Propanedinitrile

• Formula: C₃H₂N₂
• Molecular weight: 66.0614
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C3H2N2/c4-2-1-3-5/h1H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 109-77-3
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Malononitrile; Cyanoacetonitrile; Dicyanomethane; Malonic acid dinitrile; Malonodinitrile; Methane, dicyano-; Methylene cyanide; Methylenedinitrile; CH2(CN)2; Malonitrile; Malonic dinitrile; Nitril kyseliny malonove; USAF A-4600; Dwumetylosulfotlenku; Rcra waste number U149; UN 2647; USAF KF-19; NSC 3769
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Gas Chromatography
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₃HN₂^- +  =

By formula: C₃HN₂^- + H⁺ = C₃H₂N₂

 (solution) + C₅H₁₁BrMg (solution) = C₃HBrMgN₂ (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₃H₂N₂ (solution) + C₅H₁₁BrMg (solution) = C₃HBrMgN₂ (solution) + C₅H₁₂ (solution)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: I^- + C₃H₂N₂ = (I^- • C₃H₂N₂)

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi

Ionization energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

C₃HN₂^- +  =

By formula: C₃HN₂^- + H⁺ = C₃H₂N₂

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: I^- + C₃H₂N₂ = (I^- • C₃H₂N₂)

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• LIQUID; Not specified, most likely a prism, grating, or hybrid spectrometer.; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY; 4 cm^-1 resolution
• LIQUID (NEAT) $$PURITY 99.75%; BAIRD (PRISM); DIGITIZED BY COBLENTZ SOCIETY (BATCH I) FROM HARD COPY
• SOLID (MULL, KEL-F OIL FOR 2-7.5 AND MINERAL OIL FOR 7.5-16 MICRONS); Not specified, most likely a prism, grating, or hybrid spectrometer.; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY; 4 cm^-1 resolution

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Alexander N. Yermakov, Alexy A. Usov, Antonina A. Goncharova, Axlexander N. Leskin, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   C_2ν     Symmetry Number σ = 2

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

References

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Beckhaus, Dogan, et al., 1990
Beckhaus, H.D.; Dogan, B.; Pakusch, J.; Verevkin, S.; Ruechardt, C., Geminal substituent effects. 4. The dependence of the inverse anomeric effect of geminal cyano groups on the structure, Chem. Ber., 1990, 123, 2153-2159. [all data]

Boyd, Guha, et al., 1967
Boyd, R.H.; Guha, K.R.; Wuthrich, R., Thermochemistry of cyanocarbons. II. The heats of combustion of pyridinium dicyanomethylide, malononitrile, and fumaronitrile, J. Phys. Chem., 1967, 71, 2187-2191. [all data]

Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981
Fujio, M.; McIver, R.T., Jr.; Taft, R.W., Effects on the acidities of phenols from specific substituent-solvent interactions. Inherent substituent parameters from gas phase acidities, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 4017. [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Taft, Abboud, et al., 1988
Taft, R.W.; Abboud, J.L.M.; Anvia, F.; Berthelot, M.; Fujio, M.; Gal, J.-F.; Headley, A.D.; Henderson, W.G., Regarding the Inherent Dependence of Resonance Effects of Strongly Conjugated Substituents on Electron Demand, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 6, 1797, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00214a023 . [all data]

Holm, 1983
Holm, T., Acta Chem. Scand. B, 1983, 37, 797. [all data]

Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989
Caldwell, G.W.; Masucci, J.A.; Ikonomou, M.G., Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry - Binding of Molecules to Bromide and Iodide Anions, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1989, 24, 1, 8, https://doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210240103 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Molder, Pikver, et al., 1983
Molder, U.H.; Pikver, R.J.; Koppel, I.A., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. 3. Nitriles, Org. React. Tartu, 1983, 20, 230. [all data]

Stafast and Bock, 1973
Stafast, H.; Bock, H., Photoelectron spectra molecular properties. XVII. Hyperconjugation in dicyanomethane and 2,2-dicyano propane, Z. Naturforsch. B:, 1973, 28, 746. [all data]

Schurz and Ullrich, 1959
Schurz, J.; Ullrich, A., Z. physik. Chem. (Frankfurt), 1959, 21, 185. [all data]

Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T., Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]

Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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