Carbon Tetrachloride
- Formula: CCl4
- Molecular weight: 153.823
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 56-23-5
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Methane, tetrachloro-; Benzinoform; Carbon chloride (CCl4); Carbona; Fasciolin; Flukoids; Freon 10; Necatorina; Perchloromethane; Tetrachlorocarbon; Tetrachloromethane; Tetrafinol; Tetraform; Tetrasol; Univerm; Vermoestricid; CCl4; Benzenoform; Carbon tet; Methane tetrachloride; Czterochlorek wegla; ENT 4,705; Halon 1040; Necatorine; R 10; Tetrachloorkoolstof; Tetrachloormetaan; Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, tetra; Tetrachlormethan; Tetrachlorure de carbone; Tetraclorometano; Tetracloruro di carbonio; Chlorid uhlicity; ENT 27164; Rcra waste number U211; UN 1846; Katharin; Seretin; Thawpit; NSC 97063; R 10 (Refrigerant)
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -25. ± 5. | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 6 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°gas,1 bar | 74.008 | cal/mol*K | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in December, 1968 |
Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 +
E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 +
C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 −
E/(2*t2) + G
Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | 298. to 6000. |
---|---|
A | 24.64469 |
B | 1.001110 |
C | -0.269234 |
D | 0.022867 |
E | -0.458801 |
F | -31.86800 |
G | 100.9640 |
H | -22.94000 |
Reference | Chase, 1998 |
Comment | Data last reviewed in December, 1968 |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
B - John E. Bartmess
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 11.47 ± 0.01 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Electron affinity determinations
EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
0.80 ± 0.34 | IMRB | Staneke, Groothuis, et al., 1995 | EA > EA(CH2S-.), and Cl-A(CCl3.) < Cl-A(CCl4); B |
2.00 ± 0.20 | NBIE | Lacmann, Maneira, et al., 1983 | B |
2.00 ± 0.20 | NBIE | Dispert and Lacmann, 1978 | B |
2.12 ± 0.10 | SI | Gaines, Kay, et al., 1966 | The Magnetron method, lacking mass analysis, is not considered reliable.; B |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
11.5 ± 0.1 | EI | Kime, Driscoll, et al., 1987 | LBLHLM |
11.3 | PE | Von Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982 | LBLHLM |
11.47 ± 0.08 | PE | Bassett and Lloyd, 1971 | LLK |
11.47 | PE | Dewar and Worley, 1969 | RDSH |
11.47 ± 0.01 | PI | Watanabe, 1957 | RDSH |
11.0 ± 1.0 | EI | Baker and Tate, 1938 | RDSH |
11.69 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | Vertical value; LLK |
11.69 | PE | Dixon, Murrell, et al., 1971 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.
Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1998. |
NIST MS number | 291258 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 680.5 | Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000 | He; Column length: 3.3 m |
Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 660. | Dewulf, Van Langenhove, et al., 1997 | 30. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, He |
Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 680.7 | Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992 | Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m |
Packed | Apolane | 130. | 680. | Dutoit, 1991 | Column length: 3.7 m |
Packed | OV-1 | 100. | 667. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | OV-1 | 125. | 673. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | OV-1 | 75. | 662. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | Squalane | 80. | 648. | Pacáková, Vojtechová, et al., 1988 | N2, Chezasorb AW-HMDS; Column length: 1.2 m |
Packed | SE-30 | 150. | 680. | Tiess, 1984 | Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Packed | SE-30 | 100. | 672. | Winskowski, 1983 | Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m |
Packed | Porapack Q | 200. | 628. | Goebel, 1982 | N2 |
Packed | Apolane | 70. | 663.1 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Squalane | 50. | 647. | Vernon, 1971 | N2 |
Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 679. | Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968 | N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m |
Packed | DC-200 | 100. | 669. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 4. m |
Packed | Squalane | 100. | 656. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 5. m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 682. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 5. m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 130. | 691. | von Kováts, 1958 | Celite (40:60 Gewichtsverhaltnis) |
Packed | Apiezon L | 70. | 671. | von Kováts, 1958 | Celite (40:60 Gewichtsverhaltnis) |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | CBP-1 | 657. | Shimadzu, 2003 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | SP-1000 | 100. | 900.66 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | SP-1000 | 125. | 902.2 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | SP-1000 | 75. | 886.54 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 75. | 888. | Goebel, 1982 | N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 100. | 895. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 2. m |
Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | CBP-20 | 868. | Shimadzu, 2003 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-1 | 645.7 | Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 661. | Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.33 mm/0.25 μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | SE-54 | 663. | Weber, 1986 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.17 μm, H2, 2. K/min; Tstart: 35. C |
Capillary | OV-1 | 652. | Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1976 | 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Column diameter: 0.762 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 230. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 879. | Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min) |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 661. | Shimadzu, 2003, 2 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He |
Packed | Synachrom | 150. | 611. | Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971 | Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m |
Packed | Synachrom | 150. | 618. | Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971 | Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m |
Packed | Squalane | 100. | 651. | Vernon, 1971 | N2 |
Packed | DC-400 | 150. | 675. | Anderson, 1968 | Helium, Gas-Pak (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3.0 m |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | SE-30 | 659. | MHA, 9999 | Nitrogen, Chromosorb G AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 656. | Isidorov and Jdanova, 2002 | 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | BP-1 | 663. | Health Safety Executive, 2000 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | SE-54 | 661. | Huang, Liang, et al., 1996 | 36. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 654. | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 645. | Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1991 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 645. | Habu, Flath, et al., 1985 | 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 250. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 658. | Zenkevich, 2001 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 661. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 664. | Sorimachi, Tanabe, et al., 1995 | He; Column length: 30. m; Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 658. | Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-1 | 645. | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-1 | 645. | Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 661. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 659. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 664. | Weller and Wolf, 1989 | 40. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 646. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 658. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 672. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 673. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1 | 659. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SE-30 | 649. | Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Program: -10C (8min) => 12C/min => 26C => 3C/min => 170C (30min) |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 60. | 908. | Shimadzu, 2003, 2 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 900. | Shimadzu, 2012 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 900. | Shimadzu Corporation, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Supelcowax 10 | 864. | Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2008 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min) |
Capillary | Polyethylene Glycol | 886. | Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc. | 888. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 886. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Polyethylene Glycol | 872. | MacLeod and Pieris, 1981 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr.,
NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]
Staneke, Groothuis, et al., 1995
Staneke, P.O.; Groothuis, G.; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M.,
Formation, stability and structure of radical anions of chloroform, tetrachloromethane and fluorotrichloromethane in the gas phase,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1995, 142, 1-2, 83, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(94)04127-S
. [all data]
Lacmann, Maneira, et al., 1983
Lacmann, K.; Maneira, M.J.P.; Moutinho, A.M.C.; Weigman, U.,
Total and Double Differential Cross Sections of Ion- Pair Formations in Collisions of K Atoms with SnCl4 and CCl4,
J. Chem. Phys., 1983, 78, 1767. [all data]
Dispert and Lacmann, 1978
Dispert, H.; Lacmann, K.,
Negative ion formation in collisions between potassium and fluoro- and chloromethanes: Electron affinities and bond dissociation energies,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 28, 49. [all data]
Gaines, Kay, et al., 1966
Gaines, A.F.; Kay, J.; Page, F.M.,
Determination of Electron Affinities. Part 8. - CCl4, CHCl3, and CH2Cl2,
Trans. Farad. Soc., 1966, 62, 874, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9666200874
. [all data]
Kime, Driscoll, et al., 1987
Kime, Y.J.; Driscoll, D.C.; Dowben, P.A.,
The stability of the carbon tetrahalide ions,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1987, 83, 403. [all data]
Von Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982
