Hydroxyl radical

• Formula: HO
• Molecular weight: 17.0073
• IUPAC Standard InChI:
  

  InChI=1S/HO/h1H Download the identifier in a file.

• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• CAS Registry Number: 3352-57-6
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • Hydroxyl-d
  • hydroxyl-t
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Constants of diatomic molecules
  • References
  • Notes
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
fH°gas	38.99	kJ/mol	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in June, 1977
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°gas,1 bar	183.71	J/mol*K	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in June, 1977

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

O^- +  =

By formula: O^- + H⁺ = HO

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	1600.798 ± 0.042	kJ/mol	D-EA	Neumark, Lykke, et al., 1985	gas phase; Given: 1.461122(3) eV; revised to 1.4611107(17) eV, 95BLO, based on missing term+86CODATA
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	1576.2 ± 0.63	kJ/mol	H-TS	Neumark, Lykke, et al., 1985	gas phase; Given: 1.461122(3) eV; revised to 1.4611107(17) eV, 95BLO, based on missing term+86CODATA

 +  = HFO^-

By formula: F^- + HO = HFO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	136. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	LPES	Deyerl and Continetti, 2005	gas phase; affinity at 0 K

 +  = (  )

By formula: H^- + HO = (H^-  HO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	217. ± 17.	kJ/mol	Ther	de Koening and Nibbering, 1984	gas phase

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/kg*bar)
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to HO⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

O^- +  =

By formula: O^- + H⁺ = HO

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	1600.798 ± 0.042	kJ/mol	D-EA	Neumark, Lykke, et al., 1985	gas phase; Given: 1.461122(3) eV; revised to 1.4611107(17) eV, 95BLO, based on missing term+86CODATA; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	1576.2 ± 0.63	kJ/mol	H-TS	Neumark, Lykke, et al., 1985	gas phase; Given: 1.461122(3) eV; revised to 1.4611107(17) eV, 95BLO, based on missing term+86CODATA; B

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = HFO^-

By formula: F^- + HO = HFO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	136. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	LPES	Deyerl and Continetti, 2005	gas phase; affinity at 0 K

 +  = (  )

By formula: H^- + HO = (H^-  HO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	217. ± 17.	kJ/mol	Ther	de Koening and Nibbering, 1984	gas phase

Constants of diatomic molecules

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg

Data collected through May, 1977

Diatomic constants for ¹⁶O¹H

State	Te	e	exe	eye	Be	e	e	De	e	re	Trans.	00
Theoretical potential functions for 48 states Easson and Pryce, 1973; for X 2 and A 2+ see Stevens, Das, et al., 1974 Chu, Yoshimine, et al., 1974 Meyer and Rosmus, 1975.
C 2+	89459.1	1232.9 Z	19.1		4.247 1 2	0.078		2E-4		2.0461	C A 3 4 R	55820.7 Z
	↳Michel, 1957; Felenbok, 1963; missing citation
C 2+ 5											(C X) 3	(88223)
	↳Michel, 1957; missing citation
D 2-	(82130)	(2954)			[15.2179] 6			[16.16E-4]		[1.08093]	D X 7 R	81759.78 8 Z
	↳Douglas, 1974
State	Te	e	exe	eye	Be	e	e	De	e	re	Trans.	00
B 2+	69774	[660.0] Z	9		[5.086] 10 2	11		[9.29E-4] 12		[1.8698]	B A 4 R	35965.5 Z
	↳Barrow, 1956; Michel, 1957; Herman, Felenbok, et al., 1961; missing citation; missing citation; missing citation; Czarny, Felenbok, et al., 1971
A 2+	32684.1	3178.86 Z	92.917 13		17.358 14 15 16 2	0.7868 17	-0.016	[20.39E-4] 18		1.0121	A X 19 20 R	32402.39 8 Z
	↳Dieke and Crosswhite, 1948; Stoebner and Delbourgo, 1967; missing citation
X 2i	0 21	3737.761 Z	84.8813 22		18.9108 23 2	0.7242 24		19.38E-4 25		0.96966	1/2 3/2 26	126.23
	↳Evenson, Wells, et al., 1970; Mizushima, 1972
	Rotational-vibration band 27 28
	1-0 sequence
	↳Allen, Blaine, et al., 1957; Charters and Polanyi, 1960; Maillard, Chauville, et al., 1976
	2-0 sequence
	↳Benedict, Plyler, et al., 1953; Charters and Polanyi, 1960; Rogge, Yarger, et al., 1960; Maillard, Chauville, et al., 1976
	3-0 sequence
	↳Bass and Garvin, 1962; Maillard, Chauville, et al., 1976
	4-0 sequence
	↳Herman and Hornbeck, 1953; Chamberlain and Roesler, 1955; McKinley, Garvin, et al., 1955; Bass and Garvin, 1962
	other sequences
	↳Chamberlain and Roesler, 1955; McKinley, Garvin, et al., 1955; Blackwell, Ingham, et al., 1960; Bass and Garvin, 1962
	Rotation sp.
	↳Madden and Benedict, 1955; Ducas and Javan, 1974; Downey, Robinson, et al., 1977
	Hf -doubling sp. 29 30 31
	↳Dousmanis, Sanders, et al., 1955; Ehrenstein, 1963; Poynter and Beaudet, 1968; Destombes, Marliere, et al., 1974; Destombes and Marliere, 1975; Meerts and Dymanus, 1975; Meerts, 1977
	EPR sp. 32
	↳Radford, 1961; Churg and Levy, 1970; Clough, Curran, et al., 1971; Lee, Tam, et al., 1971; Hinkley, Walker, et al., 1973; Lee and Tam, 1974

