Phenol

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C6H6O+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)8.49 ± 0.02eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)817.3kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity786.3kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
8.508 ± 0.001PILipert and Colson, 1990LL
8.506 ± 0.001PIFuke, Yoshiuchi, et al., 1984LBLHLM
8.49PEFuke, Yoshiuchi, et al., 1984LBLHLM
8. ± 0.PIPECOFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1984LBLHLM
~8.21PEKlasinc, Kovac, et al., 1983LBLHLM
8.55PEBehan, Johnstone, et al., 1976LLK
8.47 ± 0.02PEMaier and Turner, 1973LLK
9.1 ± 0.1EIHenion and Kingston, 1973LLK
8.37PEDebies and Rabalais, 1973LLK
8.50EICooks, Bertrand, et al., 1973LLK
8.69EIJohnstone, Mellon, et al., 1971LLK
8.48 ± 0.05PEEland, 1969RDSH
8.52PEDewar and Worley, 1969RDSH
8.50 ± 0.01PIWatanabe, 1957RDSH
8.52 ± 0.02PIVilesov and Terenin, 1957RDSH
8.75PEBallard, Jones, et al., 1987Vertical value; LBLHLM
8.61PEKlasinc, Kovac, et al., 1983Vertical value; LBLHLM
8.70PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981Vertical value; LLK
8.56PEPalmer, Moyes, et al., 1979Vertical value; LLK
8.69PEKobayashi, 1978Vertical value; LLK
8.73PEKobayashi and Nagakura, 1974Vertical value; LLK
8.67PEDewar, Ernstbrunner, et al., 1974Vertical value; LLK
8.56PEDebies and Rabalais, 1973Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C5H5+12.96 ± 0.10CO+HDERFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1984LBLHLM
C5H5+14.2 ± 0.2CO+HEITajima and Tsuchiya, 1973LLK
C5H5+14.25CO+HEIOccolowitz and White, 1968RDSH
C5H6+11.4 ± 0.1COTRPILifshitz and Malinovich, 1984LBLHLM
C5H6+12.5 ± 0.1COEIHenion and Kingston, 1973LLK
C5H6+11.67COEIHowe and Williams, 1969RDSH
C5H6+[c-C5H6]11.59 ± 0.10COPIPECOFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1984T = 0K; LBLHLM

De-protonation reactions

phenoxide anion + Hydrogen cation = Phenol

By formula: C6H5O- + H+ = C6H6O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1462. ± 10.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1432. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; Shiner, Vorner, et al., 1986: tautomer acidities ΔHacid(ortho) = 343.9±3.1 kcal, para = 340.1±2 kcal. However, Capponi, Gut, et al., 1999 based on aq. soln. results, imply 18 and 14 kcal/mol difference.; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1426. ± 7.9kJ/molCIDCAngel and Ervin, 2004gas phase; B
Δr1437. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRECumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B
Δr>1429. ± 7.5kJ/molH-TSRichardson, Stephenson, et al., 1975gas phase; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Bromine anion + Phenol = (Bromine anion • Phenol)

By formula: Br- + C6H6O = (Br- • C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr87.0 ± 7.5kJ/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; ΔGaff at 423 K; B,M
Δr82.0kJ/molPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.J/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr96.J/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr46.4 ± 4.2kJ/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; ΔGaff at 423 K; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
46.4423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1991gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
46.4423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

MeCO2 anion + Phenol = (MeCO2 anion • Phenol)

By formula: C2H3O2- + C6H6O = (C2H3O2- • C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr109. ± 4.2kJ/molN/AMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr79.1 ± 6.7kJ/molTDAsMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + Phenol = (Chlorine anion • Phenol)

By formula: Cl- + C6H6O = (Cl- • C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr109. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B,M
Δr109. ± 8.4kJ/molTDEqCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; Re-anchored to data in French, Ikuta, et al., 1982.; B
Δr115.kJ/molPHPMSKebarle, 1977gas phase; M
Δr111.kJ/molPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr81.2 ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr109.J/mol*KPHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M
Δr100.J/mol*KPHPMSKebarle, 1977gas phase; M
Δr100.J/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δr64.9J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr80.3 ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B
Δr77.4 ± 8.4kJ/molTDEqCummings, French, et al., 1977gas phase; Re-anchored to data in French, Ikuta, et al., 1982.; B
Δr61.9 ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
66.5423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Cesium ion (1+) + Phenol = (Cesium ion (1+) • Phenol)

By formula: Cs+ + C6H6O = (Cs+ • C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr66. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Cesium ion (1+) • Phenol) + Phenol = (Cesium ion (1+) • 2Phenol)

By formula: (Cs+ • C6H6O) + C6H6O = (Cs+ • 2C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr61. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Fluorine anion + Phenol = (Fluorine anion • Phenol)

By formula: F- + C6H6O = (F- • C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr173. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1983gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1983gas phase; switching reaction(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr140. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1983gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M

Iodide + Phenol = (Iodide • Phenol)

By formula: I- + C6H6O = (I- • C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr72.4 ± 7.5kJ/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; ΔGaff at 423 K; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr88.J/mol*KN/APaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr35. ± 4.2kJ/molIMREPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; ΔGaff at 423 K; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
35.423.PHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Potassium ion (1+) + Phenol = (Potassium ion (1+) • Phenol)

By formula: K+ + C6H6O = (K+ • C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr74. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Potassium ion (1+) • Phenol) + Phenol = (Potassium ion (1+) • 2Phenol)

By formula: (K+ • C6H6O) + C6H6O = (K+ • 2C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr68. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Lithium ion (1+) + Phenol = (Lithium ion (1+) • Phenol)

By formula: Li+ + C6H6O = (Li+ • C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr178. ± 17.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Lithium ion (1+) • Phenol) + Phenol = (Lithium ion (1+) • 2Phenol)

By formula: (Li+ • C6H6O) + C6H6O = (Li+ • 2C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr115. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Sodium ion (1+) + Phenol = (Sodium ion (1+) • Phenol)

By formula: Na+ + C6H6O = (Na+ • C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr102. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD
Δr98. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTArmentrout and Rodgers, 2000RCD

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
69.9298.IMREMcMahon and Ohanessian, 2000Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

(Sodium ion (1+) • Phenol) + Phenol = (Sodium ion (1+) • 2Phenol)

By formula: (Na+ • C6H6O) + C6H6O = (Na+ • 2C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr82. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Rubidium ion (1+) + Phenol = (Rubidium ion (1+) • Phenol)

By formula: Rb+ + C6H6O = (Rb+ • C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr69. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

(Rubidium ion (1+) • Phenol) + Phenol = (Rubidium ion (1+) • 2Phenol)

By formula: (Rb+ • C6H6O) + C6H6O = (Rb+ • 2C6H6O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr64. ± 3.kJ/molCIDTAmunugama and Rodgers, 2002RCD

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Mass spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1994
NIST MS number 133909

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


UV/Visible spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

UVVis spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

View spectrum image in SVG format.

Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.

Source Martynoff, 1949
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 5027
Instrument n.i.g.
Melting point 40.9
Boiling point 181.8

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-30100.950.Berezkin, Popova, et al., 199730. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He
CapillaryOV-1150.950.Zhang, Chen, et al., 199725. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-1150.950.Zhang, Chen, et al., 199725. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-1150.950.Zhang, Chen, et al., 199725. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-1160.974.Zhang, Chen, et al., 199725. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
PackedOV-101100.950.2Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
PackedOV-101110.950.7Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
PackedOV-10180.944.7Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
PackedOV-10190.945.2Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
PackedOV-101120.952.5Hassani and Meklati, 1992N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m
CapillaryHP-160.943.Zhang, Li, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryHP-160.944.Zhang, Li, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryHP-1100.952.Zhang, Li, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryHP-1100.954.Zhang, Li, et al., 1992N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillarySE-30160.929.Evans and Haken, 1989Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillarySE-30160.964.Evans and Haken, 1989Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryPS-255150.952.Engewald, Billing, et al., 198850. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm
CapillarySE-30180.953.Shakirov, Tsypysheva, et al., 1988Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillarySE-30160.964.Korhonen and Knuutinen, 1984N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillarySE-30180.924.Korhonen and Knuutinen, 1984N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillarySE-30140.943.Korhonen, 1984 
CapillarySE-30160.929.Korhonen, 1984 
CapillarySE-30180.932.Korhonen, 1984 
PackedSE-30150.965.Tiess, 1984Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-30100.926.Winskowski, 1983Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m
PackedOV-101130.951.Zygmunt, Wardencki, et al., 1983Ar, Gas-Chrom Q; Column length: 1.5 m
PackedOV-101130.954.Zygmunt, Wardencki, et al., 1983Ar, Gas-Chrom Q; Column length: 1.5 m
PackedApiezon L180.955.Vernon and Edwards, 1975N2, Celite; Column length: 1. m
CapillaryApiezon L120.966.Agr, Tesaric, et al., 1973 
CapillarySqualane120.942.Agr, Tesaric, et al., 1973 
CapillarySqualane86.933.Agr, Tesaric, et al., 1973 
PackedSE-30204.950.Mitchell and Vernon, 1972 
PackedApiezon L204.960.Mitchell and Vernon, 1972 
PackedSE-52204.961.Mitchell and Vernon, 1972 
PackedSE-30150.964.Tibor and Anna, 1971N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 2. m
PackedSE-30170.973.Tibor and Anna, 1971N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 2. m
PackedApiezon L100.923.Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m
PackedDC-200120.950.Reymond, Mueggler-Chavan, et al., 1966Celite; Column length: 4. m
PackedSE-30180.970.Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-30967.Medvedovskaya, Tikhomirova, et al., 19977. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 320. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryFFAP160.2000.Evans and Haken, 1989Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm
CapillaryFFAP160.2000.Korhonen, 1984 
CapillaryFFAP180.1971.Korhonen, 1984 
CapillaryFFAP200.1957.Korhonen, 1984 
PackedPEG-20M200.1947.0Still and Whitehead, 1977N2, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-20M200.1947.0Still and Whitehead, 1977N2, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000200.2030.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-20M170.2037.Tibor and Anna, 1971N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 2. m

