Acridine

• Formula: C₁₃H₉N
• Molecular weight: 179.2173
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C13H9N/c1-3-7-12-10(5-1)9-11-6-2-4-8-13(11)14-12/h1-9H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 260-94-6
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Acrydine; Benzo[b]quinoline; Dibenzo[b,e]pyridine; 10-Azaanthracene; 2,3-Benzoquinoline; 9-Azaanthracene; Akridin; UN 2713; NSC 3408; Acridine (Carbamazepine M)
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 +  =

By formula: H₂ + C₁₃H₉N = C₁₃H₁₁N

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to C₁₃H₉N⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

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Additional Data

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Steele, Chirico, et al., 1989
Steele, W.V.; Chirico, R.D.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Nguyen, A.; Smith, N.K.; Gammon, B.E., The thermodynamic properties of the five benzoquinolines, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1989, 21, 81-107. [all data]

Willis, 1947
Willis, J.B., The heats of combustion of some organic bases and their salts. The resonance energies of acridine and phenazine, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1947, 43, 97-102. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Steele, Chirico, et al., 1988
Steele, W.V.; Chirico, R.D.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Nguyen, A., The thermodynamic properties of the five benzoquinolines, NIPER Report, 1988, 337, 59p. [all data]

Steele, Chirico, et al., 1986
Steele, W.V.; Chirico, R.D.; Collier, W.B.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Nguyen, A.; Strube, M.M., Thermochemical and thermophysical properties of organic nitrogen compounds found in fossil materials, NIPER Report, 1986, 188, 112p. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Steele, Chirico, et al., 1989, 2
Steele, W.V.; Chirico, R.D.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Nguyen, A.; Smith, N.K.; Gammon, B.E., The thermodynamic properties of the five benzoquinolines, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1989, 21, 81. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Sivaraman and Kobayashi, 1983
Sivaraman, Alwarappa; Kobayashi, Riki, Vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization of thianthrene, acridine, and 9-methylanthracene at elevated temperatures, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1983, 15, 12, 1127-1135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(83)90003-4 . [all data]

Lebedev, Chironov, et al., 1998
Lebedev, V.P.; Chironov, V.V.; Vorob'eva, V.P.; Matyushin, Yu.N., Energy of the dissociation of the bond N-NO in methylnitrosohydrazine, Khim. Fiz., 1998, 17, 9, 54. [all data]

Sabbah, Tabet, et al., 1994
Sabbah, R.; Tabet, D.; Belaadi, S., Etude thermodynamique de l'acridine, Thermochim. Acta, 1994, 247, 201-207. [all data]

McEachern, Sandoval, et al., 1975
McEachern, D.M.; Sandoval, O.; Iniguez, J.C., Vapor pressures, derived enthalpies of sublimation, enthalpies of fusion, and resonance energies of acridine and phenazine, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 299-306. [all data]

Jackman and Packham, 1957
Jackman, L.M.; Packham, D.I., The experimental resonance energy of acridine, Proc. Chem. Soc., London, 1957, 349-350. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Kokubo, Ando, et al., 2004
Kokubo, S.; Ando, N.; Koyasu, K.; Mitsui, M.; Nakajima, A., Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy of acridine molecular anion and its monohydrate, J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 121, 22, 11112-11117, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1818132 . [all data]

Dillow and Kebarle, 1989
Dillow, G.W.; Kebarle, P., Electron Affinities of aza-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Can. J. Chem., 1989, 67, 10, 1628, https://doi.org/10.1139/v89-249 . [all data]

Kebarle and Chowdhury, 1987
Kebarle, P.; Chowdhury, S., Electron affinities and electron transfer reactions, Chem. Rev., 1987, 87, 513. [all data]

Slifkin and Allison, 1967
Slifkin, M.A.; Allison, A.C., Measurement of ionization potentials from contact charge transfer spectra, Nature, 1967, 215, 949. [all data]

Farrell and Newton, 1966
Farrell, P.G.; Newton, J., Ionization potentials of primary aromatic amines and aza-hydrocarbons, Tetrahedron Lett., 1966, 5517. [all data]

Kinoshita, 1962
Kinoshita, M., The absorption spectra of the molecular complexes of aromatic compounds with p-bromanil, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1962, 35, 1609. [all data]