Von Niessen, W.; Asbrink, L.; Bieri, G.,
30.4 nm He(II) Photoelectron spectra of organic molecules. Part VI. Halogeno-compounds (C,H,X: X = Cl, Br, I),
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 26, 173. [all data]
Bassett and Lloyd, 1971
Bassett, P.J.; Lloyd, D.R.,
Photoelectron spectra of halides. Part I. Tetrafluorides and tetrachlorides of group IVB,
J. Chem. Soc., 1971, (A), 641. [all data]
Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D.,
Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation,
J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]
Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]
Baker and Tate, 1938
Baker, R.F.; Tate, J.T.,
Ionization and dissociation by electron impact in CCl2F2 and in CCl4 vapor,
Phys. Rev., 1938, 53, 683. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]
Dixon, Murrell, et al., 1971
Dixon, R.N.; Murrell, J.N.; Narayan, B.,
The photoelectron spectra of the halomethanes,
Mol. Phys., 1971, 20, 611. [all data]
Burton, Chan, et al., 1994
Burton, G.R.; Chan, W.F.; Cooper, G.; Brion, C.E.,
Valence- and inner-shell (Cl 2p, 2s; C1s) photoabsorption and photoionization of carbon tetrachloride. Absolute oscillator strengths (5-400 eV) and dipole-induced breakdown pathways,
Chem. Phys., 1994, 181, 147. [all data]
Reed and Snedden, 1958
Reed, R.I.; Snedden, W.,
Studies in electron impact methods. Part 2. The latent heat of sublimation of carbon,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1958, 54, 301. [all data]
Blanchard and LeGoff, 1957
Blanchard, L.P.; LeGoff, P.,
Mass spectrometric study of the species CS, SO, and CCl2 produced in primary heterogeneous reactions,
Can. J. Chem., 1957, 35, 89. [all data]
Shapiro and Lossing, 1968
Shapiro, J.S.; Lossing, F.P.,
Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XXXVII. The ionization potential and heat of formation of dichlorocarbene,
J. Phys. Chem., 1968, 72, 1552. [all data]
Werner, Tsai, et al., 1974
Werner, A.S.; Tsai, B.P.; Baer, T.,
Photoionization study of the ionization potentials fragmentation paths of the chlorinated methanes carbon tetrabromide,
J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 3650. [all data]
Lossing, 1972
Lossing, F.P.,
Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLIV. Ionization potentials bond dissociation energies for chloro-and fluoromethyl radicals,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1972, 81, 125. [all data]
Fox and Curran, 1961
Fox, R.E.; Curran, R.K.,
Ionization processes in CCl4 and SF6 by electron beams,
J. Chem. Phys., 1961, 34, 1595. [all data]
Farmer, Henderson, et al., 1956
Farmer, J.B.; Henderson, I.H.S.; Lossing, F.P.; Marsden, D.G.H.,
Free radicals by mass spectrometry. IX. Ionization potentials of CF3 and CCl3 radicals and bond dissociation energies in some derivatives,
J. Chem. Phys., 1956, 24, 348. [all data]
Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000
Dallos, A.; Sisak, A.; Kulcsár, Z.; Kováts, E.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography VII. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with secondary alcohol groups,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 904, 2, 211-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00908-0
. [all data]
Dewulf, Van Langenhove, et al., 1997
Dewulf, J.; Van Langenhove, H.; Everaert, M.,
Solid-phase microextraction of volatile organic compounds estimation of the sorption equilibrium from the Kováts index, effect of salinity and humic acids and the study of the kinetics by the development of an agitated/static layer model,
J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 761, 1-2, 205-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00810-2
. [all data]
Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups,
J. Chromatogr., 1992, 609, 1-2, 229-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80167-S
. [all data]
Dutoit, 1991
Dutoit, J.,
Gas chromatographic retention behaviour of some solutes on structurally similar polar and non-polar stationary phases,
J. Chromatogr., 1991, 555, 1-2, 191-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87179-X
. [all data]
Castello and Gerbino, 1988
Castello, G.; Gerbino, T.C.,
Effect of Temperature on the Gas Chromatographic Separation of Halogenated Compounds on Polar and Non-Polar Stationary Phases,
J. Chromatogr., 1988, 437, 33-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90369-8
. [all data]
Pacáková, Vojtechová, et al., 1988
Pacáková, V.; Vojtechová, H.; Coufal, P.,
Reaction gas chromatography: study of the photodecomposition of halogenated hydrocarbons,
Chromatographia, 1988, 25, 7, 621-626, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02327659
. [all data]
Tiess, 1984
Tiess, D.,
Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelflüchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30,
Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 6-9. [all data]
Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J.,
Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren,
Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041
. [all data]
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Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy S°gas,1 bar Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar) ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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