackedOV-101120.771.6Hassani and Meklati, 1992N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
PackedSqualane100.757.Hongwei and Zhide, 1992H2, Silanized white support (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedC78, Branched paraffin130.784.0Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m
CapillaryBP-10.749.Skrbic and Cvejanov, 199215. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm, N2
CapillaryHP-160.756.Zhang, Li, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryHP-160.756.Zhang, Li, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryHP-1100.766.Zhang, Li, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryHP-1100.766.Zhang, Li, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillarySPB-160.757.Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1991N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm
PackedApolane130.786.Dutoit, 1991Column length: 3.7 m
CapillaryOV-1100.766.Engewald and Maurer, 1990Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-1120.771.4Engewald and Maurer, 1990Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.766.Dimov and Mekenyan, 1989Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-145.753.6Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillaryOV-160.756.6Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillaryOV-165.758.4Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillaryOV-175.759.9Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillarySE-5460.771.9Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillarySE-5475.775.4Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillaryOV-101100.766.Matisová, Kovacicová, et al., 1989He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
PackedSqualane70.752.Safina, Poznyak, et al., 1989He, Risorb (0.2-0.3 mm); Column length: 2. m
CapillaryHP-160.759.Bangjie, Yijian, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryHP-160.760.Bangjie, Yijian, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-10140.753.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10160.757.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10180.762.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillarySqualane50.744.1Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillarySqualane70.749.Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.767.Engewald, Topalova, et al., 1987Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm
PackedSqualane80.753.Fernández-Sánchez, García-Domínguez, et al., 1987H2
CapillarySqualane100.758.Nabivach and Vasiliev, 1987 
CapillaryNonpolar45.744.Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987 
CapillaryNonpolar52.5746.Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987 
CapillaryNonpolar60.748.Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987 
CapillaryOV-10140.754.0Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.756.1Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10160.758.0Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10170.759.8Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
PackedSE-30180.788.Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1985N2, Chromosorb A AW; Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-3042.753.Rudenko, Mal'tsev, et al., 1985Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-30180.788.Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1984N2, Chromosorb W AW; Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-30150.780.Tiess, 1984Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedOV-1120.771.Valko, Papp, et al., 1984Gas Chrom Q; Column length: 2. m
CapillaryOV-101100.764.Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.766.Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.764.Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-101110.766.Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-10190.762.Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983N2; Column length: 85. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-10130.751.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10140.753.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10150.755.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10160.757.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10170.759.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10180.761.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-330.772.3Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-340.774.4Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-350.776.7Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-360.779.0Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-370.781.5Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-380.784.2Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillarySqualane106.757.Kugucheva and Mashinsky, 1983He; Column length: 100. m
CapillarySqualane96.755.Kugucheva and Mashinsky, 1983He; Column length: 100. m
CapillaryDB-160.756.2Lubeck and Sutton, 1983Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.264 mm
CapillaryDB-160.756.7Lubeck and Sutton, 198360. m/0.259 mm/1. μm
CapillarySE-3070.759.9Tóth, 1983N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSE-30100.767.Winskowski, 1983Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m
CapillaryOV-150.754.Anders, Scheller, et al., 1982Column length: 55. m; Column diameter: 0.21 mm
CapillarySE-30130.774.Bredael, 1982Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3080.761.Bredael, 1982Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.766.Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.772.Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm
CapillaryOV-101140.782.Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm
CapillaryOV-10150.756.Johansen and Ettre, 1982100. m/0.27 mm/0.20 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.756.Johansen and Ettre, 198255. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillarySqualane86.755.Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane96.757.1Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.766.4Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.771.5Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryOV-101140.781.5Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryOV-160.758.Nijs and Jacobs, 1981He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySE-3080.761.4Albaigés and Guardino, 1980He; Column length: 64. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane80.750.Albaigés and Guardino, 1980He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryApiezon L100.791.Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980Column length: 45. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane100.757.Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1980He, Chromaton N-AW-HMDS; Column length: 1. m
CapillarySqualane50.745.2Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.750.Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.744.2Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979, 2Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.749.3Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979, 2Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane86.754.7Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane86.755.0Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane86.755.3Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane86.755.5Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane70.749.8Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane70.751.2Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane86.754.0Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane86.755.0Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane70.749.2Drozd, Novák, et al., 1978Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.749.4Drozd, Novák, et al., 1978Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane86.755.0Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane96.757.1Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane100.760.Engewald and Wennrich, 1976N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
CapillarySqualane100.746.Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane100.731.4Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane100.731.4Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedApolane70.766.8Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m
CapillarySqualane60.747.Ryba, 1976Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane60.750.Ryba, 1976Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane80.751.68Soják and Rijks, 1976H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane100.756.Vernon and Edwards, 1975N2, DCMS-treated Celite; Column length: 1. m
PackedSE-30110.770.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974N2, Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m
PackedSE-30120.773.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974N2, Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m
PackedSE-30130.776.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974N2, Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m
PackedSE-30140.778.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974N2, Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m
CapillarySE-30130.772.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm
CapillarySE-30140.776.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm
CapillarySE-30150.778.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm
CapillarySE-30160.781.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm
CapillarySE-30170.785.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm
CapillarySqualane100.763.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2H2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillarySqualane50.745.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.750.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySE-3065.757.7Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.757.7Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.757.7Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.757.7Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.757.7Svob, Deur-Siftar, et al., 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3065.757.6Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySqualane100.758.0Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974He; Column length: 10.5 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-10150.755.Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 197325. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-10160.756.Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 197325. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
CapillarySqualane120.757.Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972N2, Celite 545; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillarySqualane86.753.Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972N2, Celite 545; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)35.760.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)45.763.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)50.764.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)58.767.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)68.773.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
PackedSqualane50.747.0Takács, Tálas, et al., 1972N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 3. m
CapillarySqualane70.746.8Dimov and Schopov, 1971Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSE-3075.759.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m
PackedSqualane100.758.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m
PackedApiezon L100.763.Wagaman and Smith, 1971CH4; Column length: 3. m
CapillarySqualane80.754.7Wallaert, 1971Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane92.758.Krupcík, Liska, et al., 1970N2; Column length: 45. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillarySqualane115.761.1Krupcík, Liska, et al., 1970N2; Column length: 200. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillarySqualane115.760.7Soják and Bucinská, 1970N2; Column length: 200. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillarySqualane86.754.2Soják and Bucinská, 1970N2; Column length: 200. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
PackedApiezon L100.788.Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m
PackedSqualane27.740.6Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.747.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.751.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.756.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedApiezon L100.789.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 10. m
PackedApiezon L120.796.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 10. m
PackedApiezon L80.783.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 10. m
PackedSqualane100.756.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedSqualane120.763.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedSqualane140.769.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedSqualane80.753.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedSqualane100.756.4Evans and Smith, 1967H2/N2=3/1, Celite; Column length: 2. m
PackedSqualane100.756.Evans and Smith, 1967H2/N2=3/1, Celite; Column length: 2. m
PackedSqualane22.738.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane30.739.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane40.742.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane55.750.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane70.752.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedDC-200100.767.Rohrschneider, 1966Column length: 4. m
PackedSqualane100.757.Rohrschneider, 1966Column length: 5. m
PackedApiezon L100.787.Rohrschneider, 1966Column length: 5. m
PackedSqualane100.759.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965Ar, Celite; Column length: 1.2 m
PackedSqualane65.750.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965Ar, Celite; Column length: 1.2 m
PackedSqualane78.753.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965Ar, Celite; Column length: 1.2 m
PackedSqualane100.756.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965Ar, Celite; Column length: 1.5 m
PackedSqualane65.747.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965Ar, Celite; Column length: 1.5 m
PackedSqualane78.751.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965Ar, Celite; Column length: 1.5 m
PackedSqualane100.757.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965N2, Celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane65.748.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965N2, Celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane78.752.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965N2, Celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane100.756.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965Mixture, Celite; Column length: 1.5 m
PackedSqualane65.748.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965Mixture, Celite; Column length: 1.5 m
PackedSqualane78.751.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965Mixture, Celite; Column length: 1.5 m
PackedSqualane100.761.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965He, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m
PackedSqualane65.751.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965He, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m
PackedSqualane78.755.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965He, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m
PackedSqualane100.776.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965N2, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m
PackedSqualane65.768.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965N2, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m
PackedSqualane78.772.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965N2, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m
PackedSqualane100.756.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965He, Celite; Column length: 1. m
PackedSqualane65.748.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965He, Celite; Column length: 1. m
PackedSqualane78.752.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965He, Celite; Column length: 1. m
PackedSqualane100.761.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965N2, Sterchamol; Column length: 4. m
PackedSqualane65.751.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965N2, Sterchamol; Column length: 4. m
PackedSqualane78.755.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965N2, Sterchamol; Column length: 4. m
PackedSqualane100.752.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965H2, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m
PackedSqualane65.744.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965H2, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m
PackedSqualane78.749.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965H2, Celite; Column length: 0.9 m
PackedSqualane100.758.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 
PackedSqualane65.749.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 
PackedSqualane78.753.Adlard, Evans, et al., 1965 