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryRTX-5981.4Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP-Sil 8CB-MS992.Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-5MS981.Lalel, Singh, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 310. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-1959.6Sun and Stremple, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 325. C
CapillaryDB-5978.8Xu, van Stee, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB956.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
CapillaryDB-1961.Kim, 200160. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 220. C
CapillarySPB-Sulfur954.1de Lacy Costello, Evans, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/4. μm, 40. C @ 12.5 min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySE-54978.16Yin, Xiu, et al., 200135. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm
CapillarySE-54979.62Yin, Xiu, et al., 200135. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB977.Chevance and Farmer, 199960. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-1955.0Helmig, Klinger, et al., 199960. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, -50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 175. C
CapillarySPB-5977.Verdier-Metz., Coulon, et al., 199860. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 2. min
CapillaryDB-1954.DeMilo, Lee, et al., 199630. m/0.248 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1959.DeMilo, Lee, et al., 199630. m/0.248 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-1958.5Gautzsch and Zinn, 19968. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-1954.9Helmig, Pollock, et al., 199630. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-5979.9Helmig, Pollock, et al., 199660. m/0.33 mm/0.25 μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-1959.Coen, Engel, et al., 199530. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 150. C; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-1957.Coen, Engel, et al., 199530. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 150. C; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-1975.Gerbino and Castello, 199530. m/0.235 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 50. C @ 0. min, 10. K/min
CapillaryDB-1978.Gerbino and Castello, 199530. m/0.235 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 50. C @ 0. min, 5. K/min
CapillarySPB-1959.Lee, DeMilo, et al., 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101947.6Ferchichi and Messadi, 19944. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101965.4Ferchichi and Messadi, 19944. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1952.Kaiser and Siegl, 199460. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, -50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-1969.Wu, Kuo, et al., 199150. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillarySE-54980.8Shapi and Hesso, 199025. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 15. min
CapillarySE-54980.8Shapi and Hesso, 199025. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 15. min
CapillaryHP-1983.Tang, Zhang, et al., 199050. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryRSL-150962.Sagrero-Nieves, de Pooter, et al., 198930. m/0.53 mm/1.2 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryBP-1966.Tan, Wilkins, et al., 1989H2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 75. min; Column length: 12. m
PackedSE-30962.Peng, Ding, et al., 1988He, Supelcoport and Chromosorb, 40. C @ 4. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min; Column length: 3.05 m
CapillaryDB-5998.Rostad and Pereira, 198630. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
PackedSE-30962.Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984He, Chromosorb AW, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m
CapillarySE-30942.Korhonen and Knuutinen, 1984N2, 10. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tstart: 100. C
CapillarySE-30933.Korhonen and Knuutinen, 1984N2, 14. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tstart: 100. C
CapillarySE-30933.Korhonen and Knuutinen, 1984N2, 6. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tstart: 100. C
CapillarySE-30945.Korhonen, 198410. K/min; Tstart: 100. C
CapillarySE-30944.Korhonen, 19842. K/min; Tstart: 100. C
CapillarySE-30946.Korhonen, 19846. K/min; Tstart: 100. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5MS992.Varlet, Serot, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 70C => 5C/min => 85C(1min) => 3C/min => 165C => 10C/min => 280C(3min)
CapillaryVF-5MS1004.1Mjøs, Meier, et al., 200650. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 30C/min => 100C => 1C/min =>
CapillaryVF-5MS995.5Mjøs, Meier, et al., 200650. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 30C/min => 100C => 2C/min =>
CapillaryVF-5MS986.8Mjøs, Meier, et al., 200650. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 30C/min => 100C => 4C/min =>
CapillaryDB-5MS992.Varlet V., Knockaert C., et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 80C(1min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 280C (4min)
CapillaryDB-5MS992.Varlet V., Knockaert C., et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 80C(1min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 280C (4min)
CapillaryDB-1955.Place, Imhof, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 35C(5min) => 10C/min => 45C (5min) => 5C/min => 250C (10min)
CapillaryDB-1953.Whetstine, Parker, et al., 20033. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm, He; Program: -20C(6min) => 8C/min =60C => 6C/min => 220C(5min)
Capillary5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane980.Yasuhara, Shiraishi, et al., 199725. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => (20C/min) => 120C => (7C/min) => 310C(10min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone962.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-FFAP2008.Jarunrattanasri, Theerakulkait, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2008.Pozo-Bayon M.A., Ruiz-Rodriguez A., et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1992.Osorio, Alarcon, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101962.Chung, Fung, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 195. C @ 60. min
CapillaryStabilwax2019.Cros, Lignot, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryInnowax2028.Lee, Lee, et al., 200550. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryOV-3511956.Bonvehi and Coll, 200350. m/0.32 mm/0.2 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1987.Chyau, Ko, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 210. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryStabilwax2019.Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillarySupelcowax-102014.Chung, Yung, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
CapillaryHP-Innowax2032.Adamiec, Rossner, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryHP-Innowax2032.Adamiec, Rossner, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillarySupelcowax-102014.Chung, Yung, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2004.Kim, 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2006.Shimoda, Yoshimura, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1987.Wirth, Guo, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 60. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2000.Bureau, Baumes, et al., 200030. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 60. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-102015.Chung, 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min; Tstart: 35. C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB2000.Chevance and Farmer, 199960. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB2000.Chevance and Farmer, 1999, 260. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB2000.Chevance and Farmer, 1999, 240. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillarySupelcowax-102015.Chung, 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
CapillarySupelcowax-102015.Chung, 1999, 260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1956.Ollé, Baumes, et al., 199830. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2010.Coen, Engel, et al., 199530. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2023.76Gerbino and Castello, 199530. m/0.235 mm/0.5 μm, N2, 10. K/min; Tstart: 100. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2018.23Gerbino and Castello, 199530. m/0.235 mm/0.5 μm, N2, 5. K/min; Tstart: 100. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2024.04Gerbino and Castello, 199530. m/0.235 mm/0.5 μm, N2, 10. K/min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2015.92Gerbino and Castello, 199530. m/0.235 mm/0.5 μm, N2, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2004.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 199460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2015.Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySupelcowax-102008.Chung and Cadwallader, 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1996.Umano, Hagi, et al., 1992He, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1965.Humpf and Schreier, 199130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1978.Krammer, Winterhalter, et al., 199130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryCP-Wax 58CB1977.Pabst, Barron, et al., 199130. m/0.25 mm/0.22 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1965.Suárez, Duque, et al., 199130. m/0.259 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1973.Suárez, Duque, et al., 199130. m/0.259 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1965.Suárez, Duque, et al., 199130. m/0.259 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1973.Suárez, Duque, et al., 199130. m/0.259 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1973.Frohlich and Schreier, 199030. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1975.Schwab, Mahr, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillarySupelcowax-102012.Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 198960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillarySupelcowax-102014.Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 198960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-WAX 57CB1997.Baltes and Mevissen, 1988He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryPEG-20M1984.5Wang and Sun, 198725. m/0.26 mm/0.3 μm, 2. K/min; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryPEG-20M1983.4Wang and Sun, 198725. m/0.26 mm/0.3 μm, 2. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 200. C
PackedCarbowax 20M1967.Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984He, Supelcoport, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m
CapillaryFFAP1962.Korhonen, 198410. K/min; Tstart: 100. C
CapillaryFFAP1950.Korhonen, 19842. K/min; Tstart: 100. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryStabilwax2026.Natali N., Chinnici F., et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 3C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 240C(10min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB2015.Verzera, Ziino, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C
CapillaryDB-Wax1996.Pennarun, Prost, et al., 200330. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C => 6C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-Wax1996.Pennarun, Prost, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C => 6C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-Wax1984.Cantergiani, Brevard, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 20C(30s) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 220C (20min)
CapillarySupelcowax-102003.Baek and Cadwallader, 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C => (6C/min) => 80C(6min) => (15C/min) => 200C(10min)
CapillaryFFAP2028.Yasuhara, 198750. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 20C (5min) => 2C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 210C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1990.Whitfield, Shea, et al., 1981Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedApieson L140.956.Hedin, Minyard, et al., 1967Nitrogen, Chromosorb W HMDS (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.8 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5 MS989.Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 999930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 15. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryOptima-5 MS983.Goeminne, Vandendriessche, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryTR-1962.Gruzdev, Kuzivanov, et al., 201230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryTR-1962.Gruzdev, Kuzivanov, et al., 2012, 230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryHP-5 MS994.Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 15. min
CapillaryHP-5 MS984.Nawrath, Mgode, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 320. C
CapillaryVF-5 MS987.Leffingwell and Alford, 201160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryVF-5 MS989.Leffingwell and Alford, 201160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryHP-5981.Piyachaiseth, Jirapakkul, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-5 MS994.Majcher, Lawrowski, et al., 201025. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-5 MS978.Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 201030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 70. C
CapillaryHP-5 MS972.Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 201030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 70. C
CapillaryZB-5986.Harrison and Priest, 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 9. min
CapillaryRTX-5979.Pham, Schilling, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 20. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-5 MS968.Bozi, Czagany, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min, 300. C @ 4. min
CapillaryElite-5MS978.Tava, Pecetti, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 10. min
CapillarySPB-5983.Vasta, Ratel, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-5980.Xu, Fan, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-1951.Castel, Fernandez, et al., 200650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
CapillaryHP-1954.Castel, Fernandez, et al., 200650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-5980.Fan and Qian, 200630. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-1957.Lee, Lee, et al., 2005, 260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
CapillaryDB-1963.Lee, Lee, et al., 2005, 260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
CapillaryMDN-5980.van Loon, Linssen, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-1957.Park, Lee, et al., 200460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
CapillaryDB-1961.Park, Lee, et al., 200460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
CapillaryDB-1963.Park, Lee, et al., 200460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
CapillaryDB-1964.Park, Lee, et al., 200460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
CapillaryHP-5992.Zenkevich, Moeder, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 20. min
CapillarySPB-5974.Sebastian, Viallon-Fernandez, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryHP-5989.Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 45. C @ 2. min, 15. K/min, 280. C @ 11.4 min
CapillaryBP-1961.Hayes R.A., Richardson B.J., et al., 200225. m/0.2 mm/0.1 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 8. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryAT-1986.Kelling, 2001He, 50. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 300. C
CapillarySPB-5978.Poligné, Collignan, et al., 200160. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryBP-1951.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryUltra-2977.Quiroz, Fuentes-Contreras, et al., 199940. C @ 4. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryBPX-5986.D'Arcy, Rintoul, et al., 199750. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-1973.Lu, Yu, et al., 199760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
CapillaryDB-1951.Robacker and Bartelt, 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1981.Yu and Ho, 199560. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 60. min
CapillaryDB-1964.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-1957.Binder, Benson, et al., 19904. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB5-30W984.Schwab and Schreier, 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillarySE-54988.Harland, Cumming, et al., 1986He, 50. C @ 2. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-1954.Habu, Flath, et al., 19853. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-1948.Habu, Flath, et al., 19853. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101969.Stern, Flath, et al., 198550. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-101953.Spiteller and Spiteller, 1979He, 75. C @ 7. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Tend: 280. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5 MS982.Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySLB-5 MS982.Mondello, 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups979.Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups995.Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryRTX-5 MS987.Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (5 min) 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 300 0C
CapillaryRTX-5 MS980.Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryZB-5983.de Simon, Estruelas, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 230 0C (10 min) 10 0C/min -> 270 0C (21 min)
CapillaryNonpolar969.Staples and Zeiger, 2008Program: not specified
CapillaryNonpolar976.Staples and Zeiger, 2008Program: not specified
CapillaryNonpolar976.Staples and Zeiger, 2008Program: not specified
CapillaryNonpolar976.Staples and Zeiger, 2008Program: not specified
CapillaryNonpolar976.Staples and Zeiger, 2008Program: not specified
CapillaryNonpolar977.Staples and Zeiger, 2008Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5986.Zhao, Li, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 7 oC/min -> 160 0C 9 0C/min -> 200 0C 20 0C/min -> 280 0C (10 min)
CapillaryHP-5989.Zhao, Li, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5 MS974.Zhu, Li, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (2.8 min) 5.5 0C/min -> 140 0C (1 min) 4.5 oC/min -> 220 0C -> 225 0C (2 min) 3.4 0C/min -> 265 0C (5 min)
CapillaryDB-5 MS976.Zhu, Li, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (2.8 min) 5.5 0C/min -> 140 0C (1 min) 4.5 oC/min -> 220 0C -> 225 0C (2 min) 3.4 0C/min -> 265 0C (5 min)
CapillaryHP-5984.Dou, Li, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 110 0C (2 min) 3 0C/min -> 170 0C (2 min) 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (2 min) 10 0C/min -> 260 0C (5 min)
CapillaryOV-101952.Ebrahimi and Hadjmohammadi, 2006Program: not specified
CapillaryRTX-5980.Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: not specified
CapillaryRTX-5980.Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: not specified
CapillarySE-301002.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-5977.Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 200360. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB961.Counet, Callemien, et al., 200250. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C=3C/min => 250C(30min)
CapillaryDB-5MS973.Fu, Yoon, et al., 2002Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl phenyl siloxane (not specified)976.Poligne, Collignan, et al., 2002Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5MS995.Ansorena, Gimeno, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 120C => 10C/min => 250C (5min)
CapillaryDB-5 MS984.Luo and Agnew, 200130. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5987.Ansorena, Astiasarán, et al., 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 120C => 10C/min => 250C (5min)
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB956.Guyot, Scheirman, et al., 1999He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 30C => 55C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB962.Guyot, Bouseta, et al., 199850. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He; Program: 30C => 55C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-5985.Mateo, Aguirrezábal, et al., 199750. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C(10min)
CapillaryDB-5982.Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 199650. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
CapillaryDB-5983.Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 199650. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
CapillaryDB-1962.Peng, 199630. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (1 min) 5 0C/min -> 280 0C (20 min)
CapillaryRSL-1501002.Buchbauer, Nikiforov, et al., 199460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30c (1.5min) => 20C/min => 55C => 6C/min => 200C(10min)
CapillaryDB-1964.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1961.Hathcock and Bertsch, 1993100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm; Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54982.Um, Bailey, et al., 1992He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35 0C (5 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C 2 0C/min -> 250 0C
CapillaryDB-1961.Kawai, Ishida, et al., 199160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1964.Kawai, Ishida, et al., 199160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane, unknown content of Ph-groups973.Geldon, 1989Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane, unknown content of Ph-groups987.Geldon, 1989Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1959.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.926.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
OtherMethyl Silicone981.Ardrey and Moffat, 1981Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-FFAP2035.Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 999925. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 15. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryHP-FFAP2039.Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 999925. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 15. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryHP-FFAP2039.Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 999925. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 15. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryHP-Innowax2012.Puvipirom and Chaisei, 201215. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryAT-Wax2007.Kiss, Csoka, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryFFAP1995.Piyachaiseth, Jirapakkul, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillaryCP-Wax1989.Mo, Fan, et al., 200960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2030.Moon and Shibamoto, 200960. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 210. C @ 70. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2008.Zhao, Xu, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryInnowax2020.Kaypak and Avsar, 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
CapillaryHP-Innowax2011.Soria, Sanz, et al., 200850. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101994.Vichi, Romero, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 10. min, 8. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryStabilwax2019.Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 200760. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryRTX-Wax1993.Prososki, Etzel, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2007.Xu, Fan, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2007.Fan and Qian, 2006, 230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2007.Fan and Qian, 2006, 230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2015.Fan and Qian, 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax Etr2023.Perestrelo, Fernandes, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
CapillaryZB-Wax2035.Wierda R.L., Fletcher G., et al., 200660. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCarbowax 20M2017.de la Fuente, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200550. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 30. min
CapillaryTC-FFAP2015.Kurose and Yatagai, 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.4 μm, He, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2039.Qian and Wang, 200560. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 30. min
CapillaryPEG-20M2020.Yao, Guo, et al., 200560. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 30. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryDB-Wax1969.López, Ezpeleta, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryHP-Innowax2045.Soria, Gonzalez, et al., 200450. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, He, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
CapillaryDB-Wax2012.Yanagimoto, Ochi, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryStabilwax2019.Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003, 260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryTC-Wax2011.Miyazawa and Okuno, 2003He, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 80. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1946.Saura, LAencina, et al., 2003Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.70 mm; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2007.Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2009.Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101995.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryHP-FFAP2039.Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 200325. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 15. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryHP-FFAP2039.Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 200325. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 15. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryHP-FFAP2035.Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 200325. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 15. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1955.Fu, Yoon, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryFFAP1949.Lecanu, Ducruet, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1973.Osorio, Duque, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1984.Osorio, Duque, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryEC-10002015.Bendall, 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1951.Lee and Shibamoto, 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2005.Paniandy, Chane-Ming, et al., 200060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1950.Parada, Duque, et al., 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1989.Parada, Duque, et al., 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1983.Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 19994. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2000.Umano, Nakahara, et al., 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySupelcowax1990.Näf and Velluz, 1998He, 5. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2004.Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997He, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryPEG-20M1958.Kubota, Matsujage, et al., 199650. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 2. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryTC-Wax2028.Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 199680. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1956.Kawakami, Ganguly, et al., 199560. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1957.Kawakami, Kobayashi, et al., 1993He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1969.Hatsuko, Kazuko, et al., 1992He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1953.Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryPEG-20M1988.Kubota, Nakamoto, et al., 1991N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1996.Binder, Benson, et al., 19904. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C
CapillarySupelcowax-102014.Hsieh, Williams, et al., 198960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 175. C
CapillaryDB-Wax2004.Andersen J.F., Mikolajczak K.L., et al., 1987Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1973.Welke, Manfroi, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1978.Welke, Manfroi, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax2002.Welke, Manfroi, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-Innowax2037.Xiao, Dai, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 3 0C/min -> 150 0C 5 0C/min -> 220 0C (5 min)
CapillarySupelko CO Wax2022.Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 201060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
CapillarySupelko CO Wax2020.Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 201060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-FFAP1996.Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 250 0C
CapillaryDB-FFAP1998.Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySupelcowax-101978.de Simon, Estruelas, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 230 0C (10 min) 10 0C/min -> 270 0C (21 min)
CapillaryDB-Wax2007.Zhao, Xu, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1989.Tao, Wenlai, et al., 200830. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 20 0C/min -> 80 0C 3 0C/min -> 230 0C
CapillaryPEG 20M2004.Zhang, Zhang, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 5 0C/min -> 60 0C 6 0C/min -> 130 0C 10 0C/min -> 230 0C
CapillaryDB-Wax2007.Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C
CapillaryDB-Wax1984.Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax2000.Tian, Zhang, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 150 0C 8 0C/min -> 230 0C (15 min)
CapillarySupelcowax-102020.Vichi, Guadayol, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C(5min)
CapillaryPEG-20M2004.Zhang C., Zhang H., et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 5C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 130C => 10C/min => 230C (10min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1993.Krings, Zelena, et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1996.Lee, Lee, et al., 2005, 260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30C(4min) => 2C/min => 170C(25min) => 10C/min => 210C(10min)
CapillaryDB-Wax2000.Lee, Lee, et al., 2005, 260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30C(4min) => 2C/min => 170C(25min) => 10C/min => 210C(10min)
CapillaryHP-Innowax2014.Piasenzotto, Gracco, et al., 200330. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(4min) => 10C/min => 230C(10min) => 10C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-Wax1996.Mayorga, Knapp, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C(4min) => 4C/min => 130C => 1C/min => 190C => 4C/min => 220C(20min)
CapillaryDB-Wax2009.Mayorga, Knapp, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C(4min) => 4C/min => 130C => 1C/min => 190C => 4C/min => 220C(20min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1979.Caldentey, Daria Fumi, et al., 199830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 25C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C
CapillaryDB-FFAP1995.Lizárraga-Guerra, Guth, et al., 1997He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35C => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-Wax1954.Peng, 199630. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 4 0C/min -> 200 0C (20 min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1955.Hatsuko, Kazuko, et al., 1992He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1954.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991, 2Program: not specified
CapillarySuperox 0.6; Carbowax 20M1961.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.1967.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5151.4Wang, Hou, et al., 200730. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
CapillaryHP-5151.6Shao, Wang, et al., 200630. m/0.3 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
CapillaryDB-5156.32Williams and Horne, 1995He, 60. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tend: 270. C
CapillaryDB-5154.7Donnelly, Abdel-Hamid, et al., 199330. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 285. C @ 29.5 min
CapillaryDB-5156.32Rostad and Pereira, 198630. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min

Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5152.2Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007Column length: 60. m; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5MS150.4Aracil, Font, et al., 2005Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone156.32Eckel, Ross, et al., 1993Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone158.08Eckel, Ross, et al., 1993Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Lipert and Colson, 1990
Lipert, R.J.; Colson, S.D., Accurate ionization potentials of phenol and phenol-(H2O) from the electric field dependence of the pump-probe photoionization threshold, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 3240. [all data]

Fuke, Yoshiuchi, et al., 1984
Fuke, K.; Yoshiuchi, H.; Kaya, K.; Achiba, Y.; Sato, K.; Kimura, K., Multiphoton ionization photoelectron spectroscopy and two-color multiphoton ionization threshold spectroscopy on the hydrogen bonded phenol and 7-azaindole in a supersonic jet, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1984, 108, 179. [all data]

Fraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1984
Fraser-Monteiro, M.L.; Fraser-Monteiro, L.; de Wit, J.; Baer, T., Dissociation dynamics of energy-selected phenol ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 3622. [all data]

Klasinc, Kovac, et al., 1983
Klasinc, L.; Kovac, B.; Gusten, H., Photoelectron spectra of acenes. Electronic structure and substituent effects, Pure Appl. Chem., 1983, 55, 289. [all data]

Behan, Johnstone, et al., 1976
Behan, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A.W.; Bentley, T.W., An evaluation of empirical methods for calculating the ionization potentials of substituted benzenes, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1976, 11, 207. [all data]

Maier and Turner, 1973
Maier, J.P.; Turner, D.W., Steric inhibition of resonance studied by molecular photoelectron spectroscopy Part 3. Anilines, Phenols and Related Compounds, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1973, 69, 521. [all data]

Henion and Kingston, 1973
Henion, J.D.; Kingston, D.G.I., Mass spectrometry of organic compounds. VII. Energetics of substituent isomerization in diphenyl sulfide and diphenyl ether, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 8358. [all data]

Debies and Rabalais, 1973
Debies, T.P.; Rabalais, J.W., Photoelectron spectra of substituted benzenes. II. Seven valence electron substituents, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 1, 355. [all data]

Cooks, Bertrand, et al., 1973
Cooks, R.G.; Bertrand, M.; Beynon, J.H.; Rennekamp, M.E.; Setser, D.W., Energy partitioning data as an ion structure probe. Substituted anisoles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 1732. [all data]

Johnstone, Mellon, et al., 1971
Johnstone, R.A.W.; Mellon, F.A.; Ward, S.D., On-line computer methods used in conjunction with the measurement of ionization appearance potentials, Adv. Mass Spectrom., 1971, 5, 334. [all data]

Eland, 1969
Eland, J.H.D., Photoelectron spectra of conjugated hydrocarbons and heteromolecules, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 471. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Vilesov and Terenin, 1957
Vilesov, F.I.; Terenin, A.N., The photoionization of the vapors of certain organic compounds, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1957, 115, 744, In original 539. [all data]

Ballard, Jones, et al., 1987
Ballard, R.E.; Jones, J.; Read, D.; Inchley, A.; Cranmer, M., He(I) photoelectron studies of liquids and gases, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1987, 137, 125. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Palmer, Moyes, et al., 1979
Palmer, M.H.; Moyes, W.; Speirs, M.; Ridyard, J.N.A., The electronic structure of substituted benzenes; ab initio calculations and photoelectron spectra for phenol, the methyl- and fluoro-derivatives, and the dihydroxybenzenes, J. Mol. Struct., 1979, 52, 293. [all data]

Kobayashi, 1978
Kobayashi, T., A simple general tendency in photoelectron angular distributions of some monosubstituted benzenes, Phys. Lett., 1978, 69, 105. [all data]

Kobayashi and Nagakura, 1974
Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra of substituted benzenes, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1974, 47, 2563. [all data]

Dewar, Ernstbrunner, et al., 1974
Dewar, P.S.; Ernstbrunner, E.; Gilmore, J.R.; Godfrey, M.; Mellor, J.M., Conformational analysis of alkyl aryl ethers and alkyl aryl sulphides by photoelectron spectroscopy, Tetrahedron, 1974, 30, 2455. [all data]

Tajima and Tsuchiya, 1973
Tajima, S.; Tsuchiya, T., Energetics consideration of C5H5+ ions produced from various precursors by electron impact, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 3291. [all data]

Occolowitz and White, 1968
Occolowitz, J.L.; White, G.L., Energetic considerations in the assignment of some fragment ion structures, Australian J. Chem., 1968, 21, 997. [all data]

Lifshitz and Malinovich, 1984
Lifshitz, C.; Malinovich, Y., Time resolved photoionization mass spectrometry in the millisecond range, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 60, 99. [all data]

Howe and Williams, 1969
Howe, I.; Williams, D.H., Calculation and qualitative predictions of mass spectra. Mono- and paradisubstituted benzenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1969, 91, 7137. [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Shiner, Vorner, et al., 1986
Shiner, C.S.; Vorner, P.E.; Kass, S.R., Gas phase acidities and heats of formation of 2,4- and 2,5- cyclohexadien-1-one, the keto tautomers of phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 5699. [all data]

Capponi, Gut, et al., 1999
Capponi, M.; Gut, I.G.; Hellrung, B.; Persy, G.; Wirz, J., Ketonization equilibria of phenol in aqueous solution, Can. J. Chem., 1999, 77, 5-6, 605-613, https://doi.org/10.1139/v99-048 . [all data]

Angel and Ervin, 2004
Angel, L.A.; Ervin, K.M., Competitive threshold collision-induced dissociation: Gas-phase acidity and O-H bond dissociation enthalpy of phenol, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2004, 108, 40, 8346-8352, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0474529 . [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Richardson, Stephenson, et al., 1975
Richardson, J.H.; Stephenson, L.M.; Brauman, J.I., Photodetachment of electrons from phenoxides and thiophenoxide, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 2967. [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1990
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities in the Gas Phase of the Hydrogen Bonded Complexes, YC6H4OH-X-, of Substituted Phenols, YC6H4OH, with the Halide Anions X-(Cl-, Br-), Can. J. Chem., 1990, 68, 11, 2070, https://doi.org/10.1139/v90-316 . [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1991
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of Complexes of Br- with Substituted Benzenes (SB) Based on Determinations of the Gas-Phase Equilibria Br- + SB = (BrSB)-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 4, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a014 . [all data]

Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986
Meot-Ner, M.; Sieck, L.W., The ionic hydrogen bond and ion solvation. 5. OH...O- bonds. Gas phase solvation and clustering of alkoxide and carboxylate anions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 7525. [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl- = RHCl-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Cummings, French, et al., 1977
Cummings, J.B.; French, M.A.; Kebarle, P., Effect of charge delocalization on hydrogen bonding to negative ions and solvation of negative ions. Substituted phenols and phenoxide ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 6999. [all data]

Kebarle, 1977
Kebarle, P., Ion Thermochemistry and Solvation from Gas Phase Ion Equilibria, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1977, 28, 1, 445, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pc.28.100177.002305 . [all data]

Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971
Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding energies to negative ions from gas phase measurements of ionic equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1971, 93, 7139. [all data]