Notes

1	Spin splitting constants 0 ...3 = +1.09...+0.67 Michel, 1957, Carlone and Dalby, 1969.
2	RKR potential functions Fallon, Tobias, et al., 1961, Horsley and Richards, 1969.
3	Lifetime of the upper state of the CA system ~ 6 ns; measurements in the 1700-1900 region give ~2 ns which, in spite of the poor agreement, is not inconsistent with the assignment of at least part of these bands to CX Smith and Stella, 1975. Much longer lifetimes (~ 80 ns) have been reported by Remy, 1971.
4	Franck-Condon factors Felenbok, 1963.
5	Strong many-line spectrum 1900-1700 Å, tentative identification.
6	Spin splitting constant 0 = -0.293.
7	Theoretical oscillator strength f00 = 0.0036 Ray and Kelly, 1975.
8	Energy of N'=0 relative to the zero-point of the Hill-Van Vleck expression for the ground state.
9	Using isotope relations Barrow, 1956 estimates e = 940, exe = 105, eye = -21.5.
10	Spin splitting constant <0.03 Carlone and Dalby, 1969. Predissociation by rotation in v=0 above N=15, in v=1 above N=9; dissociation products 1S + 2S Felenbok, 1963, Carlone and Dalby, 1969.
11	B1 = 4.119. Constants for the B state are from Carlone and Dalby, 1969.
12	D1 ~ 29.1E-4, H1= -15E-5.
13	-1.7915(v+1/2)3 + 0.32362(v+1/2)4 - 0.03585(v+1/2)5 Barrow, 1956. Energy levels and improved G(v+1/2) values are listed in Carlone and Dalby, 1969.
14	Spin splitting constants 0 ... 3 = 0.201, 0.196, 0.192, 0.193 Moore and Richards, 1971; see also Dieke and Crosswhite, 1948.
15	Predissociation in v=0 above N=23, in v=1 above N=14, and of all levels in v=2; from the lifetime measurements of Elmergreen and Smith, 1972, Anderson and Sutherland, 1973, German, 1975. A sharp decrease in the intensity of emission lines originating from the predissociated levels has been observed at or slightly above threshold in low pressure flames and discharges Gaydon and Wolfhard, 1951, Broida and Kane, 1953, Naegeli and Palmer, 1967; Charton and Gaydon, 1958 report corresponding intensity increases due to inverse predissociation in hydrogen flames; see also Gutman, Lutz, et al., 1968. The predissociation is noticeably stronger for the F1 than for the F2 levels; according to Palmer and Naegeli, 1968, Michels and Harris, 1969, Gaydon and Kopp, 1971, Anderson and Sutherland, 1973, Palmer and Naegeli, 1973, Smith, Elmergreen, et al., 1974, German, 1975 it is caused by the 4- state arising from 3P + 2S, but the possibility of predissociation by the 2 ground state has also been considered Durmaz and Murrell, 1971, Julienne, Krauss, et al., 1971. A much stronger predissociation of A 2+ leading to diffuseness in the BA bands has been observed Michel, 1957, Czarny and Felenbok, 1968, Carlone and Dalby, 1969 for v=5, 6, 7 at all N levels and for v=8 above N=6; according to Czarny, Felenbok, et al., 1971 it is produced by the 4 state arising from 3P + 2S.
16	el(v=0) = 1.98 D from high-field Stark effects on the AX transition Scarl and Dalby, 1971.
17	The equilibrium constants were derived by Barrow, 1956 to fit Bv from v=0 to 4. Improved Bv values (v=0.. .3) have been obtained by Moore and Richards, 1971 from the data of Dieke and Crosswhite, 1948; additional Bv values for v9 are listed in Barrow, 1956, Michel, 1957, Felenbok, 1963, Carlone and Dalby, 1969. For term values (v=0...3) see Moore and Richards, 1971.
18	Other Dv values in Moore and Richards, 1971 and Barrow, 1956, Michel, 1957, Felenbok, 1963, Carlone and Dalby, 1969; H0 = 8.71E-8 Moore and Richards, 1971.