Terenin, 1961
Terenin, A., Charge transfer in organic solids, induced by light, Proc. Chem. Soc., London, 1961, 321. [all data]

Maier, Muller, et al., 1975
Maier, J.P.; Muller, J.-F.; Kubota, T.; Yamakawa, M., 183. Ionisation energies and the electronic structures of the N-oxides of azanaphthalenes and azaanthracenes, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1975, 58, 1641. [all data]

Jongsma, Vermeer, et al., 1975
Jongsma, C.; Vermeer, H.; Bickelhaupt, F.; Schafer, W.; Schweig, A., 10-methyl-9-phosphaanthracene, Tetrahedron, 1975, 31, 2931. [all data]

Hush, Cheung, et al., 1975
Hush, N.S.; Cheung, A.S.; Hilton, P.R., Binding energies of π- and "lone pair"-levels in mono- and diaza-phenanthrenes and anthracenes: an He(I) photoelectron spectroscopic study, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 7, 385. [all data]

Zanker and Schmid, 1957
Zanker, V.; Schmid, W., Die tieftemperaturspektren der basen und kationen des pyridins, chinolins, acridins, 2.3-benzacridins und vorhersage der bandenlagen fur das 2.3;6.7-dibenzacridin, Chem. Ber., 1957, 90, 2253-2265. [all data]

Maurer, 1990
Maurer, H.H., Detection of anticonvulsants and their metabolites in urine within a general unknown analysis procedure using computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Arch. Toxicol., 1990, 64, 7, 554-561, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01971834 . [all data]

Rostad and Pereira, 1986
Rostad, C.E.; Pereira, W.E., Kovats and Lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 6, 328-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090603 . [all data]

Beernaert, 1979
Beernaert, H., Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Polyclylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 173, 1, 109-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80450-7 . [all data]

Yasuhara, Shiraishi, et al., 1997
Yasuhara, A.; Shiraishi, H.; Nishikawa, M.; Yamamoto, T.; Uehiro, T.; Nakasugi, O.; Okumura, T.; Kenmotsu, K.; Fukui, H.; Nagase, M.; Ono, Y.; Kawagoshi, Y.; Baba, K.; Noma, Y., Determination of organic components in leachates from hazardous waste disposal sites in Japan by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 774, 1-2, 321-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00078-2 . [all data]

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Geldon, A.L., Ground Water Hydrology of the Central Raton Basin, Colorado and New Mexico, US Geological Survey, US Government Printing Office, 1989, 104. [all data]

Durlak, Biswas, et al., 1998
Durlak, S.K.; Biswas, P.; Shi, J.; Bernhard, M.J., Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon particulate and gaseous emissions from polystyrene combustion, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1998, 32, 15, 2301-2307, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9709031 . [all data]

Hasegawa, Usami, et al., 1990
Hasegawa, K.; Usami, S.; Higashide, A., Analysis of amino polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1990, 7, 777-788, https://doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1990.777 . [all data]

Blanco, Blanco, et al., 1989
Blanco, C.G.; Blanco, J.; Bermejo, J.; Guillen, M.D., Capillary gas chromatography of some polycyclic aromatic compounds on several stationary phases, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 465, 3, 378-385, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92675-5 . [all data]

Vassilaros, Kong, et al., 1982
Vassilaros, D.L.; Kong, R.C.; Later, D.W.; Lee, M.L., Linear retention index system for polycyclic aromatic compounds. Critical evaluation and additional indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 252, 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88394-1 . [all data]

Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979
Lee, M.L.; Vassilaros, D.L.; White, C.M.; Novotny, M., Retention Indices for Programmed-Temperature Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem., 1979, 51, 6, 768-773, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50042a043 . [all data]

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Guillen, M.D.; Iglesias, M.J.; Dominguez, A.; Blanco, C.G., Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon retention indices on SE-54 stationary phase of the volatile components of a coal tar pitch. Relationships between chromatographic retention and thermal reactivity, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 591, 1-2, 287-295, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80246-Q . [all data]

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Tucminen, A.; Wickstrom, K.; Pyysalo, H., Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by GLC-Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) Technique, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 8, 469-471, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090813 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Cp,solid	Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  ΔcH°solid	Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°solid	Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔsubH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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