Benzene, fluoro-
- Formula: C6H5F
- Molecular weight: 96.1023
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 462-06-6
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Fluorobenzene; Monofluorobenzene; Phenyl fluoride; UN 2387; Fluorobenzenes
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Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
View reactions leading to C6H5F+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 9.20 ± 0.01 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 755.9 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 726.6 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
9.20 | PE | Fujisawa, Ohno, et al., 1986 | LBLHLM |
9.20 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | LLK |
9.22 | PE | Sell, Mintz, et al., 1978 | LLK |
9.17 | PE | Behan, Johnstone, et al., 1976 | LLK |
9.75 | EI | Baldwin, Loudon, et al., 1976 | LLK |
9.11 | PE | Debies and Rabalais, 1973 | LLK |
9.20 | S | Smith and Raymonda, 1971 | LLK |
9.20 | S | Gilbert and Sandorfy, 1971 | LLK |
9.182 | PI | Momigny, Goffart, et al., 1968 | RDSH |
9.21 ± 0.04 | PE | Clark and Frost, 1967 | RDSH |
9.20 ± 0.01 | PI | Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
9.20 | PI | Bralsford, Harris, et al., 1960 | RDSH |
9.200 ± 0.005 | S | Hammond, Price, et al., 1950 | RDSH |
9.22 | PE | Sell and Kupperman, 1978 | Vertical value; LLK |
9.37 | PE | Kobayashi, 1978 | Vertical value; LLK |
9.19 | PE | Streets and Ceasar, 1973 | Vertical value; LLK |
9.35 ± 0.03 | PE | Klessinger, 1972 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C2H3F+ | 16.13 ± 0.13 | C4H2 | PIPECO | Nishimura, Meisels, et al., 1991 | LL |
C3H2F+ | 15.13 ± 0.13 | C3H3 | PIPECO | Nishimura, Meisels, et al., 1991 | LL |
C3H2F+ | 15.8 ± 0.1 | ? | EI | Momigny, 1959 | RDSH |
C3H3+ | 15.13 ± 0.13 | C3H2F | PIPECO | Nishimura, Meisels, et al., 1991 | LL |
C3H3+ | 14.3 ± 0.1 | ? | EI | Momigny, 1959 | RDSH |
C4H2+ | 15.13 ± 0.13 | C2H3F | PIPECO | Nishimura, Meisels, et al., 1991 | LL |
C4H3F+ | 13.14 ± 0.05 | C2H2 | PIPECO | Nishimura, Meisels, et al., 1991 | LL |
C4H3F+ | 14.73 | C2H2 | EI | Howe and Williams, 1969 | RDSH |
C4H4+ | 15.90 ± 0.09 | C2HF | PIPECO | Nishimura, Meisels, et al., 1991 | LL |
C4H4+ | 17.0 ± 0.1 | ? | EI | Momigny, 1959 | RDSH |
C5H2F+ | 16.13 ± 0.13 | CH3 | PIPECO | Nishimura, Meisels, et al., 1991 | LL |
C5H3+ | 15.13 ± 0.13 | CH2F | PIPECO | Nishimura, Meisels, et al., 1991 | LL |
C6H4+ | 15.4 ± 0.1 | HF | EI | Momigny, 1959 | RDSH |
C6H4F+ | 14.1 | H | EI | Yeo and Williams, 1970 | RDSH |
C6H5+ | 13.10 ± 0.05 | F | PIPECO | Nishimura, Meisels, et al., 1991 | LL |
C6H5+ | 14.5 ± 0.1 | F | EI | Majer and Patrick, 1962 | RDSH |
De-protonation reactions
C6H4F- + =
By formula: C6H4F- + H+ = C6H5F
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1618. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Buker, Nibbering, et al., 1997 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 1620. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Andrade and Riveros, 1996 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 1620. ± 10. | kJ/mol | TDEq | Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988 | gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B |
ΔrH° | 1620. ± 10. | kJ/mol | Bran | Wenthold and Squires, 1995 | gas phase; By HO- cleavage of substituted silanes; B |
ΔrH° | 1620. ± 23. | kJ/mol | G+TS | Briscese and Riveros, 1975 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1584. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Buker, Nibbering, et al., 1997 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 1586. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Andrade and Riveros, 1996 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 1585. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | TDEq | Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988 | gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B |
ΔrG° | 1586. ± 11. | kJ/mol | H-TS | Wenthold and Squires, 1995 | gas phase; By HO- cleavage of substituted silanes; B |
ΔrG° | 1586. ± 22. | kJ/mol | IMRB | Briscese and Riveros, 1975 | gas phase; B |
C6H4F- + =
By formula: C6H4F- + H+ = C6H5F
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1671.9 ± 3.8 | kJ/mol | Bran | Wenthold and Squires, 1995 | gas phase; By HO- cleavage of substituted silanes; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1639. ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | H-TS | Wenthold and Squires, 1995 | gas phase; By HO- cleavage of substituted silanes; B |
C6H4F- + =
By formula: C6H4F- + H+ = C6H5F
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1654. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | Bran | Wenthold and Squires, 1995 | gas phase; By HO- cleavage of substituted silanes; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1619. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | H-TS | Wenthold and Squires, 1995 | gas phase; By HO- cleavage of substituted silanes; B |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 664.9 | Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000 | He; Column length: 3.3 m |