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCBP-1758.Shimadzu, 200325. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-5769.Buchin, Salmon, et al., 200260. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 2. min
CapillaryDB-1748.Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-1755.Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-5763.Ramarathnam, Rubin, et al., 1993He, 30. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 280. C @ 3. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.13 mm
CapillaryDB-5746.Ramarathnam, Rubin, et al., 1993, 2He, 30. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 280. C @ 3. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.13 mm
CapillarySE-54758.Rembold, Wallner, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 0. C @ 12. min, 12. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101748.Hayes and Pitzer, 1982110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-101764.Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1981N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 70. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-101765.Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1981N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 70. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryApiezon L776.Louis, 1971N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-1776.Wongpornchai, Sriseadka, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C => 2C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 230C(2min)
CapillaryDB-5MS759.Maia, Andrade, et al., 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 260C
CapillaryPetrocol DH-100752.Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)
CapillaryDB-1755.Hoekman, 199360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min
PackedApiezon M788.2Jalali-Heravi and Garkani-Nejad, 1993Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m; Program: not specified
CapillarySqualane760.Papazova and Pankova, 1975N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryZB-Wax100.1077.5Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryZB-Wax120.1088.3Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryDB-Wax40.1043.09Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax50.1049.50Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax60.1057.61Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax70.1068.53Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax80.1076.25Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax90.1084.20Ciaznska-Halarewicz and Kowalska, 2003Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M150.1026.Egazaryants and Maximov, 1998He; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M150.1030.Egazaryants and Maximov, 1998He; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryPEG-20M80.1039.5Orav, Kuningas, et al., 199450. m/0.2 mm/0.13 μm, He
CapillaryPEG-20M80.1052.3Orav, Kuningas, et al., 199450. m/0.2 mm/0.19 μm, He
CapillaryPEG-20M80.1054.2Orav, Kuningas, et al., 199450. m/0.2 mm/0.22 μm, He
CapillarySupelcowax-1060.1057.Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1991N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M100.1067.04Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 
CapillaryCarbowax 20M110.1071.62Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 
CapillaryCarbowax 20M120.1076.10Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 
CapillaryCarbowax 20M70.1053.89Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 
CapillaryCarbowax 20M80.1057.98Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 
CapillaryCarbowax 20M90.1062.76Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985 
CapillaryPEG-20M70.1049.5Tóth, 1983N2; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
PackedCarbowax 20M100.1068.2Vernon and Suratman, 1983He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M110.1073.3Vernon and Suratman, 1983He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M120.1078.4Vernon and Suratman, 1983He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M130.1083.4Vernon and Suratman, 1983He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M140.1088.5Vernon and Suratman, 1983He, A silanized white support; Column length: 2. m
PackedCarbowax 20M75.1054.Goebel, 1982N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m
CapillaryPEG-20M100.1054.Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980Column length: 75. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedCarbowax 20M150.1069.7Ellis and Still, 1979Chromosorb W, AW-DMCS
PackedCarbowax 20M115.1072.9Ellis and Still, 1979Chromosorb G
PackedCarbowax 20M115.1073.4Ellis and Still, 1979Chromosorb G
PackedCarbowax 20M150.1069.7Ellis and Still, 1979Chromosorb W, AW-DMCS
PackedCarbowax 20M165.1090.9Ellis and Still, 1979, 2Chromosorb W, AW-DMCS
CapillaryCarbowax 20M100.1043.2Engewald and Wennrich, 1976N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M90.1027.1Döring, Estel, et al., 1974Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
PackedPEG-2000150.1077.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000152.1077.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000180.1093.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPolyethylene Glycol 4000100.1071.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedPolyethylene Glycol 4000120.1078.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedPolyethylene Glycol 4000140.1085.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedPolyethylene Glycol 400080.1064.Bonastre and Grenier, 1967Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedCarbowax 20M100.1066.Rohrschneider, 1966Column length: 2. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCBP-201042.Shimadzu, 200325. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1037.Umano, Hagi, et al., 1994He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101042.Wong and Teng, 1994He, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax1042.Shimoda and Shibamoto, 1990He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1040.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1041.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1037.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1041.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1019.Nishimura, Yamaguchi, et al., 19892. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1038.Umano and Shibamoto, 1987He, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
PackedPEG-20M1066.Galt and MacLeod, 1984N2, Celite, 70. C @ 9. min, 10. K/min; Column length: 5.5 m; Tend: 175. C
CapillaryBP-201055.MacLeod and Pieris, 1983H2, 65. C @ 3. min, 12. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tend: 180. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySPB-5771.Engel and Ratel, 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-5771.Methven L., Tsoukka M., et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 260. C @ 10. min
CapillarySPB-5769.Deport, Ratel, et al., 200660. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryRTX-5779.2Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min
CapillaryRTX-5796.8Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS765.Elmore, Cooper, et al., 20050. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane784.Estevez, Ventanas, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-5779.Insausti, Goñi, et al., 200550. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 35. C @ 15. min, 8. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-5MS773.Pino, Mesa, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryHP-5784.Solina, Baumgartner, et al., 200525. m/0.2 mm/1. μm, He, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS769.Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillarySPB-5775.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillarySPB-5776.Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004, 230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH755.4Censullo, Jones, et al., 200350. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-5750.Flamini, Luigi Cioni, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryHP-5760.Isidorov, Vinogorova, et al., 200325. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 150. C
CapillarySPB-1747.02LECO Corporation, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
CapillarySPB-1747.41LECO Corporation, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB744.Pino, Almora, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