Amunugama and Rodgers, 2002
Amunugama, R.; Rodgers, M.T., The influence of substituents on cation-pi interactions. 4. Absolute binding energies of alkali metal cation - Phenol complexes determined by threshold collision-induced dissociation and theoretical studies, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2002, 106, 42, 9718, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0211584 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1983
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Strong hydrogen bonding in gas-phase anions. An ion cyclotron resonance determination of fluoride binding energetics to bronsted acids from gas-phase fluoride exchange equilibria measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 2944. [all data]

Wenthold and Squires, 1995
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R., Bond dissociation energies of F2(-) and HF2(-). A gas-phase experimental and G2 theoretical study, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 7, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100007a034 . [all data]

Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970
Arshadi, M.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of Halide Negative Ions in the Gas Phase. II. Comparison of Hydration Energies for the Alkali Positive and Halide Negative Ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1475, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a014 . [all data]

Armentrout and Rodgers, 2000
Armentrout, P.B.; Rodgers, M.T., An Absolute Sodium Cation Affinity Scale: Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments and ab Initio Theory, J. Phys. Chem A, 2000, 104, 11, 2238, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp991716n . [all data]

McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000
McMahon, T.B.; Ohanessian, G., An Experimental and Ab Initio Study of the Nature of the Binding in Gas-Phase Complexes of Sodium Ions, Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6, 16, 2931, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20000818)6:16<2931::AID-CHEM2931>3.0.CO;2-7 . [all data]

Martynoff, 1949
Martynoff, M., Note de laboratoire: Spectres d'absorption de quelques p-quinones, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1949, 16, 258-261. [all data]

Berezkin, Popova, et al., 1997
Berezkin, V.G.; Popova, T.P.; Shiryayeva, V.Ye.; Nomura, N., Gas-chromatographic separation of monoalkylphenols on polar and non-polar phases by means of capillary chromatography, Pet. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1997, 37, 2, 161-167. [all data]

Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997
Zhang, M.; Chen, B.; Shen, S.; Chen, S., Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by g.c.-FT-i.r. analysis of middle oil fractions, Fuel, 1997, 76, 5, 415-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(97)85518-4 . [all data]

Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996
Righezza, M.; Hassani, A.; Meklati, B.Y.; Chrétien, J.R., Quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRR) of congeneric aromatics series studied on phenyl OV phases in gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 723, 1, 77-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00816-0 . [all data]

Hassani and Meklati, 1992
Hassani, A.; Meklati, B.Y., Gas chromatographic behaviour of monosubstituted benzenes, benzaldehydes and acetophenones on OV polymethylphenyl-silicone stationary phases, Chromatographia, 1992, 33, 5/6, 267-271, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02276193 . [all data]

Zhang, Li, et al., 1992
Zhang, M.J.; Li, S.D.; Chen, B.J., Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by GC/FTIR analysis of light oil fractions, Chromatographia, 1992, 33, 3/4, 138-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02275894 . [all data]

Evans and Haken, 1989
Evans, M.B.; Haken, J.K., Dispersion and selectivity indices in gas chromatography. IV. Chlorinated aromatic compounds, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 468, 373-382, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)96332-5 . [all data]

Engewald, Billing, et al., 1988
Engewald, W.; Billing, U.; Topalova, I.; Petsev, N., Structure-retention correlations of alkylphenols in gas-liquid and gas-solid chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 446, 71-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94419-4 . [all data]

Shakirov, Tsypysheva, et al., 1988
Shakirov, L.G.; Tsypysheva, L.G.; Suleimamova, R.A.; Naimushin, A.I.; Tsypyshev, O.Yu., Gas chromatographic determination of the products of the synthesis of chlorine-substituted salicylic acids, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1988, 43, 143-146. [all data]

Korhonen and Knuutinen, 1984
Korhonen, I.O.O.; Knuutinen, J., Gas-liquid chromatographic analyses. XXVII. Separation of chlorinated 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes on a capillary column coated with non-polar SE-30 stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 292, 2, 345-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)83614-1 . [all data]

Korhonen, 1984
Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas-liquid chromatographic analyses. XXXI. Retention increments of isomeric chlorophenols on low-polarity (SE-30) and polar (FFAP) capillary columns, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 315, 185-200, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90736-8 . [all data]

Tiess, 1984
Tiess, D., Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelflüchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30, Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 6-9. [all data]

Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren, Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041 . [all data]

Zygmunt, Wardencki, et al., 1983
Zygmunt, B.; Wardencki, W.; Staszewski, R., Gas chromatographic identification of thiols in the naphta cut from Libyan crude oil, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 265, 136-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)96709-3 . [all data]

Vernon and Edwards, 1975
Vernon, F.; Edwards, G.T., Gas-liquid chromatography on fluorinated stationary phases. II. Fluorinated compounds containing a functional group, J. Chromatogr., 1975, 114, 1, 87-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)85245-0 . [all data]

Agr, Tesaric, et al., 1973
Agr, X.X.; Tesaric, K.; Janak, J., Will be entered later, J. Chromatogr., 1973, 95, 207-215. [all data]

Mitchell and Vernon, 1972
Mitchell, P.T.; Vernon, F., Gas-Liquid Chromatography of Nitrophenols and Methyl Derivatives, J. Chromatogr., 1972, 65, 3, 487-491, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)84994-8 . [all data]

Tibor and Anna, 1971
Tibor, T.; Anna, B., Gázkromatográfiás retenció és a kémiai szerkezet, I., Magy. Kem. Foly., 1971, 77, 576-587. [all data]

Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968
Brown, I.; Chapman, I.L.; Nicholson, G.J., Gas chromatography of polar solutes in electron acceptor stationary phases, Aust. J. Chem., 1968, 21, 5, 1125-1141, https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9681125 . [all data]

Reymond, Mueggler-Chavan, et al., 1966
Reymond, D.; Mueggler-Chavan, F.; Viani, R.; Vuataz, L.; Egli, R.H., Gas chromatographic analysis of steam volatile aroma constituents: application to coffee, tea and cocoa aromas, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1966, 4, 1, 28-31, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/4.1.28 . [all data]

Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965
Viani, R.; Müggler-Chavan, F.; Reymond, D.; Egli, R.H., 196. Sur la composition de l'arôme de café, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1965, 48, 195-196, 1809-1815, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19650480743 . [all data]

Medvedovskaya, Tikhomirova, et al., 1997
Medvedovskaya, I.I.; Tikhomirova, S.V.; Krasavina, T.D.; Gubkina, L.N., Comparison of results of chromatographic identification of complex mixtures of organic compounds, Proc. Omsk. Univ., 1997, 4, 34-36. [all data]

Still and Whitehead, 1977
Still, R.H.; Whitehead, A., Thermal degradation of polymers. XV. Vacuum pyrolysis studies on poly(p-methoxystyrene) and poly(p-hydroxystyrene), J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1977, 21, 5, 1199-1213, https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210504 . [all data]

Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973
Anderson, A.; Jurel, S.; Shymanska, M.; Golender, L., Gas-liquid chromatography of some aliphatic and heterocyclic mono- and pollyfunctional amines. VII. Retention indices of amines in some polar and unpolar stationary phases, Latv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis Kim. Ser., 1973, 1, 51-63. [all data]

Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005
Ádámová, M.; Orinák, A.; Halás, L., Retention indices as identification tool in pyrolysis-capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1087, 1-2, 131-141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.003 . [all data]

Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 2004
Hierro, E.; de la Hoz, L.; Ordóñez, J.A., Headspace volatile compounds from salted and occasionally smoked dried meats (cecinas) as affected by animal species, Food Chem., 2004, 85, 4, 649-657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.07.001 . [all data]

Lalel, Singh, et al., 2003
Lalel, H.J.D.; Singh, Z.; Chye Tan, S., Glycosidically-bound aroma volatile compounds in the skin and pulp of 'Kensington Pride' mango fruit at different stages of maturity, Postharvest Biol. Technol., 2003, 29, 2, 205-218, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00250-8 . [all data]

Sun and Stremple, 2003
Sun, G.; Stremple, P., Retention index characterization of flavor, fragrance, and many other compounds on DB-1 and DB-XLB, 2003, retrieved from http://www.chem.agilent.com/cag/cabu/pdf/b-0279.pdf. [all data]

Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Bello, A., Volatile compounds of Psidium salutare (H.B.K.) Berg. fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 18, 5146-5148, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0116303 . [all data]

Kim, 2001
Kim, J.S., Einfluss der Temperatur beim Rösten von Sesam auf Aroma und antioxidative Eigenschaften des Öls, PhD Thesis, Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades, Berlin, 2001, 151. [all data]

de Lacy Costello, Evans, et al., 2001
de Lacy Costello, B.P.J.; Evans, P.; Ewen, R.J.; Gunson, H.E.; Jones, P.R.H.; Ratcliffe, N.M.; Spencer-Phillips, P.T.N., Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of volatile organic compounds from potato tubers inoculated with Phytophthora infestans or Fusarium coeruleum, Plant Pathol., 2001, 50, 4, 489-496, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00594.x . [all data]

Yin, Xiu, et al., 2001
Yin, W.; Xiu, Z.; Aijin, H., Analysis of the volatile components in trogopterorum feces by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Fenxi Huaxue, 2001, 29, 2, 195-198. [all data]

Chevance and Farmer, 1999
Chevance, F.F.V.; Farmer, L.J., Identification of major volatile odor compounds in frankfurters, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 12, 5151-5160, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990515d . [all data]

Helmig, Klinger, et al., 1999
Helmig, D.; Klinger, L.F.; Guenther, A.; Vierling, L.; Geron, C.; Zimmerman, P., Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions (BVOCs). I. Identifications from three continental sites in the U.S., Chemosphere, 1999, 38, 9, 2163-2187, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00425-1 . [all data]

Verdier-Metz., Coulon, et al., 1998
Verdier-Metz., I.; Coulon, J.-B.; PPradel, P.; Viallon, C.; Berdague, J.-L., Effect of forage conservation (hay or silage) and cow breed on the coagulation properties of milks and on the characteristics of ripened cheeses, J. Dairy Res., 1998, 65, 1, 9-21, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029997002616 . [all data]

DeMilo, Lee, et al., 1996
DeMilo, A.B.; Lee, C.-J.; Moreno, D.S.; Martinez, A.J., Identification of volatiles derived from Citrobacter freundii fermentation of a trypticase soy broth, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 2, 607-612, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf950525o . [all data]

Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996
Gautzsch, R.; Zinn, P., Use of incremental models to estimate the retention indexes of aromatic compounds, Chromatographia, 1996, 43, 3/4, 163-176, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02292946 . [all data]

Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996
Helmig, D.; Pollock, W.; Greenberg, J.; Zimmerman, P., Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of volatile organic trace gases at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101, D9, 14697-14710, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD00212 . [all data]

Coen, Engel, et al., 1995
Coen, M.; Engel, R.; Nahrstedt, A., Chavicol β-D-glucoside, a phenylpropanoid heteroside, benzyl-β-D-glucoside and glycosidically bound volatiles from subspecies of Cedronella canariensis, Phytochemistry, 1995, 40, 1, 149-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00241-X . [all data]

Gerbino and Castello, 1995
Gerbino, T.C.; Castello, G., Prediction of programmed temperature retention indices on capillary columns of different polarities, J. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 699, 1-2, 161-171, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00024-H . [all data]

Lee, DeMilo, et al., 1995
Lee, C.-J.; DeMilo, A.B.; Moreno, D.S.; Martinez, A.J., Analysis of the volatile components of a bacterial fermentation that is attractive to the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 5, 1348-1351, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00053a041 . [all data]

Ferchichi and Messadi, 1994
Ferchichi, L.; Messadi, D., Simulations de la rétention et de l'effecacité de colonne en chromatographie en phase gazeuse à température programmée: théorie et application, Analusis, 1994, 22, 392-399. [all data]

Kaiser and Siegl, 1994
Kaiser, E.W.; Siegl, W.O., High resolution gas chromatographic determination of the atmospheric reactivity of engine-out hydrocarbon emissions from a spark-ignited engine, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1994, 17, 4, 264-270, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170414 . [all data]

Wu, Kuo, et al., 1991
Wu, P.; Kuo, M.-C.; Hartman, T.G.; Rosen, R.T.; Ho, C.-T., Free and glycosidically bound aroma compounds in pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 1, 170-172, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00001a033 . [all data]

Shapi and Hesso, 1990
Shapi, M.M.; Hesso, A., Thermal decomposition of polystyrene volatile compounds from large-scale pyrolysis, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 1990, 18, 2, 143-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(90)80004-8 . [all data]