19	Radiative lifetimes (v=0,N=1) = 693 ± 10 ns, (v=l,N=1) = 736 ± 11 ns German, 1975. The increase from v=0 to v=1 and a similar variation with increasing rotation in v=0 [ German, 1975, see also Elmergreen and Smith, 1972, Anderson and Sutherland, 1973] are explained by the dependence on r of the transition moment [see German, 1975 and references given there]. Hogan and Davis, 1974 using a method very similar to German, 1975 obtain 720 765 ns for the average lifetimes of several low-lying rotational levels in v=0 and 1, respectively. Earlier apparently less accurate determinations Elmergreen and Smith, 1972, Becker and Haaks, 1973, Anderson and Sutherland, 1973, Becker, Haaks, et al., 1974, Brophy, Silver, et al., 1974 gave somewhat higher values [see also Bennett and Dalby, 1964]; Hanle effect measurements de Zafra, Marshall, et al., 1971, German, Bergeman, et al., 1973 are slightly lower. The decay time of the predissociated v=2 level (see 15) is 203 ± 13 ns for N=0 and decreases rapidly at higher N German, 1975; estimated non- radiative lifetime for N=1 ~ 270 ns. High-resolution line absorption measurements by Rouse and Engleman, 1973 [see also Golden, Del Greco, et al., 1963] give f00 = 0.00095 for the rotationless molecule in reasonable agreement with lifetime measurements but in sharp contrast to f00 = 0.00148 obtained by Anketell and Pery-Thorne, 1967 using the hook method; f10 values are, respectively, 0.00024 and 0.00089.
20	Observed in emission in all kinds of electric discharges (often as an impurity), in flames Krishnamachari and Broida, 1961 and in the heads of comets; in absorption in H2O vapour at high temperature Bonhoeffer and Reichardt, 1928 and in electric discharges Oldenberg, 1935, in flames Gaydon, Spokes, et al., 1960, in the flash photolysis of H2O, O3 + H2O, and other mixtures Basco and Norrish, 1961, Black and Porter, 1962, Horne and Norrish, 1967, and in stellar spectra, especially the solar spectrum Moore and Broida, 1959. Emission and absorption in solid neon Tinti, 1968. Atlas of A-X bands Bass and Broida, 1953, new measurements of the 0-0 and 1-0 bands Engleman, 1972. Magnetic rotation spectrum Nanes and Robinson, 1971. Franck-Condon factors Nicholls, 1956, Nicholls, Fraser, et al., 1959, Felenbok, 1963. Vibrational intensity distribution Dieke and Crosswhite, 1948, Crosley and Lengel, 1975; rotational intensity distribution Learner, 1962, Meinel, 1967; effect of variation of transition moment with r and dependence on J Anketell and Learner, 1967, Crosley and Lengel, 1975.
21	Av = -139.21 - 0.275v Maillard, Chauville, et al., 1976.
22	+0.5409(v+1/2)3 - 0.02134(v+1/2)4 - 0.00113(v+1/2)5, representing the vibrational levels up to v=5 Maillard, Chauville, et al., 1976; see also Herman and Hornbeck, 1953, Chamberlain and Roesler, 1955. G(1/2) = 3569.640 Maillard, Chauville, et al., 1976.
23	-type doubling parameters pv = 0.235 - 0.006v, qv = -0.0391 + 0.0018v, see Maillard, Chauville, et al., 1976 who give also centrifugal distortion terms. See 24.
24	+0.00706(v+1/2)2 - 0.00050(v+1/2)3, representing B0 ...B5 Maillard, Chauville, et al., 1976; slightly different constants in Herman and Hornbeck, 1953, Moore and Richards, 1971, Veseth, 1971, Mizushima, 1972. Term values for v3 tabulated in Dieke and Crosswhite, 1948, Moore and Richards, 1971, for v=4, 5, 6 in Herman and Hornbeck, 1953, for v=7, 8, 9 in Bass and Garvin, 1962.
