Naphthalene

Formula: C₁₀H₈
Molecular weight: 128.1705
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H8/c1-2-6-10-8-4-3-7-9(10)5-1/h1-8H
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 91-20-3
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
- Naphthalene-D8
Other names: Albocarbon; Dezodorator; Moth flakes; Naphthalin; Naphthaline; Naphthene; Tar camphor; White tar; Camphor tar; Moth balls; Naftalen; NCI-C52904; Mighty 150; Mighty RD1; Rcra waste number U165; UN 1334; UN 2304; NSC 37565
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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SPB-5	HP-5MS	HP-5MS	RTX-5	CP-Sil 8CB-MS
Column length (m)	60.	30.	30.	30.	0.
Carrier gas		He	He	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	1.	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	80.	60.	40.	40.
T_end (C)	230.	300.	280.	300.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	4.	4.	5.	4.
Initial hold (min)	2.		5.	2.	2.
Final hold (min)	10.			10.	5.
I	1208.	1190.9	1196.	1199.2	1199.
Reference	Engel and Ratel, 2007	Zeng, Zhao, et al., 2007	Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006	Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005	Elmore, Cooper, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	PONA	HP-5	ZB-5	HP-5
Column length (m)	30.	50.	30.	0.	30.
Carrier gas	He		He		He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.5	0.25	0.5
T_start (C)	40.	50.	50.	40.	60.
T_end (C)	260.		290.	265.	260.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	4.	7.	3.
Initial hold (min)	5.
Final hold (min)	20.			5.
I	1177.	1170.	1182.	1193.	1180.
Reference	Senatore, Napolitano, et al., 2005	Vendeuvre, Bertoncini, et al., 2005	Flach A., Dondon R.C., et al., 2004	Gocmen, Gurbuz, et al., 2004	Javidnia, Miri, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5MS	Petrocol DH	DB-5	HP-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	50.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.5	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	35.	60.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	280.	200.	240.	220.	310.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	3.	5.	2.
Initial hold (min)		10.		10.
Final hold (min)		10.
I	1160.	1172.4	1181.	1182.	1171.5
Reference	Tzakou, Vagias, et al., 2004	Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003	Flamini, Luigi Cioni, et al., 2003	Flamini, Luigi Cioni, et al., 2003, 2	Song, Lai, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-5	DB-1	DB-5	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	1.	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	40.	40.	50.	60.
T_end (C)	310.	310.	325.	200.	275.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	6.	3.	2.5	4.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)
I	1179.7	1183.4	1146.0	1203.2	1183.
Reference	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	Sun and Stremple, 2003	Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003	Afsharypuor and Suleimany, 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BPX-5	HP-5MS	DB-5	HP-5	HP-5
Column length (m)	50.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		He	He	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.5	0.25	1.	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	50.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	300.	200.	220.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	3.	2.5	5.	3.
Initial hold (min)	5.			10.	5.
Final hold (min)	20.
I	1218.	1182.	1174.	1180.	1179.
Reference	Bredie, Mottram, et al., 2002	Couladis, Chinou, et al., 2002	Dallüge, van Stee, et al., 2002	Flamini, Cioni, et al., 2002	Fokialakis, Magiatis, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	CP Sil 8 CB	HP-5	HP-5	HP-5	SPB-Sulfur
Column length (m)	60.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	4.
T_start (C)	40.	60.	60.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	250.	280.	260.	380.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	3.	3.	3.	4.
Initial hold (min)	8.	5.			12.5
Final hold (min)	10.		10.
I	1195.	1179.	1179.	1176.	1177.3
Reference	Oruna-Concha, Ames, et al., 2002	Aligiannis, Kalpoutzakis, et al., 2001	Couladis, Baziou, et al., 2001	Couladis, Tsortanidou, et al., 2001	de Lacy Costello, Evans, et al., 2001
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-5	HP-5MS	OV-1	OV-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	20.	20.
Carrier gas	H2	H2		He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.32	0.25	0.32	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	1.	1.	0.25	0.3	0.3
T_start (C)	40.	40.	50.	45.	45.
T_end (C)	210.	210.	300.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	10.	10.	10.
Initial hold (min)				5.	5.
Final hold (min)				10.	10.
I	1191.	1192.	1191.	1162.	1165.
Reference	Moio, Piombino, et al., 2000	Moio, Piombino, et al., 2000	Nahir, 1999	Valero, Sanz, et al., 1999	Valero, Sanz, et al., 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SE-54	SE-54	DB-5	Methyl Silicone	DB-1
Column length (m)	25.	25.	30.		30.
Carrier gas	H2	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.31	0.31	0.32		0.2
Phase thickness (μm)			1.		0.25
T_start (C)	35.	35.	60.	50.	50.
T_end (C)	250.	250.	250.	250.	300.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.	4.	4.	5.
Initial hold (min)	3.	3.	5.		2.
Final hold (min)			20.		5.
I	1189.	1191.	1185.	1163.	1148.
Reference	Li, Wang, et al., 1998	Li, Wang, et al., 1998	Madruga and Mottram, 1998	Analytical Methods Committee, 1997	Johnson, Urso, et al., 1997