Tang, Zhang, et al., 1990
Tang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Hartman, T.G.; Rosen, R.T.; Ho, C.-T., Free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds in fresh celery (Apium graveolens L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 10, 1937-1940, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00100a013 . [all data]

Sagrero-Nieves, de Pooter, et al., 1989
Sagrero-Nieves, L.; de Pooter, H.L.; Van Wassenhove, F.A., Major Volatile Constituents from the Fruit of Mammee Apple (Mammea americana L.), J. Food Comp. Anal., 1989, 2, 4, 382-385, https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1575(89)90010-0 . [all data]

Tan, Wilkins, et al., 1989
Tan, S.T.; Wilkins, A.L.; Holland, P.T.; McGhie, T.K., Extractives from New Zealand unifloral honeys. 2. Degraded carotenoids and other substances from heather honey, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 5, 1217-1221, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00089a004 . [all data]

Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C., Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8 . [all data]

Rostad and Pereira, 1986
Rostad, C.E.; Pereira, W.E., Kovats and Lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 6, 328-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090603 . [all data]

Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984
Buchman, O.; Cao, G.-Y.; Peng, C.T., Structure assignment by retention index in gas-liquid radiochromatography of substituted cyclohexenes, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 312, 75-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92765-7 . [all data]

Varlet, Serot, et al., 2007
Varlet, V.; Serot, T.; Cardinal, M.; Knockaert, C.; Prost, C., Olfactometric Determination of the Most Potent Odor-Active Compounds in Salmon Muscle (Salmo salar) Smoked by Using Four Smoke Generation Techniques, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 11, 4518-4525, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf063468f . [all data]

Mjøs, Meier, et al., 2006
Mjøs, S.A.; Meier, S.; Boitsov, S., Alkylphenol retention indices, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1123, 1, 98-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.002 . [all data]

Varlet V., Knockaert C., et al., 2006
Varlet V.; Knockaert C.; Prost C.; Serot T., Comparison of odor-active volatile compounds of fresh and smoked salmon, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 9, 3391-3401, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf053001p . [all data]

Place, Imhof, et al., 2003
Place, R.B.; Imhof, M.; Teuber, M.; Olivier Bosset, J., Distribution of the volatile (flavour) compounds in Raclette cheese produced with different staphylococci in the smear, Mitt. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg., 2003, 94, 192-211. [all data]

Whetstine, Parker, et al., 2003
Whetstine, M.E.C.; Parker, J.D.; Drake, M.A.; Larick, D.K., Determining flavor and flavor variability in commercially produced liquid cheddar whey, J. Dairy Sci., 2003, 86, 2, 439-448, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73622-4 . [all data]

Yasuhara, Shiraishi, et al., 1997
Yasuhara, A.; Shiraishi, H.; Nishikawa, M.; Yamamoto, T.; Uehiro, T.; Nakasugi, O.; Okumura, T.; Kenmotsu, K.; Fukui, H.; Nagase, M.; Ono, Y.; Kawagoshi, Y.; Baba, K.; Noma, Y., Determination of organic components in leachates from hazardous waste disposal sites in Japan by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 774, 1-2, 321-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00078-2 . [all data]

Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Maltby, D., Prediction of retention indexes. III. Silylated derivatives of polar compounds, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 113-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80029-G . [all data]

Jarunrattanasri, Theerakulkait, et al., 2007
Jarunrattanasri, A.; Theerakulkait, C.; Cadwallader, K.R., Aroma Components of Acid-Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein Made by Partial Hydrolysis of Rice Bran Protein, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 8, 3044-3050, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0631474 . [all data]

Pozo-Bayon M.A., Ruiz-Rodriguez A., et al., 2007
Pozo-Bayon M.A.; Ruiz-Rodriguez A.; Pernin K.; Cayot N., Influence of eggs on the aroma composition of a sponge cake and on the aroma release in model studies on flavored sponge cakes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 4, 1418-1426, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf062203y . [all data]

Osorio, Alarcon, et al., 2006
Osorio, C.; Alarcon, M.; Moreno, C.; Bonilla, A.; Barrios, J.; Garzon, C.; Duque, C., Characterization of Odor-Active Volatiles in Champa ( Campomanesia lineatifolia R. P.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 2, 509-516, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052098c . [all data]

Chung, Fung, et al., 2005
Chung, H.Y.; Fung, P.K.; Kim, J.-S., Aroma impact components in commercial plain sufu, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 5, 1684-1691, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048617d . [all data]

Cros, Lignot, et al., 2005
Cros, S.; Lignot, B.; Bourseau, P.; Jaouen, P.; Prost, C., Desalination of mussel cooking juices by electrodialysis: effect on the aroma profile, J. Food Eng., 2005, 69, 4, 425-436, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.08.036 . [all data]

Lee, Lee, et al., 2005
Lee, J.-G.; Lee, C.-G.; Kwag, J.-J.; Buglass, A.J.; Lee, G.-H., Determination of optimum conditions for the analysis of volatile components in pine needles by double-shot pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1089, 1-2, 227-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.060 . [all data]

Bonvehi and Coll, 2003
Bonvehi, J.S.; Coll, F.V., Flavour index and aroma profiles of fresh and processed honeys, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2003, 83, 4, 275-282, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1308 . [all data]

Chyau, Ko, et al., 2003
Chyau, C.-C.; Ko, P.-T.; Chang, C.-H.; Mau, J.-L., Free and glycosidically bound aroma compounds in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), Food Chem., 2003, 80, 3, 387-392, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00278-9 . [all data]

Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003
Cros, S.; Vandanjon, L.; Jaouen, P.; Bourseau, P., Processing of industrial mussel cooking juices by reverse osmosis: pollution abatement and aromas recovery, 2003, retrieved from http://www.membrane.unsw.edu.au/imstec03/content/papers/DAI/imstec064.pdf. [all data]

Chung, Yung, et al., 2002
Chung, H.-Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Ma, W.C.J.; Kim, J.-S., Analysis of volatile components in frozen and dried scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Food Res. Int., 2002, 35, 1, 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00107-7 . [all data]

Adamiec, Rossner, et al., 2001
Adamiec, J.; Rossner, J.; Velisek, J.; Cejpek, K.; Savel, J., Minor Strecker degradation products of phenylalanine and phenylglycine, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2001, 212, 2, 135-140, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170000234 . [all data]

Chung, Yung, et al., 2001
Chung, H.Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Kim, J.-S., Comparison of volatile components in dried scallops (Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis) prepared by boiling and steaming methods, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 1, 192-202, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000692a . [all data]

Shimoda, Yoshimura, et al., 2001
Shimoda, M.; Yoshimura, Y.; Yoshimura, T.; Noda, K.; Osajima, Y., Volatile flavor compounds of sweetened condensed milk, J. Food Sci., 2001, 66, 6, 804-807, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb15176.x . [all data]

Wirth, Guo, et al., 2001
Wirth, J.; Guo, W.; Baumes, R.; Günata, Z., Volatile compounds released by enzymatic hydrolysis of glycoconjugates of leaves and grape berries from Vitis vinifera muscat of Alexandria and Shiraz cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 6, 2917-2923, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001398l . [all data]

Bureau, Baumes, et al., 2000
Bureau, S.M.; Baumes, R.L.; Razungles, A.J., Effects of vine or bunch shading on the glycosylated flavor precursors in grapes of Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Syrah, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 4, 1290-1297, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990507x . [all data]

Chung, 2000
Chung, H.Y., Volatile flavor components in red fermented soybean (Glycine max) curds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 5, 1803-1809, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991272s . [all data]

Chevance and Farmer, 1999, 2
Chevance, F.F.V.; Farmer, L.J., Release of volatile odor compounds from full-fat and reduced-fat frankfurters, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 12, 5161-5168, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9905166 . [all data]

Chung, 1999
Chung, H.Y., Volatile components in crabmeats of Charybdis feriatus, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 6, 2280-2287, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981027t . [all data]

Chung, 1999, 2
Chung, H.Y., Volatile components in fermented soybean (Glycine max) curds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 7, 2690-2696, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981166a . [all data]

Ollé, Baumes, et al., 1998
Ollé, D.; Baumes, R.L.; Bayonove, C.L.; Lozano, Y.F.; Sznaper, C.; Brillouet, J.-M., Comparison of free and glycosidically linked volatile components from polyembryonic and monoembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 3, 1094-1100, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9705781 . [all data]

Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1994
Shiratsuchi, H.; Shimoda, M.; Imayoshi, K.; Noda, K.; Osajima, Y., Volatile flavor compounds in spray-dried skim milk powder, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 4, 984-988, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00040a028 . [all data]

Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994
Sumitani, H.; Suekane, S.; Nakatani, A.; Tatsuka, K., Changes in composition of volatile compounds in high pressure treated peach, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 3, 785-790, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00039a037 . [all data]

Chung and Cadwallader, 1993
Chung, H.Y.; Cadwallader, K.R., Volatile components in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat and processing by-product, J. Food Sci., 1993, 58, 6, 1203-1207, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06148.x . [all data]

Umano, Hagi, et al., 1992
Umano, K.; Hagi, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Shoji, A.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile constituents of green and ripened pineapple (Aanas comosus [L.] Merr.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 4, 599-603, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00016a014 . [all data]

Humpf and Schreier, 1991
Humpf, H.-U.; Schreier, P., Bound aroma compounds from the fruit and the leaves of blackberry (Rubus laciniata L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 10, 1830-1832, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00010a028 . [all data]

Krammer, Winterhalter, et al., 1991
Krammer, G.; Winterhalter, P.; Schwab, M.; Schreier, P., Glycosidically bound aroma compounds in the fruits of Prunus species: Apricot (P. armeniaca, L.) peach (P. persica, L.) yellow plum (P. domestica, L. ssp. Syriaca), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 4, 778-781, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00004a032 . [all data]

Pabst, Barron, et al., 1991
Pabst, A.; Barron, D.; Etiévant, P.; Schreier, P., Studies on the enzymatic hydrolysis of bound aroma constituents from raspberry fruit pulp, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 1, 173-175, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00001a034 . [all data]

Suárez, Duque, et al., 1991
Suárez, M.; Duque, C.; Wintoch, H.; Schreier, P., Glycosidically bound aroma compounds from the pulp and the peelings of lulo fruit (Solanum vestissimum D.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 9, 1643-1645, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00009a022 . [all data]

Frohlich and Schreier, 1990
Frohlich, O.; Schreier, P., Volatile Constituents of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Fruit, J. Food Sci., 1990, 55, 1, 176-180, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06046.x . [all data]

Schwab, Mahr, et al., 1989
Schwab, W.; Mahr, C.; Schreier, P., Studies on the enzymic hydrolysis of bound aroma components from Carica papaya fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 4, 1009-1012, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00088a042 . [all data]

Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 1989
Tanchotikul, U.; Hsieh, T.C.-Y., Volatile Flavor Components in Crayfish Waste, J. Food Sci., 1989, 54, 6, 1515-1520, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb05149.x . [all data]

Baltes and Mevissen, 1988
Baltes, W.; Mevissen, L., Model reactions on roast aroma formation. VI. Volatile reaction products from the reaction of phenylalanine with glucose during cooking and roasting, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 1988, 187, 3, 209-214, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01043341 . [all data]

Wang and Sun, 1987
Wang, T.; Sun, Y., On the influence of the solute sample size on temperature-programmed retention indices, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1987, 10, 11, 603-606, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240101105 . [all data]

Natali N., Chinnici F., et al., 2006
Natali N.; Chinnici F.; Riponi C., Characterization of volatiles in extracts from oak chips obtained by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 21, 8190-8198, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0614387 . [all data]

Verzera, Ziino, et al., 2004
Verzera, A.; Ziino, M.; Condurso, C.; Romeo, V.; Zappala, M., Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for rapid characterisation of semi-hard cheeses, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2004, 380, 7-8, 930-936, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2879-4 . [all data]

Pennarun, Prost, et al., 2003
Pennarun, A.-L.; Prost, C.; Haure, J.; Demaimay, M., Comparison of two microalgal diets. 2. Influence on odorant composition and organoleptic qualities of raw oysters (Crassostrea gigas), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 7, 2011-2018, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020549c . [all data]

Pennarun, Prost, et al., 2002
Pennarun, A.L.; Prost, C.; Demaimay, M., Identification and origin of the character-impact compounds of raw oyster Crassostrea gigas, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2002, 82, 14, 1652-1660, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1236 . [all data]

Cantergiani, Brevard, et al., 2001
Cantergiani, E.; Brevard, H.; Krebs, Y.; Feria-Morales, A.; Amadò, R.; Yeretzian, C., Characterisation of the aroma of green Mexican coffee and identification of mouldy/earthy defect, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2001, 212, 6, 648-657, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170100305 . [all data]