25	-0.432E-4(v+1/2) + 0.024E-4(v+1/2)2; H0 = 14.2E-8 Maillard, Chauville, et al., 1976, see 24.
26	The 79 m electric dipole spectrum (21/2,J=1/2 23/2, J=3/2) has been measured by the laser magnetic resonance method.
27	Observed in emission in the spectrum of the night sky Meinel, 1950, Chamberlain and Roesler, 1955, Jones, 1955, Connes and Gush, 1959, Blackwell, Ingham, et al., 1960, in the H + O3 reaction McKinley, Garvin, et al., 1955, Kraus, 1957, Bass and Garvin, 1962, Murphy, 1971, in the H + O2 reaction Charters and Polanyi, 1960, and in oxyacetylene flames Benedict, Plyler, et al., 1953, Allen, Blaine, et al., 1957, Rogge, Yarger, et al., 1960, Maillard, Chauville, et al., 1976. In absorption in rare gas matrices Acquista, Schoen, et al., 1968.
28	Radiative lifetimes derived from observed intensities: (v=1) = 24 ms, (v=2) = 12 ms Roux, d'Incan, et al., 1973; from the decay rate of the 97 radiation: (v=9) = 64 ms Potter, Coltharp, et al., 1971. The dipole moment function has been studied by many authors, most recently by Ferguson and Parkinson, 1963, d'Incan, Effantin, et al., 1971, Murphy, 1971 and Roux, d'Incan, et al., 1973 from measured band strengths and transition probabilities. An extensive ab initio calculation of the dipole moment function is given by Stevens, Das, et al., 1974 [see also Chu, Yoshimine, et al., 1974]. Mies, 1974 has used this ab initio function to predict absolute intensities of a large array of vibration-rotation transitions taking account of spin uncoupling and vibration-rotation interaction [see also the early work of Heaps and Herzberg, 1952 and Cashion, 1963].
29	The 18 cm transition (23/2,J=3/2) consists of four components Ehrenstein, Townes, et al., 1959, Radford, 1964, ter Meulen and Dymanus, 1972: F'=1F"=2 1612.23101 MHz F'=1F"=1 1665.40184 MHz F'=2F"=2 1667.35903 MHz F'=2F"=1 1720.52998 MHz Einstein A coefficients for these transitions have been calculated by Turner, 1966. Calculated frequencies for 17OH Valtz and Soglasnova, 1973.
30	Hfs and -doubling constants. From Stark shifts of the hf -doubling transitions Powell and Lide, 1965, Meerts and Dymanus, 1973 determine el(v=0) = 1.6676 D.
31	Also observed in interstellar clouds, see the reviews in Barrett, 1967, Robinson and McGee, 1967, Cook, 1969. In some clouds there is strong evidence for maser action. In the laboratory population inversion between -doublet states was recently observed by ter Meulen, Meerts, et al., 1976.
32	Observed in v=0...9. Hyperfine and -doubling constants. EPR spectrum of 17OH Carrington and Lucas, 1970.
33	Short extrapolation of the vibrational levels in A 2+, assuming that this state has no potential maximum; confirmed by the observed predissociation in B 2+ Carlone and Dalby, 1969. De = 4.621 eV, in complete agreement with the most recent theoretical value Arnold, Whiting, et al., 1976.
34	Photoionization mass-spectrometry of HOF Berkowitz, Appelman, et al., 1973; 13.01 eV from the photoelectron spectrum Katsumata and Lloyd, 1977.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Constants of diatomic molecules, NIST Free Links, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Neumark, Lykke, et al., 1985
Neumark, D.M.; Lykke, K.R.; Andersen, T.; Lineberger, W.C., Laser photodetachment measurement of the electron affinity of atomic oxygen, Phys. Rev. A:, 1985, 32, 1890. [all data]