Packed | OV-101 | 100. | 671.5 | Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m |
Packed | OV-101 | 110. | 672.6 | Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m |
Packed | OV-101 | 80. | 663.2 | Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m |
Packed | OV-101 | 90. | 668. | Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m |
Packed | OV-101 | 120. | 673.9 | Hassani and Meklati, 1992 | N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 5. m |
Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 664.6 | Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992 | Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m |
Packed | Apolane | 130. | 666. | Dutoit, 1991 | Column length: 3.7 m |
Packed | Apolane | 150. | 680. | Evans and Haken, 1987 | He, Chromosorb G AW DCMS; Column length: 3.7 m |
Packed | Apolane | 150. | 680. | Haken and Vernon, 1986 | Chromosorb G AW DCMS; Column length: 3.7 m |
Packed | SE-30 | 180. | 671. | Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1984 | N2, Chromosorb W AW; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | Apolane | 70. | 651.3 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Squalane | 100. | 643. | Vernon and Edwards, 1975 | N2, DCMS-treated Celite; Column length: 1. m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 130. | 681. | Wehrli and Kováts, 1959 | Celite; Column length: 2.25 m |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | Apiezon M | 664.1 | Jalali-Heravi and Garkani-Nejad, 1993 | Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m; Program: not specified |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 150. | 996. | Haken and Vernon, 1986 | Chromosorb G AW DCMS; Column length: 3.7 m; Column diameter: 6.4 mm |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | SPB-5 | 674. | Engel and Ratel, 2007 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | SPB-5 | 674. | Deport, Ratel, et al., 2006 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 659.4 | Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | OV-1 | 654.4 | Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996 | 8. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 300. C |
Packed | SE-30 | 664. | Peng, Ding, et al., 1988 | He, Supelcoport and Chromosorb, 40. C @ 4. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min; Column length: 3.05 m |
Packed | SE-30 | 664. | Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984 | He, Chromosorb AW, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 992. | Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984 | He, Supelcoport, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 663. | Zenkevich, 2005 | 25. m/0.20 mm/0.10 μm, N2/He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 674. | Ebrahimi and Hadjmohammadi, 2006 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 681. | N/A | Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-5 | 684. | Sorimachi, Tanabe, et al., 1995 | He; Column length: 30. m; Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Fujisawa, Ohno, et al., 1986
Fujisawa, S.; Ohno, K.; Masuda, S.; Harada, Y.,
Penning ionization electron spectroscopy of monohalogenobenzenes: C6H5F, C6H5Cl, C6H5Br, and C6H5I,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 6505. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]
Sell, Mintz, et al., 1978
Sell, J.A.; Mintz, D.M.; Kupperman, A.,
Photoelectron angular distributions of carbon-carbon π electrons in ethylene, benzene, and their fluorinated derivatives,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1978, 58, 601. [all data]
Behan, Johnstone, et al., 1976
Behan, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A.W.; Bentley, T.W.,
An evaluation of empirical methods for calculating the ionization potentials of substituted benzenes,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1976, 11, 207. [all data]
Baldwin, Loudon, et al., 1976
Baldwin, M.A.; Loudon, A.G.; Maccoll, A.; Webb, K.S.,
The nature and fragmentation pathways of the molecular ions of some arylureas, arylthioureas, acetanilides, thioacetanilides and related compounds,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1976, 11, 1181. [all data]
Debies and Rabalais, 1973
Debies, T.P.; Rabalais, J.W.,
Photoelectron spectra of substituted benzenes. II. Seven valence electron substituents,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 1, 355. [all data]
Smith and Raymonda, 1971
Smith, D.R.; Raymonda, J.W.,
Rydberg states in fluorinated benzenes; hexa-, penta-, and mono- fluorobenzene,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1971, 12, 269. [all data]