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	OV-1	DB-5	DB-5	DB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)		30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		H2	H2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)		0.32	0.32	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)		1.	1.	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	35.	40.	40.	40.	40.
T_end (C)	300.	220.	220.	310.	310.
Heat rate (K/min)	8.	3.	3.	2.	4.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)
I	1161.6	1191.	1192.	1171.5	1179.7
Reference	Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996	Moio L., Rillo L., et al., 1996	Moio L., Rillo L., et al., 1996	Lai and Song, 1995	Lai and Song, 1995
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-1	HP-101	DB-5	HP-1
Column length (m)	30.	60.	50.	30.	50.
Carrier gas	He	H2	N2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25			1.05
T_start (C)	40.	50.	70.	50.	40.
T_end (C)	310.	250.	200.	250.	260.
Heat rate (K/min)	6.	2.5	3.	4.	2.
Initial hold (min)		5.
Final hold (min)
I	1183.4	1141.	1197.	1186.	1169.
Reference	Lai and Song, 1995	Stashenko, Villa, et al., 1995	Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993	Gómez, Ledbetter, et al., 1993	Kuo and Ho, 1992
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Petrocol DH	Petrocol DH	Petrocol DH	DB-5	SPB-1
Column length (m)	100.	100.	100.	0.32	60.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	H2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	1.	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.5	0.5	0.5		0.25
T_start (C)	30.	30.	30.	30.	35.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	220.	180.	235.
Heat rate (K/min)	1.	1.	1.	1.5	2.
Initial hold (min)				5.	10.
Final hold (min)					40.
I	1158.51	1160.26	1158.	1194.	1156.
Reference	White, Douglas, et al., 1992	White, Douglas, et al., 1992	White, Hackett, et al., 1992	Guichard and Souty, 1988	Huang, Bruechert, et al., 1987
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SPB-1	DB-5	SE-54	SE-54	OV-1
Column length (m)	60.	30.	25.	25.	50.
Carrier gas	He	He	H2	H2	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.26	0.31	0.31	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.17	0.17
T_start (C)	35.	50.	35.	35.	50.
T_end (C)	235.	300.			200.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	6.	2.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)	10.	4.
Final hold (min)	40.	20.			55.
I	1156.	1187.	1165.	1180.	1144.
Reference	Huang, Bruechert, et al., 1987	Rostad and Pereira, 1986	Weber, 1986	Weber, 1986	Wu and Liou, 1986
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Ultra-1	Ultra-1	Ultra-1	Ultra-2	Ultra-2
Column length (m)	50.	50.	50.	50.	50.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22
Phase thickness (μm)	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.33
T_start (C)	-30.	-30.	-30.	-30.	-30.
T_end (C)	240.	240.	240.	240.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	1.	2.	3.	1.	2.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)
I	1146.97	1155.82	1161.44	1178.80	1188.47
Reference	Haynes and Pitzer, 1985	Haynes and Pitzer, 1985	Haynes and Pitzer, 1985	Haynes and Pitzer, 1985	Haynes and Pitzer, 1985
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	Ultra-2	SE-30	SE-30	OV-1	OV-1
Column length (m)	50.	25.	25.	50.	25.
Carrier gas	He	N2	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.22	0.33	0.33	0.2	0.31
Phase thickness (μm)	0.33
T_start (C)	-30.	100.	140.	35.	35.
T_end (C)	240.	320.	320.	280.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	10.	6.
Initial hold (min)				5.	5.
Final hold (min)
I	1194.63	1189.	1199.	1155.1	1156.84
Reference	Haynes and Pitzer, 1985	Korhonen and Lind, 1985	Korhonen and Lind, 1985	Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 1983	Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 1983
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	OV-1	OV-1	OV-101	SE-52	SE-52
Column length (m)	24.	30.	108.	33.3	12.
Carrier gas				He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.3	0.3	0.25	0.50	0.3
Phase thickness (μm)	1.1	1.1	0.2		0.34
T_start (C)	35.	35.	35.	50.	50.
T_end (C)	250.	250.	200.	320.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.	1.	6.	2.
Initial hold (min)	5.	5.		5.
Final hold (min)
I	1157.	1157.1	1156.	1172.	1168.74
Reference	Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 1982	Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 1982	Hayes and Pitzer, 1981	Beernaert, 1979	Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Packed	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SE-52	OV-101	SE-52	SE-52
Column length (m)	12.	2.5	65.	50.
Carrier gas	He		N2	N2
Substrate		Gas-Chrom Q
Column diameter (mm)	0.28		0.3
Phase thickness (μm)	0.17
T_start (C)	50.	50.	100.	100.
T_end (C)	250.	220.	300.	300.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	1.8	2.5
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)
I	1166.21	1162.	1150.	1173.
Reference	Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979	Nixon, Wong, et al., 1979	Carugno and Rossi, 1967	Cantuti, Cartoni, et al., 1965
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Engel and Ratel, 2007
Engel, E.; Ratel, J., Correction of the data generated by mass spectrometry analyses of biological tissues: Application to food authentication, J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1154, 1-2, 331-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.012 . [all data]