CapillaryDB-5758.9Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5761.3Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5761.7Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5770.8Xu, van Stee, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryBPX-5773.Bredie, Mottram, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB766.Oruna-Concha, Ames, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillarySPB-5776.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryHP-5760.Isidorov, Krajewska, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-1752.Kim, 200160. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 220. C
CapillarySPB-Sulfur756.5de Lacy Costello, Evans, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/4. μm, 40. C @ 12.5 min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySPB-1761.Larráyoz, Addis, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/4. μm, He, 45. C @ 13. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min
CapillaryOV-101751.5Yin, Liu, et al., 2001N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 130. C
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB771.Elmore, Mottram, et al., 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB760.Chevance and Farmer, 199960. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB757.Yassaa, Meklati, et al., 199925. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 8. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryBPX-5777.Aaslyng, Elmore, et al., 199850. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-1742.Beens, Tijssen, et al., 199810. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 225. C
CapillarySPB-5768.Verdier-Metz., Coulon, et al., 199860. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 2. min
CapillarySE-54756.Li, Wang, et al., 1998H2, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySE-54756.Li, Wang, et al., 1998H2, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySE-54762.9Kivi-Etelätalo, Kostiainen, et al., 199750. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillaryPONA746.5Martos, Saraullo, et al., 199750. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 0.5 min, 1. K/min, 220. C @ 8. min
CapillaryPONA747.1Martos, Saraullo, et al., 199750. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 0.5 min, 1. K/min, 220. C @ 8. min
CapillaryOV-1750.1Gautzsch and Zinn, 19968. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-1753.2Helmig, Pollock, et al., 199630. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-5767.6Helmig, Pollock, et al., 199660. m/0.33 mm/0.25 μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-5758.9Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5761.3Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5761.7Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-1751.Specht and Baltes, 199460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 280. C @ 10. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH748.39Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH749.03Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryHP-101762.Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryUltra-1751.Olson, Sinkevitch, et al., 19924. K/min; Tstart: -40. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-1754.Peng, Hua, et al., 199230. m/0.32 mm/1.5 μm, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH748.65White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH749.White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH749.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
PackedSE-30775.Fischer and Kusch, 1990Chromosorb W AW (80-100 mesh), 5. K/min; Column length: 1.5 m; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-5759.Morinaga, Hara, et al., 199015. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 90. C
CapillaryHP-1756.8Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987N2, 10. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryHP-1753.4Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryHP-1752.8Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987N2, 30. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillarySPB-1763.Huang, Bruechert, et al., 198760. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 40. min
CapillarySPB-1763.Huang, Bruechert, et al., 198760. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 40. min
CapillaryUltra-1746.99Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-1749.29Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-1750.81Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-2761.89Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-2764.46Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-2766.26Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
PackedSE-30764.Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984He, Chromosorb AW, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m
CapillaryOV-1755.27Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 198335. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryOV-1754.08Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 198335. C @ 5. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryOV-1752.Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 198224. m/0.3 mm/1.1 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-1751.88Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 198230. m/0.3 mm/1.1 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101748.Hayes and Pitzer, 1981108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C
PackedOV-101730.Nixon, Wong, et al., 1979Gas-Chrom Q, 2. K/min; Column length: 2.5 m; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryOV-1754.Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 19761. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Column diameter: 0.762 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 230. C
PackedSE-30781.Haken and McKay, 1966He, Celite 560, 20. K/min; Column length: 3.0 m; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 250. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5762.Moon, Cliff, et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 3C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 260C(2min)
CapillaryHP-5MS762.Bonaiti, Irlinger, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 5C(8min) => 3C/min => 20C => 10C/min => 150C(10min)
CapillaryHP-5762.Engel, Baty, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 5C(5min) => 3C/min => 20C => 5C/min => 100C 15C/min => 150C (5min)
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB768.Oruna-Concha, Bakker, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 0C => rapidly => 40C(8min) => 4C/min => 250C(10min)
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB771.Duckham, Dodson, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 0C => rapidly => 40C(8min) => 4C/min => 250C(10min)
CapillaryDB-5778.Parker, Hassell, et al., 200050. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: oC(5min) => 60C/min => 60C (5min) => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-1754.Peng, 200015. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 8C/min => 200(1min) => 5C/min => 300C(25min)
CapillaryDB-5756.Boulanger, Chassagne, et al., 199930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 40C(5min) => 2C/min => 220C => 5C/min => 250C(15min)
CapillaryDB-5770.Boulanger, Chassagne, et al., 199930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 40C(5min) => 2C/min => 220C => 5C/min => 250C(15min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone765.30Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 199950. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C(2min) => 49.9C/min => 35C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C(2min) => 40C/min => 240C(30min)
CapillaryBPX-5771.Bredie, Mottram, et al., 199850. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: OC (5min) => 60C/min => 60C(5min) => 4C/min => 250C
CapillarySE-54760.Li, Wang, et al., 1998H2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1751.Mattinen, Tuominen, et al., 199530. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 210C(30min)
CapillaryDB-5761.Beal and Mottram, 199430. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: 5 0C (0.5 min) -> (1 min) 60 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 250 0C
CapillaryHP-PONA744.Maignial, Pibarot, et al., 199250. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm; Program: 20C(0.5min) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 250C
PackedSE-30764.Peng, Ding, et al., 1988Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1036.Fernandez-Segovia, Escriche, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1027.Mahadevan and Farmer, 200660. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1034.Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 203. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101017.Chung, Fung, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 195. C @ 60. min