Gilbert and Sandorfy, 1971
Gilbert, R.; Sandorfy, C.,
The vacuum-ultraviolet spectrum of fluorobenzene,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1971, 9, 121. [all data]
Momigny, Goffart, et al., 1968
Momigny, J.; Goffart, C.; D'Or, L.,
Photoionization studies by total ionization measurements. I. Benzene and its monohalogeno derivatives,
Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 53. [all data]
Clark and Frost, 1967
Clark, I.D.; Frost, D.C.,
A study of the energy levels in benzene and some fluorobenzenes by photoelectron spectroscopy,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1967, 89, 244. [all data]
Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]
Bralsford, Harris, et al., 1960
Bralsford, R.; Harris, P.V.; Price, W.C.,
The effect of fluorine on the electronic spectra and ionization potentials of molecules,
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1960, A258, 459. [all data]
Hammond, Price, et al., 1950
Hammond, V.J.; Price, W.C.; Teegan, J.P.; Walsh, A.D.,
The absorption spectra of some substituted benzenes and naphthalenes in the vacuum ultra-violet,
Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1950, 9, 53. [all data]
Sell and Kupperman, 1978
Sell, J.A.; Kupperman, A.,
Angular distributions in the photoelectron spectra of benzene and its monohalogenated derivatives,
Chem. Phys., 1978, 33, 367. [all data]
Kobayashi, 1978
Kobayashi, T.,
A simple general tendency in photoelectron angular distributions of some monosubstituted benzenes,
Phys. Lett., 1978, 69, 105. [all data]
Streets and Ceasar, 1973
Streets, D.G.; Ceasar, G.P.,
Inductive mesomeric effects on the π orbitals of halobenzenes,
Mol. Phys., 1973, 26, 1037. [all data]
Klessinger, 1972
Klessinger, M.,
Ionization potentials of substituted benzenes,
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1972, 11, 525. [all data]
Nishimura, Meisels, et al., 1991
Nishimura, T.; Meisels, G.; Niwa, Y.,
Fragmentation of energy-selected fluorobenzene ion,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1991, 64, 2894. [all data]
Momigny, 1959
Momigny, J.,
Determination et discussion des potentials d'apparition d'ions fragmentaires dans le benzene et ses derives monohalogenes,
Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege, 1959, 28, 251. [all data]
Howe and Williams, 1969
Howe, I.; Williams, D.H.,
Calculation and qualitative predictions of mass spectra. Mono- and paradisubstituted benzenes,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1969, 91, 7137. [all data]
Yeo and Williams, 1970
Yeo, A.N.H.; Williams, D.H.,
Rearrangement in the molecular ions of halogenotoluenes prior to fragmentation in the mass spectrometer,
Chem. Commun., 1970, 886. [all data]
Majer and Patrick, 1962
Majer, J.R.; Patrick, C.R.,
Electron impact on some halogenated aromatic compounds,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1962, 58, 17. [all data]
Buker, Nibbering, et al., 1997
Buker, H.H.; Nibbering, N.M.M.; Espinosa, D.; Mongin, F.; Schlosser, M.,
Additivity of substituent effects in the fluoroarene series: Equilibrium acidity in the gas phase and deprotonation rates in ethereal solution,
Tetrahed. Lett., 1997, 38, 49, 8519-8522, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(97)10303-3
. [all data]
Andrade and Riveros, 1996
Andrade, P.B.M.; Riveros, J.M.,
Relative Gas-phase Acidities of Fluoro- and Chlorobenzene,
J. Mass Spectrom., 1996, 31, 7, 767, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199607)31:7<767::AID-JMS345>3.0.CO;2-Q
. [all data]
Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988
Meot-ner, M.; Kafafi, S.A.,
Carbon Acidities of Aromatic Compounds,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 19, 6297, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00227a003
. [all data]
Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997
Kiefer, J.H.; Zhang, Q.; Kern, R.D.; Yao, J.; Jursic, B.,
Pyrolysis of Aromatic Azines: Pyrazine, Pyrimidine, and Pyridine,
J. Phys. Chem. A, 1997, 101, 38, 7061, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp970211z
. [all data]
Wenthold and Squires, 1995
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R.,
Determination of the gas-phase acidities of halogen-substituted aromatic compounds using the silane-cleavage method,
J. Mass Spectrom., 1995, 30, 1, 17, https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190300105
. [all data]
Briscese and Riveros, 1975
Briscese, S.M.J.; Riveros, J.M.,
Gas phase nucleophilic reactions of aromatic systems,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 230. [all data]
Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000
Dallos, A.; Sisak, A.; Kulcsár, Z.; Kováts, E.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography VII. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with secondary alcohol groups,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 904, 2, 211-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00908-0