Zeng, Zhao, et al., 2007
Zeng, Y.-X.; Zhao, C.-X.; Liang, Y.-Z.; Yang, H.; Fang, H.-Z.; Yi, L.-Z.; Zeng, Z.-D., Comparative analysis of volatile components from Clematis species growing in China, Anal. Chim. Acta., 2007, 595, 1-2, 328-339, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2006.12.022 . [all data]

Saroglou, Dorizas, et al., 2006
Saroglou, V.; Dorizas, N.; Kypriotakis, Z.; Skaltsa, H.D., Analysis of the essential oil composition of eight Anthemis species from Greece, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1104, 1-2, 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.087 . [all data]

Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005
Ádámová, M.; Orinák, A.; Halás, L., Retention indices as identification tool in pyrolysis-capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1087, 1-2, 131-141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.003 . [all data]

Elmore, Cooper, et al., 2005
Elmore, J.S.; Cooper, S.L.; Enser, M.; Mottram, D.S.; Sinclair, L.A.; Wilkinson, R.G.; Wood, J.D., Dietary manipulation of fatty acid composition in lamb meat and its effect on the volatile aroma compounds of grilled lamb, Meat Sci., 2005, 69, 2, 233-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.07.002 . [all data]

Senatore, Napolitano, et al., 2005
Senatore, F.; Napolitano, F.; Arnold, N.A.; Bruno, M.; Herz, W., Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Achillea falcata L. (Asteraceae), Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 3, 291-294, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1411 . [all data]

