Nitric acid

• Formula: HNO₃
• Molecular weight: 63.0128
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/HNO3/c2-1(3)4/h(H,2,3,4) Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7697-37-2
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman

Electron affinity determinations

Proton affinity at 298K

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

 +  =

By formula: NO₃^- + H⁺ = HNO₃

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + HNO₃ = (Br^- • HNO₃)

Free energy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Br^- • HNO₃) + HNO₃ = (Br^- • 2HNO₃)

(HO₄S^- • ) +  = (HO₄S^- • 2)

By formula: (HO₄S^- • HNO₃) + HNO₃ = (HO₄S^- • 2HNO₃)

Free energy of reaction

(HO₄S^- • 2) +  = (HO₄S^- •  • 2)

By formula: (HO₄S^- • 2H₂O₄S) + HNO₃ = (HO₄S^- • HNO₃ • 2H₂O₄S)

Free energy of reaction

(HO₄S^- • 3) +  = (HO₄S^- •  • 3)

By formula: (HO₄S^- • 3H₂O₄S) + HNO₃ = (HO₄S^- • HNO₃ • 3H₂O₄S)

Free energy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (NO₃^- • HBr) + HNO₃ = (NO₃^- • HNO₃ • HBr)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: NO₃^- + HNO₃ = (NO₃^- • HNO₃)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (NO₃^- • HNO₃) + HNO₃ = (NO₃^- • 2HNO₃)

Free energy of reaction

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (NO₃^- • 2HNO₃) + HNO₃ = (NO₃^- • 3HNO₃)

Free energy of reaction

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (NO₃^- • 3HNO₃) + HNO₃ = (NO₃^- • 4HNO₃)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (NO₃^- • 4HNO₃) + HNO₃ = (NO₃^- • 5HNO₃)

( • 5) +  = ( • 6)

By formula: (NO₃^- • 5HNO₃) + HNO₃ = (NO₃^- • 6HNO₃)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + HNO₃ = (Na⁺ • HNO₃)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Mathur, Rothe, et al., 1976
Mathur, B.P.; Rothe, E.W.; Tang, S.Y.; Mahajan, K.; Reck, G.P., Negative gaseous ions from nitric acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 1247. [all data]

Paulson and Dale, 1982
Paulson, J.F.; Dale, J., Reactions of OH^-.H₂O with NO₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 4006. [all data]

Bernardi, Cacace, et al., 1998
Bernardi, F.; Cacace, F.; de Petris, G.; Pepi, F.; Rossi, I., Gaseous [N2O5]H+, [N2O4]H+, and related species from the addition of NO2+ and NO+ ions to nitric acid and its derivatives, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1998, 102, 1987. [all data]

Lloyd, Roberts, et al., 1975
Lloyd, D.R.; Roberts, P.J.; Hillier, I.H., Electronic structure of nitric acid studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and molecular orbital calculation, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1975, 71, 496. [all data]

Frost, Lee, et al., 1975
Frost, D.C.; Lee, S.T.; McDowell, C.A.; Westwood, N.P.C., Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of some nitrosyl and nitryl halides nitric acid, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 7, 331. [all data]

Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C., Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]

Ames and Turner, 1976
Ames, D.L.; Turner, D.W., Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of dinitrogen tetroxide and dinitrogen pentoxide, Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1976, 348, 175. [all data]

Jochims, Denzer, et al., 1992
Jochims, H.-W.; Denzer, W.; Baumgartel, H.; Losking, O.; Willner, H., Photochemical decay reactions of N₂O₅, HNO₃, ClNO₃ and BrNO₃ in the energy range 10-20 eV, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 573. [all data]

Davidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977
Davidson, J.A.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Howard, C.J., The heats of formation of NO₃- and NO₃- association complexes with HNO₃ and HBr, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1977, 9, 17. [all data]

Refaey and Franklin, 1976
Refaey, K.M.A.; Franklin, J.L., Endoergic ion-molecule-collision processes of negative ions. V. Collision of I- on HNO₃. The electron affinity of NO₃, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 4810. [all data]

Ferguson, Dunkin, et al., 1972
Ferguson, E.E.; Dunkin, D.B.; Fehsenfeld, F.C., Reactions of NO₂^- and NO₃^- with HCl and HBr, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 1459. [all data]

Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1971
Berkowitz, J.; Chupka, W.A.; Gutman, D., Electron Affinities of O₂, O₃, NO, NO₂, and NO₃ by Endothermic Charge Transfer, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 55, 6, 2733, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1676488 . [all data]

Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982
Arnold, F.; Viggiano, A.A.; Schlager, H., Implications for Trace Gases and Aerosols of Large Negative Ions Clusters in the Stratosphere, Nature, 1982, 297, 5865, 371, https://doi.org/10.1038/297371a0 . [all data]

Wlodek, Luczynski, et al., 1980
Wlodek, S.; Luczynski, Z.; Wincel, H., Stabilities of gas-phase NO₃-.(HNO₃)n,n ≤ 6, clusters, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1980, 35, 39. [all data]

Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980
Lee, N.; Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., The properties of clusters in the gas phase. IV. Complexes of H₂O and HNO_x clustering on NO_x-, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 72, 1089. [all data]

Arnold and Qiu, 1984
Arnold, F.; Qiu, S., Upper Stratosphere Negative Ion Composition Measurements and Infrared Trace Gas Abundances, Planet. Space Sci., 1984, 32, 2, 169, https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(84)90151-X . [all data]

Fehsenfeld, Howard, et al., 1975
Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Howard, C.J.; Schmeltkopf, A.L., Gas Phase Ion Chemistry of HNO3, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 7, 2835, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.431722 . [all data]

Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980
Perry, R.A.; Rowe, B.R.; Viggiano, A.A.; Albritton, D.L.; Ferguson, E.E.; Fehsenfeld, F.C., Laboratory Measurements of Stratospheric Sodium Ion Measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1980, 7, 9, 693, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i009p00693 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  EA	Electron affinity
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  T	Temperature
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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