Baek and Cadwallader, 1996
Baek, H.H.; Cadwallader, K.R., Volatile compounds in flavor concentrates produced from crayfish-processing byproducts with and without protease treatment, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 10, 3262-3267, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960023q . [all data]

Yasuhara, 1987
Yasuhara, A., Identification of Volatile Compounds in Poultry Manure by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 387, 371-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94539-X . [all data]

Whitfield, Shea, et al., 1981
Whitfield, F.B.; Shea, S.R.; Gillen, K.J.; Shaw, K.J., Volatile components from the roots of Acacia pulchella R.Br. and their effect on Phytophthora cinnamomi rands, Aust. J. Bot., 1981, 29, 2, 195-208, https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9810195 . [all data]

Hedin, Minyard, et al., 1967
Hedin, P.A.; Minyard, J.P.; Thompson, A.C., Chromatographic and spectral analysis of phenolic acids and related compounds, J. Chromatogr., 1967, 30, 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)84111-4 . [all data]

Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 9999
Wanakhachornkrai, P.; Lertsiri, S., Comparison of determination method for volatile compounds in Thai soy sauce, Analytical, Nutritional and Clinical Methods, 9999, 1-11. [all data]

Goeminne, Vandendriessche, et al., 2012
Goeminne, P.C.; Vandendriessche, T.; Van Eldere, J.; Nicolai, B.M.; Hertog, M.L.; Dupont, L.J., Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum headspace through volatile organic compound analysis, Respiratory Res., 2012, 13, 87, 1-9. [all data]

Gruzdev, Kuzivanov, et al., 2012
Gruzdev, I.V.; Kuzivanov, I.M.; Zenkevich, I.G.; Kondratenok, B.M., Gas-chromatographic identification of products formed in iodination of methyl phenols by retention indices, Rus. J. Appl. Chem., 2012, 85, 9, 1355-1365, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427212090108 . [all data]

Gruzdev, Kuzivanov, et al., 2012, 2
Gruzdev, I.V.; Kuzivanov, I.M.; Zenkevich, I.G.; Kondratenok, B.M., Gas chromatographic determination of methylsubstituted phenols in aqueous media with preliminary iodination, Rus. J. Anal. Chem., 2012, 68, 2, 175-183. [all data]

Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012
Kotowska, U.; Zalikowski, M.; Isidorov, V.A., HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from municipal sewage sludge, Environ. Monit. Asses., 2012, 184, 5, 2893-2907, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2158-8 . [all data]

Nawrath, Mgode, et al., 2012
Nawrath, T.; Mgode, G.F.; Weetjens, B.; Kaufmann, S.H.E.; Schulz, S., The volatiles of pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria aand related bacteria, Beilstein J. Org. Chem., 2012, 8, 290-297, https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.31 . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2011
Leffingwell, J.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of the giant pufball mushroom (Calvatia gigantea), Leffingwell Rep., 2011, 4, 1-17. [all data]

Piyachaiseth, Jirapakkul, et al., 2011
Piyachaiseth, T.; Jirapakkul, W.; Chaiseri, S., Aroma compounds of flash-fried rice, Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.), 2011, 45, 717-729. [all data]

Majcher, Lawrowski, et al., 2010
Majcher, M.; Lawrowski, P.; Jelen, H., Comparison of original and adulterated oscypek cheese based on volatile and sensory profiles, Acta Sci. Pol. Technol. Aliment., 2010, 9, 3, 265-275. [all data]

Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Blagojevic, P.; Palic, R., Comparative study of the leaf volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae), Molecules, 2010, 15, 9, 6168-6185, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168 . [all data]

Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Dordevic, N.; Markovic, M.; Palic, R., Volatile constituents of Glechoma Hirsuta Waldst. Kit. and G. Hederacea L. (Lamiaceae), Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 2010, 24, 1, 67-76, https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v24i1.52962 . [all data]

Harrison and Priest, 2009
Harrison, B.M.; Priest, F.G., Composition of peaks used in the preparation of malt for Scotch Whisky production - influence of geographical source and extraction depth, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 6, 2385-2391, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf803556y . [all data]

Pham, Schilling, et al., 2008
Pham, A.J.; Schilling, M.W.; Yoon, Y.; Kamadia, V.V.; Marshall, D.L., Characterization of fish sauce aroma-impact compounds using GC-MS, SPME-Osme-GCO, and Stevens' power law exponents, J. Food. Sci., 2008, 73, 4, c268-c274, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00709.x . [all data]

Bozi, Czagany, et al., 2007
Bozi, J.; Czagany, Z.; Meszaros, E.; Blazso, M., Thermal decomposition of flame retarded polycarbonates, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 2007, 79, 1-2, 337-345, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2007.01.001 . [all data]

Tava, Pecetti, et al., 2007
Tava, A.; Pecetti, L.; Ricci, M.; Pagnotta, M.A.; Russi, L., Volatile compounds from leaves and flowers of Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirt. (Fabaceae) from Italy, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 5, 363-370, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1806 . [all data]

Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007
Vasta, V.; Ratel, J.; Engel, E., Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Raw Meat for the Authentication of the Feeding Background of Farm Animals, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 12, 4630-4639, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf063432n . [all data]

Xu, Fan, et al., 2007
Xu, Y.; Fan, W.; Qian, M.C., Characterization of Aroma Compounds in Apple Cider Using Solvent-Assisted Flavor Evaporation and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 8, 3051-3057, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0631732 . [all data]

Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006
Castel, C.; Fernandez, X.; Lizzani-Cuvelier, L.; Loiseau, A.-M.; Perichet, C.; Delbecque, C.; Arnaudo, J.-F., Volatile constituents of benzoin gums: Siam and Sumatra, part 2. Study of headspace sampling methods, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 59-67, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1502 . [all data]

Fan and Qian, 2006
Fan, W.; Qian, M.C., Identification of aroma compounds in Chinese 'Yanghe Daqu' liquor by normal phase chromatography fractionation followed by gas chromatography/olfactometry, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 2, 333-342, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1621 . [all data]

Lee, Lee, et al., 2005, 2
Lee, K.-G.; Lee, S.-E.; Takeoka, G.R.; Kim, J.-H.; Park, B.-S., Antioxidant activity and characterization of volatile constituents of beechwood creosote, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2005, 85, 9, 1580-1586, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2156 . [all data]

van Loon, Linssen, et al., 2005
van Loon, W.A.M.; Linssen, J.P.H.; Legger, A.; Posthumus, M.A.; Voragen, A.G.J., Identification and olfactometry of French fries flavour extracted at mouth conditions, Food Chem., 2005, 90, 3, 417-425, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.05.005 . [all data]

Park, Lee, et al., 2004
Park, B.-S.; Lee, K.-G.; Takeoka, G.R., Comparison of three sample preparation methods on the recovery of volatiles from taheebo (Tabebuia impetiginosa Martius ex DC), Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 4, 287-292, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1345 . [all data]

Zenkevich, Moeder, et al., 2004
Zenkevich, I.G.; Moeder, M.; Koeller, G.; Schrader, S., Using new structurally related additive schemes in the precalculation of gas chromatographic retention indices of polychlorinated hydroxybiphenyls on HP-5 stationary phase, J. Chromatogr. A, 2004, 1025, 2, 227-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.106 . [all data]

Sebastian, Viallon-Fernandez, et al., 2003
Sebastian, I.; Viallon-Fernandez, C.; Berge, P.; Berdague, J.-L., Analysis of the volatile fraction of lamb fat tissue: influence of the type of feeding, Sciences des Aliments, 2003, 23, 4, 497-511, https://doi.org/10.3166/sda.23.497-511 . [all data]

Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 2003
Wanakhachornkrai, P.; Lertsiri, S., Analytical, nutritional, and clinical methods. Comparison of determination method for volatile compounds in Thai soy sauce, Food Chem., 2003, 83, 4, 619-629, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00256-5 . [all data]

Hayes R.A., Richardson B.J., et al., 2002
Hayes R.A.; Richardson B.J.; Claus S.C.; Wyllie S.G., Semiochemicals and social signaling in the wild European rabbit in Australia: II. Variations in chemical composition of chin gland secretion across sampling sites, J. Chem. Ecol., 2002, 28, 12, 2613-2625, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021452623055 . [all data]

Kelling, 2001
Kelling, F.J., Olfaction in houseflies: morphology and electrophysiology. Chapter 7. Chemical and electrophysiological analysis of components, present in natural products that attract houseflies, Dissertation, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, 2001. [all data]

Poligné, Collignan, et al., 2001
Poligné, I.; Collignan, A.; Trystram, G., Characterization of traditional processing of pork meat into boucané, Meat Sci., 2001, 59, 4, 377-389, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(01)00090-0 . [all data]

Health Safety Executive, 2000
Health Safety Executive, MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air - Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24, retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs96.pdf. [all data]

Quiroz, Fuentes-Contreras, et al., 1999
Quiroz, A.; Fuentes-Contreras, E.; Ramírez, C.C.; Russell, G.B.; Niemeyer, H.M., Host-plant chemicals and distribution of Neuquenaphis ON Nothofagus, J. Chem. Ecol., 1999, 25, 5, 1043-1054, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020825707922 . [all data]

D'Arcy, Rintoul, et al., 1997
D'Arcy, B.R.; Rintoul, G.B.; Rowland, C.Y.; Blackman, A.J., Composition of Australian honey extractives. 1. Norisoprenoids, monoterpenes, and other natural volatiles from blue gum (Eucalyptus leucoxylon) and yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora) honeys, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 5, 1834-1843, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960625+ . [all data]

Lu, Yu, et al., 1997
Lu, G.; Yu, T.-H.; Ho, C.-T., Generation of flavor compounds by the reaction of 2-deoxyglucose with selected amino acids, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 1, 233-236, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960609c . [all data]

Robacker and Bartelt, 1997
Robacker, D.C.; Bartelt, R.J., Chemicals attractive to Mexican fruit fly from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter freundii cultures sampled by solid-phase microextraction MICROEXTRACTION, J. Chem. Ecol., 1997, 23, 12, 2897-2915, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022579414233 . [all data]

Yu and Ho, 1995
Yu, T.-H.; Ho, C.-T., Volatile compounds generated from thermal reaction of methionine and methionine sulfoxide with or without glucose, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 6, 1641-1646, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00054a043 . [all data]

Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Frattoni, M.; Liberti, A., Use of carbon adsorption traps combined with high resolution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry for the analysis of polar and non-polar C4-C14 hydrocarbons involved in photochemical smog formation, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150205 . [all data]

Binder, Benson, et al., 1990
Binder, R.G.; Benson, M.E.; Flath, R.A., Volatile Components of Safflower, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 5, 1245-1248, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00095a020 . [all data]

Schwab and Schreier, 1988
Schwab, W.; Schreier, P., Simultaneous enzyme catalysis extraction: A versatile technique for the study of flavor precursors, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 6, 1238-1242, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00084a028 . [all data]

Harland, Cumming, et al., 1986
Harland, B.J.; Cumming, R.I.; Gillings, E., The Kovats indexes of some organic micropollutants on an SE54 capillary column, EUR, I Org. Micropollut. Aquat. Environ., 1986, EUR 10388, 123-127. [all data]

Habu, Flath, et al., 1985
Habu, T.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Morton, J.F., Volatile components of Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1985, 33, 2, 249-254, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00062a024 . [all data]

Stern, Flath, et al., 1985
Stern, D.J.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Teranishi, R.; Lundin, R.E.; Benson, M.E., Crude oleic acid volatiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1985, 33, 2, 180-184, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00062a005 . [all data]

Spiteller and Spiteller, 1979
Spiteller, M.; Spiteller, G., Trennung und charakterisierung saurer harnbest and- teile, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 164, 3, 253-317, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(00)81232-3 . [all data]

Mondello, 2012
Mondello, L., HS-SPME-GCxGC-MS analysis of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Shimadzu GC-GC application compendium of comprehensive 2D GC, Vol. 1-5, Shimadzu Corp., 2012, 1-29. [all data]

Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012
Robinson, A.L.; Adams, D.O.; Boss, P.K.; Heymann, H.; Solomon, P.S.; Trengove, R.D., Influence of geographic origine on the sensory characteristics and wine composition of Vitus viniferas cv. Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Australia (Supplemental data), Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 2012, 64, 4, 467-476, https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2012.12023 . [all data]

Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009
Mebazaa, R.; Mahmoudi, A.; Fouchet, M.; Dos Santos, M.; Kamissoko, F.; Nafti, A.; Ben Cheikh, R.; Rega, B.; Camel, V., Characterization of volatile compounds in Tunisian fenugreek seeds, Food Chem., 2009, 115, 4, 1326-1336, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.066 . [all data]

de Simon, Estruelas, et al., 2009
de Simon, B.F.; Estruelas, E.; Munoz, A.M.; Cadahia, E.; Sanz, M., Volatile compounds in acacia, chestnut, cherry, ash, and oak woods, with a view to their use in cooperage, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 8, 3217-3227, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf803463h . [all data]

Staples and Zeiger, 2008
Staples, E.; Zeiger, K., On-Site Measurements of VOCs and Odors from Metal Casting Operations Using an Ultra-Fast Gas Chromatograph, 2008, retrieved from http://www.estcal.com/TechPapers/Industrial/FoundryOdors.doc. [all data]

Zhao, Li, et al., 2008
Zhao, Y.; Li, J.; Xu, Y.; Duan, H.; Fan, W.; Zhao, G., EXtraction, preparation and identification of volatile compounds in Changyu XO brandy, Chinese J. Chromatogr., 2008, 26, 2, 212-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2059(08)60014-0 . [all data]

Zhu, Li, et al., 2008
Zhu, M.; Li, E.; He, H., Determination of volatile chemical constitutes in tea by simultaneous distillation extraction, vacuum hydrodistillation and thermal desrption, Chromatographia, 2008, 68, 7/8, 603-610, https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-008-0732-1 . [all data]

Dou, Li, et al., 2007
Dou, H.-L.; Li, C.-M.; Gu, H.-F.; Hao, J.-F., Comparative analysis on aromatic components of green tea and fresh green tea beverage using HS-SPME/GC-MS/GC-olfactometry/RI methods, Journal of Tea Science, 2007, 27, 1, 51-60. [all data]

Ebrahimi and Hadjmohammadi, 2006
Ebrahimi, P.; Hadjmohammadi, M.R., Simultaneous modeling of the Kovats retention indices on phenyl OV stationary phases with different polarity using MLR and ANN, QSAR Comb. Sci., 2006, 25, 10, 836-845, https://doi.org/10.1002/qsar.200530145 . [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 2003
Begnaud, F.; Pérès, C.; Berdagué, J.-L., Characterization of volatile effluents of livestock buildings by solid-phase microextraction, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 2003, 83, 10, 837-849, https://doi.org/10.1080/03067310310001603349 . [all data]

Counet, Callemien, et al., 2002
Counet, C.; Callemien, D.; Ouwerx, C.; Collin, S., Use of gas chromatography-olfactometry to identify key odorant compounds in dark chocolate. Comparison of samples before and after conching, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 8, 2385-2391, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0114177 . [all data]

Fu, Yoon, et al., 2002
Fu, S.-G.; Yoon, Y.; Basemore, R., Aroma-actie components in fermented bamboo shoots, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 3, 549-554, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010883t . [all data]

Poligne, Collignan, et al., 2002
Poligne, I.; Collignan, A.; Trystram, G., Effects of salting, drying, cooking, and smoking operations on volatile compound formation and collor patterns in pork, Food Eng. Physical Properties, 2002, 67, 8, 2976-2986. [all data]

Ansorena, Gimeno, et al., 2001
Ansorena, D.; Gimeno, O.; Astiasarán, I.; Bello, J., Analysis of volatile compounds by GC-MS of a dry fermented sausage: chorizo de Pamplona, Food Res. Int., 2001, 34, 1, 67-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00133-2 . [all data]

Luo and Agnew, 2001
Luo, J.; Agnew, M.P., Gas characteristics before and after biofiltration treating odorous emissions from animal rendering processes, Environ. Technol., 2001, 22, 9, 1091-1103, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593332208618220 . [all data]

Ansorena, Astiasarán, et al., 2000
Ansorena, D.; Astiasarán, I.; Bello, J., Influence of the simultaneous addition of the protease flavourzyme and the lipase novozyme 677BG on dry fermented sausage compounds extracted by SDE and analyzed by GC-MS, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 6, 2395-2400, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990931y . [all data]

Guyot, Scheirman, et al., 1999
Guyot, C.; Scheirman, V.; Collin, S., Floral origin markers of heather honeys: Calluna vulgaris and Erica arborea, Food Chem., 1999, 64, 1, 3-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00122-8 . [all data]

Guyot, Bouseta, et al., 1998
Guyot, C.; Bouseta, A.; Scheirman, V.; Collin, S., Floral origin markers of chestnut and lime tree honeys, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 2, 625-633, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970510l . [all data]

Mateo, Aguirrezábal, et al., 1997
Mateo, J.; Aguirrezábal, M.; Domínguez, C.; Zumalacárregui, J.M., Volatile compounds in Spanish paprika, J. Food Comp. Anal., 1997, 10, 3, 225-232, https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1997.0535 . [all data]

Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996
Mateo, J.; Zumalacárregui, J.M., Volatile compounds in chorizo and their changes during ripening, Meat Sci., 1996, 44, 4, 255-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(96)00028-9 . [all data]

Peng, 1996
Peng, C.T., Gas chromatographic identification of aromatic hydrocarbons in Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry, Cook, G.T.; Harkness, D.D.; MacKenzie, A.B.; Miller, B.F.; Scott, E.M., ed(s)., 1996, 221-232. [all data]

Buchbauer, Nikiforov, et al., 1994
Buchbauer, G.; Nikiforov, A.; Remberg, B., Headspace constituents of opium, Planta Medica, 1994, 60, 2, 181-183, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-959447 . [all data]

Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Brachetti, A.; Frattoni, M.; Sparapani, R., Composition and Distribution of Polar and Non-Polar VOCs in Urban, Rural, Forest and Remote Areas, Eur Commission EUR, 1994, 549-568. [all data]

Hathcock and Bertsch, 1993
Hathcock, S.; Bertsch, W., Analysis of volatiles associated with industrial scale processing of expanded polystyrene. Part II: Identification and quantitation, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1993, 16, 11, 651-659, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240161106 . [all data]

Um, Bailey, et al., 1992
Um, K.W.; Bailey, M.E.; Clarke, A.D.; Chao, R.R., Concentration and identification of volatile compounds from heated beef fat using supercritical CO2 extraction-gas liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 9, 1641-1646, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00021a033 . [all data]

Kawai, Ishida, et al., 1991
Kawai, T.; Ishida, Y.; Kakiuchi, H.; Ikeda, N.; Higashida, T.; Nakamura, S., Flavor components of dried squid, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 4, 770-777, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00004a031 . [all data]

Geldon, 1989
Geldon, A.L., Ground Water Hydrology of the Central Raton Basin, Colorado and New Mexico, US Geological Survey, US Government Printing Office, 1989, 104. [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Ardrey and Moffat, 1981
Ardrey, R.E.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 1318 substances of toxicological interest on SE-30 or OV-1 stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 1981, 220, 3, 195-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81925-1 . [all data]

Puvipirom and Chaisei, 2012
Puvipirom, J.; Chaisei, S., Contribution of roasted grains and seeds in aroma of oleang (Thai coffee drink), Int. Food Res. J., 2012, 19, 2, 583-588. [all data]

Kiss, Csoka, et al., 2011
Kiss, M.; Csoka, M.; Gyorfi, J.; Korany, K., Comparison of the fragrance constituents of Tuber aestivium and Tuber Brumale gathered in Hungary, J. Appl. Botany Food Quality, 2011, 84, 102-110. [all data]

Mo, Fan, et al., 2009
Mo, X.; Fan, W.; Xu, Y., Changes in volatile compounds of Chinese rice wine wheat qu during fermentation and storage, J. of the Institute of Brewing, 2009, 115, 4, 300-307, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2050-0416.2009.tb00385.x . [all data]

Moon and Shibamoto, 2009
Moon, J.-K.; Shibamoto, T., Role of roasting conditions in the profile of volatile flavor chemicals formed from coffee beans, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 13, 5823-5831, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf901136e . [all data]

Zhao, Xu, et al., 2009
Zhao, Y.; Xu, Y.; Li, J.; Fan, W.; Jiang, W., Profile of volatile compounds in 11 brandies by headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Food. Sci., 2009, 74, 2, c90-c99, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.01029.x . [all data]

Kaypak and Avsar, 2008
Kaypak, D.; Avsar, Y.K., Volatile and odor-active compounds of tuzlu yoghurt, Asian J. Chem., 2008, 20, 5, 3641-3648. [all data]

Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008
Soria, A.C.; Sanz, J.; Martinez-Castro, I., SPME followed by GC-MS: a powerful technique for qualitative analysis of honey volatiles, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2008, 1-12. [all data]

Vichi, Romero, et al., 2008
Vichi, S.; Romero, A.; Tous, J.; Tamames, E.L.; Buxaderas, S., Determination of volatile phenols in virgin olive oil and their sensory significatnce, J. Chromatoghr. A., 2008, 1211, 1-2, 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.067 . [all data]

Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2007
Cros, S.; Vandanjon, L.; Jaouen, P.; Bourseau, P., Processing of Industrial Mussel Cooking Juices by Reverse Osmotis: Pollution Abatement and Aromas Recovery, 2007, retrieved from title of Internet file: [imstec064]. [all data]

Prososki, Etzel, et al., 2007
Prososki, R.A.; Etzel, M.R.; Rankin, S.A., Solvent type affects the number, distribution, and relative quantities of volatile compounds found in sweet whey powder, J. Dairy Sci., 2007, 90, 2, 523-531, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71535-7 . [all data]

Fan and Qian, 2006, 2
Fan, W.; Qian, M.C., Characterization of Aroma Compounds of Chinese Wuliangye and Jiannanchun Liquors by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 7, 2695-2704, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052635t . [all data]

Perestrelo, Fernandes, et al., 2006
Perestrelo, R.; Fernandes, A.; Albuquerque, F.F.; Marques, J.C.; Camara, J.S., Analytical characterization of the aroma of Tinta Negra Mole red wine: Identification of the main odorants compounds, Anal. Chim. Acta., 2006, 563, 1-2, 154-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.023 . [all data]

Wierda R.L., Fletcher G., et al., 2006
Wierda R.L.; Fletcher G.; Xu L.; Dufour J.P., Analysis of volatile compounds as spoilage indicators in fresh king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during storage using SPME-GC-MS, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 22, 8480-8490, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061377c . [all data]

de la Fuente, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2005
de la Fuente, E.; Martinez-Castro, I.; Sanz, J., Characterization of Spanish unifloral honeys by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Sep. Sci., 2005, 28, 9-10, 1093-1100, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200500018 . [all data]

Kurose and Yatagai, 2005
Kurose, K.; Yatagai, M., Components of the essential oils of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Azadirachta siamensis Velton, and Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs and their comparison, J. Wood Sci., 2005, 51, 2, 185-188, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-004-0640-4 . [all data]

Qian and Wang, 2005
Qian, M.C.; Wang, Y., Seasonal Variations of Volatile Composition and Odor Activity Value of Marion (Rubus spp. hyb) and Thornless Evergreen (R.laciniatus L.) Blackberries, J. Food. Sci., 2005, 70, 1, c13-c20, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09013.x . [all data]

Yao, Guo, et al., 2005
Yao, S.-S.; Guo, W.-F.; Lu, Y.; Jiang, Y.-X., Flavor Characteristics of Lapsang Souchong and Smoked Lapsang Souchong, a Special Chinese Black Tea with Pine Smoking Process, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 22, 8688-8693, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf058059i . [all data]

López, Ezpeleta, et al., 2004
López, R.; Ezpeleta, E.; Sánchez, I.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V., Analysis of the aroma intensities of volatile compounds released from mild acid hydrolysates of odourless precursors extracted from Tempranillo and Grenache grapes using gas chromatography-olfactometry, Food Chem., 2004, 88, 1, 95-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.01.025 . [all data]

Soria, Gonzalez, et al., 2004
Soria, A.C.; Gonzalez, M.; de Lorenzo, C.; Martinez-Castro, I.; Sanza, J., Characterization of artisanal honeys from Madrid (Central Spain) on the basis of their melissopalynological, physicochemical and volatile composition data, Food Chem., 2004, 85, 1, 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.06.012 . [all data]

Yanagimoto, Ochi, et al., 2004
Yanagimoto, K.; Ochi, H.; Lee, K.-G.; Shibamoto, T., Antioxidative activities of fractions obtained from brewed coffee, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 3, 592-596, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030317t . [all data]

Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003, 2
Cros, S.; Vandanjon, L.; Jaouen, P.; Bourseau, P., IMSTEC'03 Conference Proceedings, Processing of industrial mussel cooking juices by reverse osmosis: pollution abatement and aromas recovery, Universoty of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 2003, 6. [all data]