Deyerl and Continetti, 2005
Deyerl, H.J.; Continetti, R.E., Photoelectron-photofragment coincidence study of OHF-: transition state dynamics of the reaction OH+F - O+HF, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2005, 7, 5, 855-860, https://doi.org/10.1039/b414604b . [all data]

de Koening and Nibbering, 1984
de Koening, L.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Formation of the Long-Lived H₂O^-. Ion in the Gas Phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 25, 7971, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00337a054 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Smith, Kim, et al., 1997
Smith, J.R.; Kim, J.B.; Lineberger, W.C., High-resolution Threshold Photodetachment Spectroscopy of OH-, Phys. Rev. A, 1997, 55, 3, 2036, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.55.2036 . [all data]

Schulz, Mead, et al., 1982
Schulz, P.A.; Mead, R.D.; Jones, P.L.; Lineberger, W.C., OH- and OD- threshold photodetachment, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 1153. [all data]

Celotta, Bennett, et al., 1974
Celotta, R.S.; Bennett, R.A.; Hall, J.L., Laser Photodetachment Determination of the Electron Affinities of OH, NH₂, NH, SO₂, and S₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 5, 1740, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1681268 . [all data]

Hotop, Patterson, et al., 1974
Hotop, H.; Patterson, T.A.; Lineberger, W.C., High resolution photodetachment study of OH- and OD- in the threshold region 7000-6450 Å, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1806. [all data]

Branscomb, 1966
Branscomb, L.M., Photodetachment Cross Section, Electron Affinity, and Structure of the Negative Hydroxyl Ion, Phys. Rev., 1966, 148, 1, 11, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.148.11 . [all data]

Tsuda and Hamill, 1964
Tsuda, S.; Hamill, W.H., Ionization Efficiency Measurements by the Retarding Potential Difference Method, Adv. Mass Spectrom., 1964, 3, 249. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

Page and Goode, 1969
Page, F.M.; Goode, G.C., Negative Ions and the Magnetron., Wiley, NY, 1969. [all data]

Wiedmann, Tonkyn, et al., 1992
Wiedmann, R.T.; Tonkyn, R.G.; White, M.G.; Wang, K.; McKoy, V., Rotationally resolved threshold photoelectron spectra of OH and OD, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 97, 768. [all data]

Van Lonkhuyzen and De Lange, 1984
Van Lonkhuyzen, H.; De Lange, C.A., U. V. photoelectron spectroscopy of OH and OD radicals, Mol. Phys., 1984, 51, 551. [all data]

Berkowitz, Appelman, et al., 1973
Berkowitz, J.; Appelman, E.H.; Chupka, W.A., Photoionization of HOF with mass analysis, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 1950. [all data]

Uy, Srivastava, et al., 1971
Uy, O.M.; Srivastava, R.D.; Farber, M., Mass spectrometric determination of the heats of formation of gaseous BO₂ BOF₂, High Temp. Sci., 1971, 3, 462. [all data]

Dibeler, Walker, et al., 1966
Dibeler, V.H.; Walker, J.A.; Rosenstock, H.M., Mass spectrometric study of photoionization. V.Water and ammonia, J.Res. NBS, 1966, 70A, 459. [all data]

Foner and Hudson, 1956
Foner, S.N.; Hudson, R.L., Ionization potential of the OH free radical by mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1956, 25, 602. [all data]

Katsumata and Lloyd, 1977
Katsumata, S.; Lloyd, D.R., The photoelectron spectra of the OH and OD radicals, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1977, 45, 519. [all data]

Easson and Pryce, 1973
Easson, I.; Pryce, M.H.L., Calculated potential energy curves of OH, Can. J. Phys., 1973, 51, 518. [all data]

Stevens, Das, et al., 1974
Stevens, W.J.; Das, G.; Wahl, A.C.; Krauss, M.; Neumann, D., Study of the ground state potential curve and dipole moment of OH by the method of optimized valence configurations, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 3686. [all data]

Chu, Yoshimine, et al., 1974
Chu, S.-I.; Yoshimine, M.; Liu, B., Ab initio study of the X²«PI» and A²«SIGMA»⁺ states of OH. I. Potential curves and properties, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 5389. [all data]

Meyer and Rosmus, 1975
Meyer, W.; Rosmus, P., PNO-Cl and CEPA studies of electron correlation effects. III. Spectroscopic constants and dipole moment functions for the ground states of the first-row and second-row diatomic hydrides, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 2356. [all data]