CapillaryStabilwax1029.Cros, Lignot, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101046.Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1075.Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101073.Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1033.Verzera, Campisi, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 45. C @ 0.17 min, 2. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryZB-Wax1014.Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.15 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCarbowax1056.Censullo, Jones, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 50. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryStabilwax1029.Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryAT-Wax1028.Pino, Almora, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101041.Chung, Yung, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101041.Chung, Yung, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1033.Kim, 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1040.Liu, Yang, et al., 2001H2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1039.Shimoda, Yoshimura, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1033.Verzera, Campisi, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 45. C @ 0.17 min, 2. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1040.Le Guen, Prost, et al., 200060. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1043.Peng, 200015. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryHP-Wax1049.Peng, 200015. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1031.Chevance and Farmer, 199960. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1024.Chevance and Farmer, 1999, 260. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillarySupelcowax-101041.Chung, 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1033.Cha, Kim, et al., 199860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min
CapillaryFFAP1044.Ott, Fay, et al., 199730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 1. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1058.Shimoda, Peralta, et al., 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1042.Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1040.Shimoda, Wu, et al., 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1028.Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 199560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1039.Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1994He, 60. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax1036.Iwaoka, Hagi, et al., 1994He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1049.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 199460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1040.Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101037.Chung and Cadwallader, 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min
CapillaryHP-20M1042.Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993He, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryHP-FFAP1070.Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993He, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1035.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1051.Peng, Hua, et al., 199230. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1019.Wu and Liou, 1992H2, 50. C @ 10. min, 1.5 K/min, 200. C @ 80. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1015.Suárez and Duque, 19912. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1025.Suárez and Duque, 19912. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101042.Matiella and Hsieh, 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101040.Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 198960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101043.Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 198960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-WAX 57CB1022.Baltes and Mevissen, 1988He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1027.Chen and Ho, 1988He, 1.5 K/min, 225. C @ 80. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C
PackedCarbowax 20M1061.Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984He, Supelcoport, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-101035.Bianchi, Cantoni, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 220C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-101040.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-101043.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-101035.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-101035.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-101035.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryFFAP1058.Ranau, Kleeberg, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(3min) => 3C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 220C(13.5min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1047.Verzera, Ziino, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1038.Alasalvar, Shahidi, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 5C/min => 60C => 2.5C/min => 155C
CapillaryDB-Wax1034.Boulanger and Crouzet, 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 60C (3min) => 2C/min => 220C => 5C/min => 250C (15min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1033.Cantergiani, Brevard, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 20C(30s) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 220C (20min)
CapillarySupelcowax-101050.Maignial, Pibarot, et al., 199260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 20C(0.5min) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 220C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane105.766.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane75.760.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane90.763.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone100.766.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.771.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone140.776.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone80.761.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.772.Chen and Feng, 2006 
CapillaryDB-160.757.Shimadzu, 2003, 260. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillaryOV-10140.754.Li and Deng, 1998N2; Column length: 51. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.764.Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 199550. m/0.30 mm/0.26 μm, Nitrogen
CapillaryOV-101100.766.Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 199550. m/0.30 mm/0.26 μm, Nitrogen
CapillaryOV-101100.766.Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 199550. m/0.30 mm/0.26 μm, Nitrogen
CapillaryOV-101100.766.Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 199550. m/0.30 mm/0.26 μm, Nitrogen
CapillaryOV-101100.767.Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 199550. m/0.30 mm/0.26 μm, Nitrogen
CapillarySqualane100.757.Berezkin, 1993 
CapillarySqualane100.763.Berezkin, 1993 
CapillaryOV-101100.766.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.766.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.770.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.772.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-101102.760.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryOV-101106.760.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryOV-101110.762.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryOV-101114.763.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryOV-10194.758.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryOV-10198.758.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryOV-10198.759.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySE-5470.769.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySE-5474.771.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySE-5474.771.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySE-5478.772.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySE-5482.773.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySE-5486.774.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySE-5490.776.Wang, Deng, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 23. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone50.745.N/AN2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-10150.754.Wu and Lu, 1984 
CapillaryOV-10170.758.Wu and Lu, 1984 
CapillaryE-301100.770.Bermejo, Moinelo, et al., 1980N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane100.760.Bermejo, Moinelo, et al., 1980N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane95.4746.Sojak and Vigdergauz, 1978H2
CapillarySqualane110.759.Papazova and Pankova, 1975N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedApiezon L100.792.Kavan, 1973Column length: 3.2 m
CapillarySqualane86.743.Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm
PackedDC-400150.769.Anderson, 1968Helium, Gas-Pak (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3.0 m
PackedPolydimethyl siloxane110.768.Ferrand, 1962 