Miyazawa and Okuno, 2003
Miyazawa, M.; Okuno, Y., Volatile components from the roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl., Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 5, 398-400, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1232 . [all data]

Saura, LAencina, et al., 2003
Saura, D.; LAencina, J.; Perez-Lopez, A.J.; Lizama, V.; Carbonell-Barrachina, A.A., Aroma of canned peach halves acidified with clarified lemon juice, J. Food Sci., 2003, 68, 3, 1080-1085, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb08292.x . [all data]

Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003
Tanaka, T.; Yamauchi, T.; Katsumata, R.; Kiuchi, K., Comparison of volatile components in commercial Itohiki-Natto by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography, Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 2003, 50, 6, 278-285, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.50.278 . [all data]

Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003
Vichi, S.; Pizzale, L.; Conte, L.S.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E., Solid-phase microextraction in the analysis of virgin olive oil volatile fraction: characterization of virgin olive oils from two distinct geographical areas of Northern Italy, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 22, 6572-6577, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030269c . [all data]

Lecanu, Ducruet, et al., 2002
Lecanu, L.; Ducruet, V.; Jouquand, C.; Gratadoux, J.J.; Feigenbaum, A., Optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the odor analysis of surface-ripened cheese, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 13, 3810-3817, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0117107 . [all data]

Osorio, Duque, et al., 2002
Osorio, C.; Duque, C.; Suarez, M.; Salamanca, L.E.; Uruena, F., Free, glycosidically bound, and phosphate bound flavor constituents of badea (Passiflora quadrangularis) fruit pulp, J. Sep. Sci., 2002, 25, 3, 147-154, https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20020201)25:3<147::AID-JSSC147>3.0.CO;2-G . [all data]

Bendall, 2001
Bendall, J.G., Aroma compounds of fresh milk from New Zealand cows fed different diets, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 10, 4825-4832, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010334n . [all data]

Lee and Shibamoto, 2000
Lee, K.-G.; Shibamoto, T., Antioxidant properties of aroma compounds isolated from soybeans and mung beans, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 9, 4290-4293, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000442u . [all data]

Paniandy, Chane-Ming, et al., 2000
Paniandy, J.-C.; Chane-Ming, J.; Pierbattesti, J.-C., Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction of the Guava Fruit (Psidium guajava L.), J. Essent. Oil Res., 2000, 12, 153-158. [all data]

Parada, Duque, et al., 2000
Parada, F.; Duque, C.; Fujimoto, Y., Free and bound volatile composition and characterization of some glucoconjugates as aroma precursors in Melón de olor fruit pulp (Sicana odorifera), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 12, 6200-6204, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0007232 . [all data]

Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999
Iwatsuki, K.; Mizota, Y.; Kubota, T.; Nishimura, O.; Masuda, H.; Sotoyama, K.; Tomita, M., Aroma extract dilution analysis. Evluation of aroma of pasteurized and UHT processed milk by aroma extract dilution analysis, Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 1999, 46, 9, 587-597, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.46.587 . [all data]

Umano, Nakahara, et al., 1999
Umano, K.; Nakahara, K.; Shoji, A.; Shibamoto, T., Aroma chemicals isolated and identified from leaves of aloe arborescens Mill. Var. natalensis Berger, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 9, 3702-3705, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990116i . [all data]

Näf and Velluz, 1998
Näf, R.; Velluz, A., Phenols and lactones in Italo-Mitcham peppermint oil Mentha × piperita L., Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 3, 203-208, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199805/06)13:3<203::AID-FFJ725>3.0.CO;2-0 . [all data]

Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997
Sekiwa, Y.; Kubota, K.; Kobayashi, A., Characteristic flavor components in the brew of cooked clam (Meretrix lusoria) and the effect of storage on flavor formation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 3, 826-830, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960433e . [all data]

Kubota, Matsujage, et al., 1996
Kubota, K.; Matsujage, Y.; Sekiwa, Y.; Kobayashi, A., Identification of the characteristic volatile flavor compounds formed by cooking squid (Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup), Food Sci. Technol., 1996, 2, 3, 163-166. [all data]

Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996
Shuichi, H.; Masazumi, N.; Hiromu, K.; Kiyoshi, F., Comparison of volatile compounds berween the crude drugs, Onji-tsutsu and Onji-niki, Nippon nogei kagaku kaishi, 1996, 70, 2, 151-160. [all data]

Kawakami, Ganguly, et al., 1995
Kawakami, M.; Ganguly, S.N.; Banerjee, J.; Kobayashi, A., Aroma composition of oolong tea and black tea by brewed extraction method and characterizing compounds of Darjeeling tea aroma, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 1, 200-207, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00049a037 . [all data]

Kawakami, Kobayashi, et al., 1993
Kawakami, M.; Kobayashi, A.; Kator, K., Volatile constituents of Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) as affected by extraction process, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 4, 633-636, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00028a023 . [all data]

Hatsuko, Kazuko, et al., 1992
Hatsuko, S.; Kazuko, H.; Masayoshi, K.; Yoshiaki, I., Improvement of quality of likorine extract by heat treatment, J. Food Sci. Technol., 1992, 39, 11, 976-983, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.39.976 . [all data]

Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991
Kawakami, M.; Kobayashi, A., Volatitle constituents of greem mate and roasted mate, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 7, 1275-1279, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00007a016 . [all data]

Kubota, Nakamoto, et al., 1991
Kubota, K.; Nakamoto, A.; Moriguchi, M.; Kobayashi, A.; Ishii, H., Formation of pyrrolidino[1,2-e]-4H-2,4-dimethyl-1,3,5-dithiazine in the volatiles of boiled short-necked clam, clam, and corbicula, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 6, 1127-1130, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00006a027 . [all data]

Hsieh, Williams, et al., 1989
Hsieh, T.C.Y.; Williams, S.S.; Vejaphan, W.; Meyers, S.P., Characterization of Volatile Components of Menhaden Fish (Brevoortia tyrannus) Oil, J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 1989, 66, 1, 114-117, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02661797 . [all data]

Andersen J.F., Mikolajczak K.L., et al., 1987
Andersen J.F.; Mikolajczak K.L.; Reed D.K., Analysis of peach bark volatiles and their electroantennogram activity with lesser pechtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson), J. Chem. Ecol., 1987, 13, 11, 2103-2114, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01012874 . [all data]

Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012
Welke, J.E.; Manfroi, V.; Zanus, M.; Lazarotto, M.; Zini, C.A., Characterization of the volatile profile of Brazilian merlot wines through comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 2012, 1226, 124-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.002 . [all data]

Xiao, Dai, et al., 2011
Xiao, Z.; Dai, S.; Niu, Y.; Yu, H.; Zhu, J.; Tian, H.; Gu, Y., Discrimination of Chinese vinegars based on headspace solid-phase microextraction - gas chromatography mass spectrometry of volatile compounds and multivariate analysis, J. Food Sci., 2011, 76, 8, c1125-c1135, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02356.x . [all data]

Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 2010
Vekiari, S.A.; Orepoulou, V.; Kourkoutas, Y.; Kamoun, N.; Msallem, M.; Psimouli, V.; Arapoglou, D., Characterization and seasonal variations of the quality of virgin olive oil of the Thoumbolia and Koroneiki varieties from Southern Greece, Grasas y Aceites, 2010, 61, 3, 221-231, https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.108709 . [all data]

Tao, Wenlai, et al., 2008
Tao, L.; Wenlai, F.; Yan, X., Characterization of volatile and semi-volatile compounds in Chinese rica wines by headspace solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, J. Inst. Brew., 2008, 114, 2, 172-179, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2050-0416.2008.tb00323.x . [all data]

Zhang, Zhang, et al., 2008
Zhang, C.; Zhang, H.; Wang, L.; Guo, X., Effect of carrot (Daucus carota) antifreeze proteins on texture preperties of frozen dough and volatile compounds of crumb, Food. Sci. Technol. (Lebesmittel-Wissenschaft und Technologie), 2008, 41, 6, 1029-1036, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2007.07.010 . [all data]

Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007
Gonzalez-Rios, O.; Suarez-Quiroz, M.L.; Boulanger, R.; Barel, M.; Guyot, B.; Guiraud, J.-P.; Schorr-Galindo, S., Impact of ecological post-harvest processing of coffee aroma: II Roasted coffee., J. Food Composition Analysis, 2007, 20, 3-4, 297-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2006.12.004 . [all data]

Tian, Zhang, et al., 2007
Tian, Y.; Zhang, X.; Huang, T.; Zou, K.; Zhou, J., Research advances on the essential oils from leaves of Eucalyptus, Food Fermentation Ind. (Chinese), 2007, 33, 10, 143-147. [all data]

Vichi, Guadayol, et al., 2007
Vichi, S.; Guadayol, J.M.; Caixach, J.; López-Tamames, E.; Buxaderas, S., Analytical, Nutritional, and Clinical Methods. Comparative study of different extraction techniques for the analysis of virgin olive oil aroma, Food Chem., 2007, 105, 3, 1171-1178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.02.018 . [all data]

Zhang C., Zhang H., et al., 2007
Zhang C.; Zhang H.; Wang L.; Gao H.; Guo X.N.; Yao H.Y., Improvement of texture properties and flavor of frozen dough by carrot (Daucus carota) antifreeze protein supplementation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 23, 9620-9626, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0717034 . [all data]

Krings, Zelena, et al., 2006
Krings, U.; Zelena, K.; Wu, S.; Berger, R.G., Thin-layer high-vacuum distillation to isolate volatile flavour compounds of cocoa powder, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2006, 223, 5, 675-681, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0252-x . [all data]

Piasenzotto, Gracco, et al., 2003
Piasenzotto, L.; Gracco, L.; Conte, L., Solid phase microextraction (SPME) applied to honey quality control, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2003, 83, 10, 1037-1044, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1502 . [all data]

Mayorga, Knapp, et al., 2001
Mayorga, H.; Knapp, H.; Winterhalter, P.; Duque, C., Glycosidically bound flavor compounds of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 4, 1904-1908, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0011743 . [all data]

Caldentey, Daria Fumi, et al., 1998
Caldentey, P.; Daria Fumi, M.; Mazzoleni, V.; Careri, M., Volatile compounds produced by microorganisms isolated from cork, Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 3, 185-188, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199805/06)13:3<185::AID-FFJ723>3.0.CO;2-W . [all data]

Lizárraga-Guerra, Guth, et al., 1997
Lizárraga-Guerra, R.; Guth, H.; López, M.G., Identification of the most potent odorants in huitlacoche (Ustilago maydis) and austern pilzen (Pleurotus sp.) by aroma extract dilution analysis and static head-space samples, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 4, 1329-1332, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960650f . [all data]

Peng, Yang, et al., 1991, 2
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F., Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F . [all data]

Wang, Hou, et al., 2007
Wang, G.; Hou, Z.; Sun, Y.; Liu, Y.; Xie, B.; Liu, S., Investigation of pyrolysis behavior of fenoxycarb using PY-GC-MS assisted with chemometric methods, Chem. Anal., 2007, 52, 141-156. [all data]

Shao, Wang, et al., 2006
Shao, X.; Wang, G.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, R.; Xie, K.; Liu, H., Determination and Characterization of the Pyrolysis Products of Isoprocarb by GC-MS, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2006, 44, 3, 141-147, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/44.3.141 . [all data]

Williams and Horne, 1995
Williams, P.T.; Horne, P.A., Analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in pyrolytic oil derived from biomass, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 1995, 31, 15-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(94)00814-H . [all data]

Donnelly, Abdel-Hamid, et al., 1993
Donnelly, J.R.; Abdel-Hamid, M.S.; Jeter, J.L.; Gurka, D.F., Application of gas chromatographic retention properties to the identification of environmental contaminants, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 642, 1-2, 409-415, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80106-I . [all data]

Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007
Fuentes, M.J.; Font, R.; Gomez-Rico, M.F.; Martin-Gullon, I., Pyrolysis and combustion of waste lubricant oil from diesel cars: Decomposition and pollutants, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 2007, 79, 1-2, 215-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2006.12.004 . [all data]

Aracil, Font, et al., 2005
Aracil, I.; Font, R.; Conesa, J.A., Semivolatile and volatile compounds from the pyrolysis and combustion of polyvinyl chloride, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 2005, 74, 1-2, 465-478, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2004.09.008 . [all data]

Eckel, Ross, et al., 1993
Eckel, W.P.; Ross, B.; Isensee, R.K., Pentobarbital found in ground water, Ground Water, 1993, 31, 5, 801-804, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00853.x . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References