. [all data]
Righezza, Hassani, et al., 1996
Righezza, M.; Hassani, A.; Meklati, B.Y.; Chrétien, J.R.,
Quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRR) of congeneric aromatics series studied on phenyl OV phases in gas chromatography,
J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 723, 1, 77-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00816-0
. [all data]
Hassani and Meklati, 1992
Hassani, A.; Meklati, B.Y.,
Gas chromatographic behaviour of monosubstituted benzenes, benzaldehydes and acetophenones on OV polymethylphenyl-silicone stationary phases,
Chromatographia, 1992, 33, 5/6, 267-271, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02276193
. [all data]
Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups,
J. Chromatogr., 1992, 609, 1-2, 229-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80167-S
. [all data]
Dutoit, 1991
Dutoit, J.,
Gas chromatographic retention behaviour of some solutes on structurally similar polar and non-polar stationary phases,
J. Chromatogr., 1991, 555, 1-2, 191-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87179-X
. [all data]
Evans and Haken, 1987
Evans, M.B.; Haken, J.K.,
Dispersion and selectivity indices of the halogenated derivatives of cyclohexane, benzene and anisole,
J. Chromatogr., 1987, 389, 240-244, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94428-0
. [all data]
Haken and Vernon, 1986
Haken, J.K.; Vernon, F.,
Gas chromatography of halogenated derivatives of cyclohexane, benzene and anisole,
J. Chromatogr., 1986, 361, 57-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)86893-X
. [all data]
Oszczapowicz, Osek, et al., 1984
Oszczapowicz, J.; Osek, J.; Dolecka, E.,
Retention indices of dimethylformamidines, dimethylacetamidines and tetramethylguanidines on a non-polar column,
J. Chromatogr., 1984, 315, 95-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90727-7
. [all data]
Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976
Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarján, G.; Kováts, E.Sz.,
A tailor-made C87 hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography,
J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 63-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84063-2
. [all data]
Vernon and Edwards, 1975
Vernon, F.; Edwards, G.T.,
Gas-liquid chromatography on fluorinated stationary phases. I. Hydrocarbons and fluorocarbons,
J. Chromatogr., 1975, 110, 1, 73-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91212-3
. [all data]
Wehrli and Kováts, 1959
Wehrli, A.; Kováts, E.,
Gas-chromatographische Charakterisierung ogranischer Verbindungen. Teil 3: Berechnung der Retentionsindices aliphatischer, alicyclischer und aromatischer Verbindungen,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1959, 7, 7, 2709-2736, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19590420745
. [all data]
Jalali-Heravi and Garkani-Nejad, 1993
Jalali-Heravi, M.; Garkani-Nejad, Z.,
Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of some benzene derivatives,
J. Chromatogr., 1993, 648, 2, 389-393, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80421-4
. [all data]
Engel and Ratel, 2007
Engel, E.; Ratel, J.,
Correction of the data generated by mass spectrometry analyses of biological tissues: Application to food authentication,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1154, 1-2, 331-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.012
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Deport, Ratel, et al., 2006
Deport, C.; Ratel, J.; Berdagué, J.-L.; Engel, E.,
Comprehensive combinatory standard correction: A calibration method for handling instrumental drifts of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1116, 1-2, 248-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.092
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Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003
Censullo, A.C.; Jones, D.R.; Wills, M.T.,
Speciation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solventborne aerosol coatings by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography,
J. Coat. Technol., 2003, 75, 936, 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02697922
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Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996
Gautzsch, R.; Zinn, P.,
Use of incremental models to estimate the retention indexes of aromatic compounds,
Chromatographia, 1996, 43, 3/4, 163-176, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02292946
. [all data]
Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C.,
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Notes
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- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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