Michel, 1957
Michel, A., Das C²«SIGMA»⁺ --> A²«SIGMA»⁺-Bandensystem von OH, Z. Naturforsch. A, 1957, 12, 887. [all data]

Felenbok, 1963
Felenbok, P., Contribution a l'etude du spectre moleculaire des radicaux OH et OD, Ann. Astrophys., 1963, 26, 393. [all data]

Douglas, 1974
Douglas, A.E., Absorption of OH in the 1200 Å region, Can. J. Phys., 1974, 52, 318. [all data]

Barrow, 1956
Barrow, R.F., The B²«SIGMA»⁺-A²«SIGMA»⁺ band-systems of OH and OD, Ark. Fys., 1956, 11, 281. [all data]

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Dieke; Crosswhite, Bumblebee Series, Johns Hopkins University (reference not verified), Rpt. No. 87, 1948, 1. [all data]

Stoebner and Delbourgo, 1967
Stoebner, A.; Delbourgo, R., Contribution a l'etude spectrographique de la sequence 0=2 de la transition A²«SIGMA»⁺ - X²«PI» du radical OH, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1967, 64, 1115. [all data]

Evenson, Wells, et al., 1970
Evenson, K.M.; Wells, J.S.; Radford, H.E., Infrared resonance of OH with the H₂O laser: a galactic maser pump?, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1970, 25, 199. [all data]

Mizushima, 1972
Mizushima, M., Molecular parameters of OH free radical, Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1972, 5, 143. [all data]

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Allen, H.C., Jr.; Blaine, L.R.; Plyler, E.K., The emission spectrum of OH from 2-8 to 4-1 «mu», Spectrochim. Acta, 1957, 9, 126. [all data]

Charters and Polanyi, 1960
Charters, P.E.; Polanyi, J.C., An improved technique for the observation of infrared chemiluminescence: resolved infrared emission of OH arising from the system H + O₂, Can. J. Chem., 1960, 38, 1742. [all data]

Maillard, Chauville, et al., 1976
Maillard, J.P.; Chauville, J.; Mantz, A.W., High-resolution emission spectrum of OH in an oxyacetylene flame from 3.7 to 0.9 «mu»m, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1976, 63, 120. [all data]

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Benedict, W.S.; Plyler, E.K.; Humphreys, C.J., The emission spectrum of OH from 1.4 to 1.7 «mu», J. Chem. Phys., 1953, 21, 398. [all data]

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Bass, A.M.; Garvin, D., Analysis of the hydroxyl radical vibration rotation spectrum between 3900 Å and 11500 Å, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1962, 9, 114. [all data]

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Gaydon, A.G.; Wolfhard, H.G., Predissociation in the spectrum of OH; the vibrational and rotational intensity distribution in flames, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1951, 208, 63. [all data]

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Broida, H.P.; Kane, W.R., Rotational intensity distributions of OH and OD in an electrodeless discharge through water vapor, Phys. Rev., 1953, 89, 1053. [all data]

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Naegeli, D.W.; Palmer, H.B., Predissociation in the chemiluminescent emission spectrum of OH, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1967, 23, 44. [all data]

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Charton, M.; Gaydon, A.G., Excitation of spectra of OH in hydrogen flames and its relation to excess concentrations of free atoms, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1958, 245, 84. [all data]

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Michels, H.H.; Harris, F.E., Predissociation effects in the A²«SIGMA»⁺ state of the OH radical, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1969, 3, 441. [all data]

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Durmaz and Murrell, 1971
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Julienne, Krauss, et al., 1971
Julienne, P.S.; Krauss, M.; Donn, B., Formation of OH through inverse predissociation, Astrophys. J., 1971, 170, 65. [all data]

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Czarny, J.; Felenbok, P., Etude a tres haute resolution de la transition B²«SIGMA»⁺ --> A²«SIGMA»⁺ de OH et OD a l'aide d'une source haute frequence mise au point a cet effet, Ann. Astrophys., 1968, 31, 141. [all data]

Scarl and Dalby, 1971
Scarl, E.A.; Dalby, F.W., High-field Stark effects on the near ultraviolet spectrum of the hydroxyl radical, Can. J. Phys., 1971, 49, 2825. [all data]