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB756.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryOptima-5 MS759.Goeminne, Vandendriessche, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-5 MS757.Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 15. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH751.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-5762.Czerny, Brueckner, et al., 201130. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryVF-5 MS763.Leffingwell and Alford, 201160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryVF-5 MS769.Leffingwell and Alford, 201160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryUltra-ALLOY-5765.Tsuge, Ohtan, et al., 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 20. K/min, 320. C @ 13. min
CapillaryUltra-ALLOY-5766.Tsuge, Ohtan, et al., 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 20. K/min, 320. C @ 13. min
CapillaryZB-5766.Harrison and Priest, 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 9. min
CapillaryHP-5 MS759.Kim and Chung, 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 30. min
CapillarySPB-5771.Sivadier, Ratel, et al., 200960. m/0.32 mm/1.00 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
CapillarySPB-1757.Frerot, Velluz, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-5773.Mildner-Szkudlarz and Jelen, 200810. m/0.10 mm/0.40 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min
CapillaryVF-5MS758.Ghiasvand, Setkova, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 7. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySPB-5770.Vasta, Ratel, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillarySPB-5770.Vasta, Ratel, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-1753.Berlioz, Cordella, et al., 200650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryHP-1746.Castel, Fernandez, et al., 200650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
CapillaryHP-1746.Castel, Fernandez, et al., 200650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
CapillaryHP-1750.Castel, Fernandez, et al., 200650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
CapillaryHP-1750.Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006, 250. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 120. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryHP-1750.Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006, 250. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-5 MS756.Schirack, Drake, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH756.Sojak, Kubinec, et al., 2006150. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryHP-5766.1Leffingwell and Alford, 200560. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
CapillaryMDN-5766.van Loon, Linssen, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
CapillarySPB-5773.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryHP-1753.Cavalli, Fernandez, et al., 200450. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillarySE-54776.Kilic, Hafizoglu, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryDB-1745.Park, Lee, et al., 200460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
CapillaryDB-1748.Park, Lee, et al., 200460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
Capillary5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane772.Ramírez, Estévez, et al., 20040. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-1771.Butrym and Hartman, 200360. m/0.53 mm/0.5 μm, 10. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min; Tstart: -20. C
CapillaryDB-5764.Dhanda, Pegg, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 4. min
CapillaryMDN-5773.Mildner-Szkudlarz, Jelen, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min
CapillaryDB-5773.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
CapillarySPB-5768.Sebastian, Viallon-Fernandez, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillarySPB-1741.Vichi, Castellote, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySPB-1742.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
Capillary5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane766.Hussam, Alauddin, et al., 200215. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryHP-5761.Isidorov and Jdanova, 20023. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySPB-5776.Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillarySPB-5769.Poligné, Collignan, et al., 200160. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryHP-5770.García, Martín, et al., 200060. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryBP-1761.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-5MS753.2Shoenmakers, Oomen, et al., 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryMethyl Silicone751.13Baraldi, Rapparini, et al., 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryHP-5770.Jung, Wichmann, et al., 199925. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-5769.Meynier, Novelli, et al., 199930. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-1753.Orav, Kailas, et al., 19992. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 160. C
CapillaryOV-101754.Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999, 250. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 30. C @ 6. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 100. C
CapillarySE-54756.Ding, Deng, et al., 199835. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySE-54779.Huang, Liang, et al., 199636. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillarySE-54752.Guan, Li, et al., 199560. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryHP-5771.2Wang and Fingas, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min
CapillarySP-2100744.Fischer and Kusch, 1993He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryUltra-2750.King, Hamilton, et al., 199350. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-5765.Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 199330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-5765.Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 199330. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-1748.Shiota, 199330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-1752.Shiota, 199330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-1756.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryOV-1743.Guan, Zheng, et al., 199250. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, H2, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryOV-1746.Guan, Zheng, et al., 199250. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, H2, 2. K/min; Tstart: 35. C
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB746.Hartgers, Damste, et al., 199225. m/0.32 mm/0.45 μm, He, 0. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 320. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-5771.Berdague, Denoyer, et al., 199160. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-5774.Lee, Macku, et al., 199160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-5774.Macku and Shibamoto, 1991He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 160. C
CapillaryOV-101752.Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 199150. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1752.Shiota, 199160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-1756.Shiota, 199160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryOV-101756.Zenkevich and Ventura, 1991Helium, 50. C @ 0. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 0. min; Column length: 54. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm
CapillaryHP-5764.Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990H2, 16. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1748.Flath, Matsumoto, et al., 198960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1748.Flath, Matsumoto, et al., 198960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1749.Flath, Matsumoto, et al., 198960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1753.Flath, Matsumoto, et al., 198960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101760.Sugisawa, Yang, et al., 1989N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-101765.Sugisawa, Yang, et al., 1989N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-1748.7Durand, Boscher, et al., 198750. m/0.2 mm/0.52 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 1.1 K/min; Tend: 150. C
CapillaryDB-1752.Habu, Flath, et al., 19853. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySE-30750.Hackett, Gibbon, et al., 1985He, 20. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 16. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-101748.del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984He, 0. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 225. C
CapillarySE-30748.Heydanek and McGorrin, 198140. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C
CapillarySE-30748.Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981, 2He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C
PackedApiezon L734.Dahlmann, Köser, et al., 1979Chromosorb G-AW-DMCS, 10. K/min; Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 25. C
CapillaryOV-1753.Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1979N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Column diameter: 0.762 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillarySF-96761.Donetzhuber, Johansson, et al., 1976Nitrogen, 3. K/min, 130. C @ 40. min; Column length: 111. m; Column diameter: 0.76 mm; Initial hold: 8. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5 MS760.Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups771.Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups776.Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryVF-5764.Shivashankar, Roy, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 3 0C/min -> 200 0C (3 min) 10 0C/min -> 220 0C (8 min)
CapillaryVF-5759.Shivashankar, Roy, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1756.Delort and Jaquier, 200960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (5 min) 3 0C/min -> 120 0C 5 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min) 15 0C/min -> 300 0C (20 min)
CapillaryHP-5772.Pugliese, Sirtori, et al., 200950. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5761.Rotsatschakul, Visesanguan, et al., 200960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (2 min) 2 0Cmin -> 60 0C 10 0C/min -> 100 0C 20 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C (10 min)