Vendeuvre, Bertoncini, et al., 2005
Vendeuvre, C.; Bertoncini, F.; Thiébaut, D.; Martin, M.; Hennion, M.-C., Evluation of a retention model in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, J. Sep. Sci., 2005, 28, 11, 1129-1136, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200401933 . [all data]

Flach A., Dondon R.C., et al., 2004
Flach A.; Dondon R.C.; Singer R.B.; Koehler S.; Amaral M.D.E.; Marsaioli A.J., The chemistry of pollination in selected Brazilian maxillariinae orchids: Floral rewards and fragrance, J. Chem. Ecol., 2004, 30, 5, 1045-1056, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000028466.50392.ed . [all data]

Gocmen, Gurbuz, et al., 2004
Gocmen, D.; Gurbuz, O.; Rouseff, R.L.; Smoot, J.M.; Dagdelen, A.F., Gas chromatographic-olfactometric characterization of aroma active compounds in sun-dried and vacuum-dried tarhana, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2004, 218, 6, 573-578, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-004-0913-6 . [all data]

Javidnia, Miri, et al., 2004
Javidnia, K.; Miri, R.; Kamalinejad, M.; Sarkarzadeh, H.; Jamalian, A., Chemical composition of the essential oils of Anthemis altissima L. grown in Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 3, 213-216, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1277 . [all data]

Tzakou, Vagias, et al., 2004
Tzakou, O.; Vagias, C.; Gani, A.; Yannitsaros, A., Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated at different growth stages from three Conyza species growing in Greece, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 425-428. [all data]

Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003
Censullo, A.C.; Jones, D.R.; Wills, M.T., Speciation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solventborne aerosol coatings by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography, J. Coat. Technol., 2003, 75, 936, 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02697922 . [all data]

Flamini, Luigi Cioni, et al., 2003
Flamini, G.; Luigi Cioni, P.; Morelli, I., Volatiles from leaves, fruits, and virgin oil from Olea europaea Cv. Olivastra Seggianese from Italy, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 5, 1382-1386, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020854y . [all data]

Flamini, Luigi Cioni, et al., 2003, 2
Flamini, G.; Luigi Cioni, P.; Morelli, I., Differences in the fragrances of pollen, leaves, and floral parts of garland (Chrysanthemum coronarium) and composition of the essential oils from flowerheads and leaves, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 8, 2267-2271, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021050l . [all data]

Song, Lai, et al., 2003
Song, C.; Lai, W.-C.; Madhusudan Reddy, K.; Wei, B., Chapter 7. Temperature-programmed retention indices for GC and GC-MS of hydrocarbon fuels and simulated distillation GC of heavy oils in Analytical advances for hydrocarbon research, Hsu,C.S., ed(s)., Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2003, 147-193. [all data]

Sun and Stremple, 2003
Sun, G.; Stremple, P., Retention index characterization of flavor, fragrance, and many other compounds on DB-1 and DB-XLB, 2003, retrieved from http://www.chem.agilent.com/cag/cabu/pdf/b-0279.pdf. [all data]

Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003 . [all data]

Afsharypuor and Suleimany, 2002
Afsharypuor, S.; Suleimany, M., Volatile oil constituents of Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes seeds, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2002, 14, 1, 18-19, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2002.9699748 . [all data]

Bredie, Mottram, et al., 2002
Bredie, W.L.P.; Mottram, D.S.; Guy, R.C.E., Effect of temperature and pH on the generation of flavor volatiles in extrusion cooking of wheat flour, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 5, 1118-1125, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0111662 . [all data]

Couladis, Chinou, et al., 2002
Couladis, M.; Chinou, I.B.; Tzakou, O.; Loukis, A., Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Ballota pseudodictamnus L. Bentham, Phytother. Res., 2002, 16, 8, 723-726, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1043 . [all data]

Dallüge, van Stee, et al., 2002
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Notes

Go To: Top, Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, References

Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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