Hogan and Davis, 1974
Hogan, P.; Davis, D.D., OH lifetime measurements of several K levels in the v' = 1 manifold of the A²«SIGMA»⁺ electronic state: excitation via A tunable UV laser, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1974, 29, 555. [all data]

Becker and Haaks, 1973
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Becker, Haaks, et al., 1974
Becker, K.H.; Haaks, D.; Tatarczyk, T., The natural lifetime of OH (²«SIGMA»⁺, v=0, N=2, J=3/2) and its quenching by atomic hydrogen, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1974, 25, 564. [all data]

Brophy, Silver, et al., 1974
Brophy, J.H.; Silver, J.A.; Kinsey, J.L., Direct measurement of the radiative lifetime of the A²«SIGMA»⁺(v' = 0, K' = 1, J' = 3/2) state of OH and OD, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1974, 28, 418. [all data]

Bennett and Dalby, 1964
Bennett, R.G.; Dalby, F.W., Experimental determination of the oscillator strength of the violet system of OH, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 40, 1414. [all data]

de Zafra, Marshall, et al., 1971
de Zafra, R.L.; Marshall, A.; Metcalf, H., Measurement of lifetime and g factors by level crossing and optical double resonance in the OH and OD free radicals, Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1971, 3, 1557. [all data]

German, Bergeman, et al., 1973
German, K.R.; Bergeman, T.H.; Weinstock, E.M.; Zare, R.N., Zero-field level crossing and optical radio-frequency double resonance studies of the A²«SIGMA»⁺ states of OH and OD, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 4304. [all data]

Rouse and Engleman, 1973
Rouse, P.E.; Engleman, R., Jr., Oscillator strengths from line absorption in a high-temperature furnace. I. The (0,0) and (1,0) bands of the A²«SIGMA»⁺-X²«PI»_i transition in OH and OD, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1973, 13, 1503. [all data]

Golden, Del Greco, et al., 1963
Golden, D.M.; Del Greco, F.P.; Kaufman, F., Experimental oscillator strength of OH, ²«SIGMA»⁺ --> ²«PI», by a chemical method, J. Chem. Phys., 1963, 39, 3034. [all data]

Anketell and Pery-Thorne, 1967
Anketell, J.; Pery-Thorne, A., Oscillator strengths in the ²«SIGMA»⁺-²«PI» band system of OH by the hook method, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1967, 301, 343. [all data]

Krishnamachari and Broida, 1961
Krishnamachari, S.L.N.G.; Broida, H.P., Effect of molecular oxygen on the emission spectra of atomic oxygen-acetylene flames, J. Chem. Phys., 1961, 34, 1709. [all data]

Bonhoeffer and Reichardt, 1928
Bonhoeffer, K.F.; Reichardt, H., Zerfall von erhitztem wasserdampf in wasserstoff und freies hydroxyl, Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. A, 1928, 139, 75. [all data]

Oldenberg, 1935
Oldenberg, O., The lifetime of free hydroxyl, J. Chem. Phys., 1935, 3, 266. [all data]

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Gaydon, A.G.; Spokes, G.N.; Suchtelen, J.V., Absorption spectra of low-pressure flames, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1960, 256, 323. [all data]

Basco and Norrish, 1961
Basco, N.; Norrish, R.G.W., The production of vibrationally excited hydroxyl radicals under isothermal conditions by flash photolysis, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1961, 260, 293. [all data]

Black and Porter, 1962
Black, G.; Porter, G., Vacuum ultra-violet flash photolysis of water vapour, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1962, 266, 185. [all data]

Horne and Norrish, 1967
Horne, D.G.; Norrish, R.G.W., Rate of H-abstraction by OH from hydrocarbons, Nature (London), 1967, 215, 1373. [all data]

Moore and Broida, 1959
Moore, C.E.; Broida, H.P., OH in the solar spectrum, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 1959, 63, 279. [all data]

Tinti, 1968
Tinti, D.S., Absorption and emission spectra of OH and OD in solid Ne. Evidence for rotation, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 1459. [all data]

Bass and Broida, 1953
Bass, A.M.; Broida, H.P., A spectrophotometric atlas of the ²«SIGMA»⁺-²«PI» transition of OH, National Bureau of Standards Circular 541, Washington, D.C., 1953, 1. [all data]