CapillaryCP-Sil 5 Cb746.Collin, Nizet, et al., 200850. m/0.32 mm/1.20 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 40 0C 20 0C/min -> 85 0C 1 0C/min -> 145 0C 3 0C/min -> 250 0C (30 min)
CapillaryNonpolar750.Staples and Zeiger, 2008Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5769.Ventanas, Estevez, et al., 200850. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (10 min) 5 0C/min -> 200 0C 15 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
CapillaryHP-5 MS764.Xie, Sun, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 4 0C/min -> 220 0C 20 0C/min -> 280 0C
CapillaryHP-5763.Zhao, Li, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 7 oC/min -> 160 0C 9 0C/min -> 200 0C 20 0C/min -> 280 0C (10 min)
CapillaryHP-5770.Zhao, Li, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-1746.Barra, Baldovini, et al., 200750. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 2C/min => 200C => 15C/min => 250C (30min)
CapillaryHP-5 MS765.Chuang, Lee, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 50 0C (15 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C (10 min) 2 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
CapillaryDB-5 MS776.Liu, Xu, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 100 0C 4 0C/min -> 180 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (12 min)
CapillaryDB-5756.Pellicer, 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5767.Pellicer, 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-101772.Ebrahimi and Hadjmohammadi, 2006Program: not specified
CapillaryRTX-5780.Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: not specified
CapillaryRTX-5773.Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: not specified
CapillaryRTX-5780.Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: not specified
CapillaryRTX-5780.Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5MS766.Alissandrakis, Kibaris, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 2C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 250C(5min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone759.Blunden, Aneja, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min)
CapillaryCP-Sil5 CB MS746.Iraqi, Vermeulen, et al., 200550. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C(2min) => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C(30min)
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups776.Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005, 2Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5774.Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5MS769.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C
CapillaryHP-1753.Carpino, Mallia, et al., 200412. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm; Program: 35C(3min) => 6C/min => 190C => 30C/min => 225C
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB752.Counet, Ouwerx, et al., 200450. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C(30min)
CapillaryHP-5772.Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 200450. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C(5min)
CapillaryDB-5772.Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004, 250. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C (5min)
CapillarySPB-5766.Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryPolymethylsiloxane, (PMS-20000)760.Cornwell and Cordano, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB767.Counet, Callemien, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C=3C/min => 250C(30min)
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB772.Counet, Callemien, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C=3C/min => 250C(30min)
CapillaryHP-5770.Jordán, Margaría, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C (6min) => 2.5C/min => 150C => 90C/min => 250C
CapillaryMethyl phenyl siloxane (not specified)769.Poligne, Collignan, et al., 2002Program: not specified
CapillaryBP-1744.20Cooke, Hassoun, et al., 200150. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C => 49.9C/min => 5C(3min) => 3C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 220C(20 min)
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB766.Duckham, Dodson, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5 MS780.Luo and Agnew, 200130. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-101766.Zhu and Wang, 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1756.Zhu and Wang, 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryBPX-5769.Madruga, Arruda, et al., 200050. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 20 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone751.Spieksma, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1755.Zhu and He, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1756.Zhu and He, 1999Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54771.Zhu and He, 1999Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54773.Zhu and He, 1999Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54756.Ding, Deng, et al., 1998Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54760.Ding, Deng, et al., 1998Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB751.Guyot, Bouseta, et al., 199850. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He; Program: 30C => 55C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C
CapillaryHP-5778.Timón, Ventanas, et al., 199850. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He; Program: 35 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C (20 min) 5 0C/min -> 230 0C (50 min)
CapillarySPB-1763.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryMethyl Silicone760.Zenkevich and Tsibulskaya, 1997Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5770.Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 199650. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
CapillaryDB-5768.Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 199650. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
CapillaryDB-1764.Peng, 199630. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (1 min) 5 0C/min -> 280 0C (20 min)
CapillarySE-30760.Xiuhua, Zhang, et al., 1996Program: not specified
CapillarySE-30766.Xiuhua, Zhang, et al., 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes760.Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes760.Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5765.Sorimachi, Tanabe, et al., 1995He; Column length: 30. m; Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone752.Xu, Chu, et al., 1995Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone760.Zenkevich, 1995Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1749.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1758.Schuberth, 199430. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 10C/min => 200C => 50C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-1749.Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 199360. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min
CapillarySPB-1763.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySPB-1768.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54763.Um, Bailey, et al., 1992He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35 0C (5 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C 2 0C/min -> 250 0C
CapillaryOV-1760.7Engewald and Maurer, 1990Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 1) 1st 30m column temp ramp 4C/min 60-120C 2)2nd 30m column isothermal 100C
CapillaryOV-1768.5Engewald and Maurer, 1990Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 1) 1st 30m column temp ramp 4C/min 60-120C. 2) 2nd 30m column isothermal 120C.
CapillaryOV-1769.Engewald and Maurer, 1990Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 1) 1st 30m column temp ramp 6C/min 60-120C. 2) 2nd 30m column isothermal 120C.
CapillaryOV-1768.Engewald and Maurer, 1990Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 1)1st 30m column temp ramp 3C/min 60-120 2)2nd 30m column isothermal 120C
CapillarySqualane757.6Dimov and Mekenyan, 1989Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB771.Weller and Wolf, 198940. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C
CapillarySE-30766.Ibrahim and Suffet, 1988N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 50C(8min) => 3C/min => 150C => 35C/min => 275C (10min)
Capillarymethyl silicone oil with 5% Igepal751.Schultz, Flath, et al., 1988Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified
Capillarymethyl silicone oil with 5% Igepal755.Schultz, Flath, et al., 1988Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1739.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-1748.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillarySE-30763.P'yanova, Zvereva, et al., 1987Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySE-52771.van Langenhove and Schamp, 1986Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Program: not specified
PackedSE-30764.Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984He, Chromosorb AW; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.734.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.745.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.748.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.751.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.752.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.753.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.761.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.764.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.767.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1756.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified
CapillarySE-30749.Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981, 2He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Program: -10C (8min) => 12C/min => 26C => 3C/min => 170C (30min)
PackedSE-30770.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold)
PackedSqualane755.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min => 35 => 4C/min => 95C(hold)
PackedSE-30770.Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C(10min) => 20C/min(2min) => 90C(6min) => 10C/min(6min) => (hold at 150C)
PackedSqualane755.Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min(5min) => 4C/min(15min) => (hold at 95C)