Engleman, 1972
Engleman, R., Jr., Accurate wavenumbers of the A²«SIGMA» --> X²«PI» (0, 0) and (1, 0) bands of OH and OD, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1972, 12, 1347. [all data]

Nanes and Robinson, 1971
Nanes, R.; Robinson, D.W., Magnetic rotation spectra of the A²«SIGMA»⁺-X²«PI»_i transition of OH and OD, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 55, 963. [all data]

Nicholls, 1956
Nicholls, R.W., The interpretation of intensity distributions in the CN violet, C₂ Swan, OH violet and O₂ Schumann-Runge band systems by use of their r-Centroids and Franck-Condon factors, Proc. Phys. Soc. London Sect. A, 1956, 69, 741. [all data]

Nicholls, Fraser, et al., 1959
Nicholls, R.W.; Fraser, P.A.; Jarmain, W.R., Transition probability parameters of molecular spectra arising from combustion processes, Combust. Flame, 1959, 3, 13. [all data]

Crosley and Lengel, 1975
Crosley, D.R.; Lengel, R.K., Relative transition probabilities and the electronic transition moment in the A-X system of OH, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1975, 15, 579. [all data]

Learner, 1962
Learner, R.C.M., The influence of vibration-rotation interaction on intensities in the electronic spectra of diatomic molecules. I. The hydroxyl radical, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1962, 269, 311. [all data]

Meinel, 1967
Meinel, H., Spektroskopischer Nachweis zweier OH-Gruppen bei nichtthermischer Anregugn, Z. Naturforsch. A, 1967, 22, 977. [all data]

Anketell and Learner, 1967
Anketell, J.; Learner, R.C.M., Vibration rotation interaction in OH and the transition moment, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1967, 301, 355. [all data]

Veseth, 1971
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Meinel, 1950
Meinel, A.B., OH emission bands in the spectrum of the night sky. I., Astrophys. J., 1950, 111, 555. [all data]

Jones, 1955
Jones, A.V., Infra-red spectrum of the night sky near 10000 A, Nature (London), 1955, 175, 950. [all data]

Connes and Gush, 1959
Connes, M.J.; Gush, H.P., Spectroscopie du ciel nocturne dans l'infrarouge par transformation de fourier, J. Phys. Radium, 1959, 20, 915. [all data]

Kraus, 1957
Kraus, F., Uber die Anregungsbedingungen und die Intensitatsverhaltnisse der Infraroten OH-Banden, Z. Naturforsch. A, 1957, 12, 479. [all data]

Murphy, 1971
Murphy, R.E., Infrared emission of OH in the fundamental and first overtone bands, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 4852. [all data]

Acquista, Schoen, et al., 1968
Acquista, N.; Schoen, L.J.; Lide, D.R., Jr., Infrared spectrum of the matrix-isolated OH radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 1534. [all data]

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Potter, Coltharp, et al., 1971
Potter, A.E., Jr.; Coltharp, R.N.; Worley, S.D., Mean radiative lifetime of vibrationally excited (v=9) hydroxyl. Rate of the reaction of vibrationally excited hydroxyl (v=9) with ozone, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 992. [all data]

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Ferguson, A.F.; Parkinson, D., The hydroxyl bands in the nightglow, Planet. Space Sci., 1963, 11, 149. [all data]

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Cashion, K., A method for calculating vibrational transition probabilities, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1963, 10, 182. [all data]

Ehrenstein, Townes, et al., 1959
Ehrenstein, G.; Townes, C.H.; Stevenson, M.J., Ground state «LAMBDA»-doubling transitions of OH radical, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1959, 3, 40. [all data]

Radford, 1964
Radford, H.E., 18-cm Spectrum of OH, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1964, 13, 534. [all data]

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ter Meulen, J.J.; Dymanus, A., Beam-maser measurements of the ground-state transition frequencies of OH, Astrophys. J., 1972, 172, 21. [all data]

Turner, 1966
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Valtz and Soglasnova, 1973
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Powell and Lide, 1965
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Barrett, 1967
Barrett, A.H., Radio observations of interstellar hydroxyl radicals, Science, 1967, 157, 881. [all data]

Robinson and McGee, 1967
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Cook, 1969
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Carrington and Lucas, 1970
Carrington, A.; Lucas, J.D., Electron resonance of gaseous diatomic hydrides. I. ¹⁷O hyperfine and quadrupole interactions in OH and OD, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1970, 314, 567. [all data]

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Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  fH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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