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M100.1073.Sun, Siepmann, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
CapillaryCarbowax 20M120.1083.Sun, Siepmann, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
CapillaryCarbowax 20M60.1052.Sun, Siepmann, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
CapillaryCarbowax 20M80.1062.Sun, Siepmann, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
CapillaryDB-Wax60.1065.Shimadzu, 2003, 250. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillaryPEG-40M100.1056.Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000Column length: 50. m
CapillaryPEG-40M100.1058.Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000Column length: 50. m
CapillaryPEG-40M120.1068.Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000Column length: 50. m
CapillaryPEG-40M140.1077.Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000Column length: 50. m
CapillaryPEG-40M60.1041.Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000Column length: 50. m
CapillaryPEG-40M80.1048.Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000Column length: 50. m
CapillaryCarbowax 20M90.1027.Sutter, Peterson, et al., 1997 
PackedPEG100.1038.Dowling, Evans, et al., 1990Phasesep W (10 %)
PackedPEG100.1070.Dowling, Evans, et al., 1990Phasesep W (10 %)
PackedPEG100.1093.Dowling, Evans, et al., 1990Phasesep W (10 %)

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCP-Wax CB1028.Alves, da Penha, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 150. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryHP-Innowax1022.Puvipirom and Chaisei, 201215. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1059.Shimadzu, 201230. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryDB-FFAP1040.Czerny, Brueckner, et al., 201130. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 8. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-Innowax1061.Soria, Sanz, et al., 200850. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
CapillaryStabilwax1029.Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 200760. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryFFAP1047.Nebesny, Budryn, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, N2, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 320. C @ 45. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1051.Povolo, Contarini, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1043.Povolo, Contarini, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1051.Povolo, Contarini, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1051.Povolo, Contarini, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1027.Schirack, Drake, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1026.de la Fuente, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200550. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1065.Chida, Sone, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1041.Jiang and Kubota, 2004He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryHP-Innowax1020.Soria, Gonzalez, et al., 200450. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, He, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
CapillaryStabilwax1029.Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003, 260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1059.Shimadzu Corporation, 200330. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1034.Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1037.Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101030.Vichi, Castellote, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101026.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryRTX-Wax1059.Galindo-Cuspinera, Lubran, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 180. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1017.Osorio, Duque, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1019.Osorio, Duque, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryHP-Wax1040.Sanz, Maeztu, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1031.Duque, Bonilla, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 25. C
CapillaryHP-Wax1040.Sanz, Ansorena, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1055.Franco and Shibamoto, 2000He, 50. C @ 8. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tend: 180. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101041.Girard and Durance, 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1037.Umano, Hagi, et al., 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1031.Hwan and Chou, 199950. m/0.32 mm/0.22 μm, H2, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 190. C @ 21. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1036.Umano, Nakahara, et al., 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryPEG-20M1011.Ding, Deng, et al., 19982. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1029.Horiuchi, Umano, et al., 199860. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1043.Mölleken, Sinnwell, et al., 199830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryTC-Wax1038.Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 199680. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 240. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101060.Girard and Lau, 199590. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 20. min, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1038.Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1047.Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993, 260. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1017.Kawakami, Kobayashi, et al., 1993He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1035.Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1024.Herain, MRAVEC, et al., 199170. C @ 21. min, 5. K/min, 150. C @ 999. min
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1017.Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1035.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1035.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryBP-201055.MacLeod and Snyder, 198570. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tend: 180. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelco CO Wax-101039.Prompona, Kandylis, et al., 201260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (6 min) 2 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 200 0C 25 0C/min -> 250 0C (6 min)
CapillarySupelco CO Wax-101040.Prompona, Kandylis, et al., 201260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySOLGel-Wax1042.Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
CapillarySOLGel-Wax1040.Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1069.Kadar, Juan-Borras, et al., 201060. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 4 0C/min -> 190 0C (11 min) 8 0C/min -> 220 0C (8 min)
CapillarySupelko CO Wax1043.Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 201060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
CapillarySupelko CO Wax1026.Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 201060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
CapillarySupelko CO Wax1030.Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 201060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryBP-201081.Rodrigues, Caldera, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (1 min) 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (2 min) 1.7 0C/min -> 180 0C (1 min) 25 0C/min -> 220 0C (10 min)
CapillarySupelcowax 101061.Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200850. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
CapillarySupelcowax-101040.Berard, Bianchi, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-101043.Berard, Bianchi, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1043.Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C
CapillaryDB-Wax1042.Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-Innowax1026.Narain, Galvao, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 1 0C/min -> 130 0C 10 0C/min -> 195 0C (45 min)
CapillaryBP-201023.Pontes, Marques, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(1min) => 2.5C/min => 100C => 2C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 220C
CapillaryBP-201023.Pontes, Marques, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(1min) => 2.5C/min => 100C => 2C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 220C
CapillarySupelcowax-101043.Vichi, Guadayol, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C(5min)
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1033.Editorial paper, 2005Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1036.Editorial paper, 2005Program: not specified
CapillarySupelcowax-101023.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1050.Cornwell and Cordano, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1027.Ivanciuc, Ivanciuc, et al., 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1043.Piveteau, le Guen, et al., 200060. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(6min) => 1C/min => 130C => 10C/min => 240C (15min)
CapillaryPEG-20M1012.Ding, Deng, et al., 1998Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySupelcowax 101034.Castioni and Kapetanidis, 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (10 min) 2 0C/min -> 80 0C 3 0C/min -> 100 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (30 min)
CapillarySupelcowax 101047.Castioni and Kapetanidis, 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySupelcowax 101058.Castioni and Kapetanidis, 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1051.Peng, 199630. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 4 0C/min -> 200 0C (20 min)
CapillaryPEG-20M1050.Xiuhua, Zhang, et al., 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Wax 52 CB1031.Patterson and Stevenson, 199550. m/0.32 mm/0.20 μm; Program: 50 0C (10 min) 2 0C/min -> 100 0C 5 0C/min -> 150 0C 7 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1032.Luning, de Rijk, et al., 199450. m/0.32 mm/1.5 μm; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-Wax1043.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1051.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1032.Dimov and Mekenyan, 1989Program: not specified
CapillarySuperox 0.6; Carbowax 20M1027.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.1027.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.1037.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.1054.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1035.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5106.1Wang, Hou, et al., 200730. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
CapillaryHP-5106.1Shao, Wang, et al., 200630. m/0.3 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
CapillaryHT-5112.43Williams and Williams, 199840. C @ 8. min, 5. K/min, 400. C @ 20. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-5112.62Williams and Horne, 1995He, 60. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tend: 270. C

Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5MS111.93Cheng, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 120 0C (3 min) 10 0C/min -> 230 0C

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Site Links, NIST Free Links, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008
Roux, M.V.; Temprado, M.; Chickos, J.S.; Nagano, Y., Critically Evaluated Thermochemical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2008, 37, 4, 1855-1996. [all data]

Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Gilmont, R.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, and styrene, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 34, 65-70. [all data]

Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946
Prosen, E.J.; Johnson, W.H.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion and formation at 25°C of the alkylbenzenes through C10H14, and of the higher normal monoalkylbenzenes, J. Res. NBS, 1946, 36, 455-461. [all data]

Schmidlin, 1906
Schmidlin, M.J., Recherches chimiques et thermochimiques sur la constitution des rosanilines, Ann. Chim. Phys., 1906, 1, 195-256. [all data]

Draeger, 1985
Draeger, J.A., The methylbenzenes II. Fundamental vibrational shifts, statistical thermodynamic functions, and properties of formation, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1985, 17, 263-275. [all data]

Chao J., 1984
Chao J., Chemical thermodynamic properties of toluene, o-, m- and p-xylenes, Thermochim. Acta, 1984, 72, 323-334. [all data]

Pitzer K.S., 1943
Pitzer K.S., The thermodynamics and molecular structure of benzene and its methyl derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 803-829. [all data]

Taylor W.J., 1946
Taylor W.J., Heats, equilibrium constants, and free energies of formation of the alkylbenzenes, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 1946, 37, 95-122. [all data]

Scott D.W., 1962
Scott D.W., Toluene: thermodynamic properties, molecular vibrations, and internal rotation, J. Phys. Chem., 1962, 66, 911-914. [all data]

Montgomery J.B., 1942
Montgomery J.B., The heat capacity of organic vapors. IV. Benzene, fluorobenzene, toluene, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane and cyclohexene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1942, 64, 2375-2377. [all data]

Scott, Guthrie, et al., 1962
Scott, D.W.; Guthrie, G.B.; Messerly, J.F.; Todd, S.S.; Berg, W.T.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; McCullough, J.P., Toluene: thermodynamic properties, molecular vibrations, and internal rotation, J. Phys. Chem., 1962, 66, 911-914. [all data]

Kelley, 1929
Kelley, K.K., The heat capacity of toluene from 14K to 298K. The entropy and the free energy of formation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1929, 51, 2738-2741. [all data]

Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1993
Grolier, J.-P.E.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Berkane, M.; Jimenez, E.; Wilhelm, E., Heat capacities and densities of mixtures of very polar substances 2. Mixtures containing N,N-dimethylformamide, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1993, 25(1), 41-50. [all data]

Shiohama, Ogawa, et al., 1988
Shiohama, Y.; Ogawa, H.; Murakami, S.; Fujihara, I., Excess molar isobaric heat capacities and isentropic compressibilities of (cis- or trans-decalin + benzene or toluene or iso-octane or n-heptane) at 298.15 K, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1988, 20, 1183-1189. [all data]

Reddy, 1986
Reddy, K.S., Isentropic compressibilities of binary liquid mixtures at 303.15 and 313.15 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1986, 31, 238-240. [all data]

Roux-Dexgranges, Grolier, et al., 1986
Roux-Dexgranges, G.; Grolier, J.-P.E.; Villamanan, M.A.; Casanova, C., Role of alcohol in microemulsions. III. Volumes and heat capacities in the continuious phase water-n-butanol-toluene of reverse micelles, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1986, 25, 209-230. [all data]

Tardajos, Aicart, et al., 1986
Tardajos, G.; Aicart, E.; Costas, M.; Patterson, D., Liquid structure and second-order mixing functions for benzene, toluene, and p-xylene with n-alkanes, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1986, 1 82, 2977-2987. [all data]

Stephens and Olson, 1984
Stephens, M.; Olson, J.D., Measurement of excess heat capacities by differential scanning calorimetry, Thermochim. Acta, 1984, 76, 79-85. [all data]

Grolier, Inglese, et al., 1982
Grolier, J.-P.E.; Inglese, A.; Wilhelm, E., Excess volumes and excess heat capacities of tetrachloroethene + cyclohexane, + methylcyclohexane, + benzene, and + toluene at 298.15 K, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1982, 14, 523-529. [all data]

Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1982
Wilhelm, E.; Faradjzadeh, A.; Grolier, J.-P.E., Excess volumes and excess heat capacities of 2,3-dimethylbutane + butane and + toluene, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1982, 14, 1199-1200. [all data]

Atalla, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1981
Atalla, S.R.; El-Sharkawy, A.A.; Gasser, F.A., Measurement of thermal properties of liquids with an AC heated-wire technique, Inter. J. Thermophys., 1981, 2(2), 155-162. [all data]

Andolenko and Grigor'ev, 1979
Andolenko, R.A.; Grigor'ev, B.A., Investigation of isobaric heat capacity of aromatic hydrocarbons at atmospheric pressure, Iaz. Vyssh. Ucheb. Zaved., Neft i Gaz (11), 1979, 78, 90. [all data]

Fortier and Benson, 1979
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C., Heat capacities of some binary aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures containing benzene or toluene, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1979, 24(1), 34-37. [all data]

Fortier and Benson, 1977
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C., Excess heat capacities of binary mixtures of tetrachloromethane witlh some aromatic liquids at 298.15 K, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1977, 9, 1181-1188. [all data]

Wilhelm, Grolier, et al., 1977
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Notes

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